e-Journal STT Intheos Surakarta
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Menyenangkan Tuhan sebagai Motivasi Transendental: Sebuah Pendekatan Teologi dan Psikologi
Full text linkAbstract. This paper was aimed to explore the meaning of pleasing God as a form of transcendental motivation through an integrative approach combining Christian theology, transpersonal psychology, and biopsychology. This study used a library research method. Findings showed that this motivation is linked to spiritual direction, the heart as the center of moral discernment, and surrender as a response to grace. In transpersonal psychology, it aligns with self-transcendence and meaning-centered motivation. Biopsychologically, the prefrontal cortex supports moral decision-making, the dopaminergic system enhances spiritual joy, and the limbic system stores spiritual memory. These insights affirm that spirituality is not only an inner experience but also a biological process, showing that pleasing God involves a holistic formation of the person—spiritually, psychologically, and biologically.Abstrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi makna menyenangkan Tuhan sebagai motivasi transendental melalui pendekatan integratif antara teologi Kristen, psikologi transpersonal, dan biopsikologi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi pustaka. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi ini terkait dengan arah hidup spiritual, pembentukan hati sebagai pusat pertimbangan moral, dan penyerahan diri sebagai respons terhadap anugerah. Dalam psikologi transpersonal, motivasi ini mencerminkan self-transcendence dan meaning-centered motivation. Dari sudut biopsikologi, prefrontal cortex berperan dalam pengambilan keputusan moral, sistem dopaminergik memperkuat sukacita rohani, dan sistem limbik menyimpan memori spiritual. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa spiritualitas melibatkan pengalaman batin sekaligus proses biologis yang mendukung pertumbuhan iman secara utuh
Raqaf Ruach Yahweh: Urapan, Katekumen, dan Dinamika Pengajaran Roh Kudus dalam Spiritualitas Pentakostal
Full text linkAbstract. Christian education that is solely oriented toward academic aspects without the active involvement of the Holy Spirit loses its transformative power and risks becoming a purely intellectual process. Pentecostal pedagogy emphasizes the simultaneity between spiritual experience and theological learning, rejecting the dichotomy between cognition and faith experience. The concept of Raqaf Ruach Yahweh in Genesis 1:2, Deuteronomy 32:11, and Jeremiah 23:9 illustrates the Holy Spirit's role as an agent of transformation in creation, protection, and character formation. This article studied the concept by conducting theological analysis and literature review, including biblical hermeneutics and reflections on the catechumenal tradition of the early church. The findings indicate that Pentecostal pedagogy must integrate orthodoxy (right doctrine), orthopraxy (right action), and orthopathy (right feeling) within the educational process. Faith testimony in the Pentecostal community is not merely a personal expression but also serves as a pedagogical tool that strengthens the understanding and internalization of Christian teachings.Abstrak. Pendidikan Kristen yang hanya berorientasi pada aspek akademik tanpa keterlibatan aktif Roh Kudus kehilangan daya transformasinya dan berisiko menjadi proses intelektual yang kering. Pedagogi Pentakostal menekankan simultanitas antara pengalaman spiritual dan pembelajaran teologis, menolak dikotomi antara kognisi dan pengalaman iman. Konsep Raqaf Ruach Yahweh dalam Kejadian 1:2, Ulangan 32:11, dan Yeremia 23:9 menunjukkan bahwa Roh Kudus berperan sebagai agen transformasi dalam penciptaan, perlindungan, dan pembentukan karakter. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji konsep tersebut melalui analisis teologis dan kajian literatur, termasuk hermeneutika biblika dan refleksi terhadap tradisi katekumenat gereja mula-mula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pedagogi Pentakostal harus mengintegrasikan ortodoksi (ajaran yang benar), ortopraksis (tindakan yang benar), dan ortopati (perasaan yang benar) dalam proses pendidikan. Kesaksian iman dalam komunitas Pentakostal bukan sekadar ekspresi pengalaman pribadi, tetapi juga alat pedagogis yang memperkuat pemahaman dan internalisasi ajaran Kristen
Implementasi Sanggit dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Kisah Ghatotkacabadhaparwa dalam Pementasan Wayang Kulit Jawa
Full text linkAbstract. The church is often faced with a dilemma, especially when there is a clash between Christian Religious Education (PAK) and local culture. Christians often assume that the only true Christian tradition is the Christian tradition from the West. To bridge this tension, the Sanggit technique can be implemented in PAK through wayang kulit performances. This study uses a cross-cultural approach by encountering the story of Ghatotkacabadhaparwa in wayang kulit performances with the figure of Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christians. The result of this study indicates that the sanggit technique can help Javanese Christians find their identity, harmonize Christian faith with Javanese culture, and create a young generation with broad insights.Abstrak. Gereja sering diperhadapkan pada situasi dilematis, khususnya saat terjadi benturan antara Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) dengan budaya lokal. Umat Kristen tidak jarang beranggapan bahwa satu-satunya tradisi Kristen yang sejati hanyalah tradisi Kristen dari Barat. Untuk menjembatani ketegangan tersebut, teknik Sanggit dapat diimplementasikan dalam PAK melalui pementasan wayang kulit. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan lintas budaya dengan memperjumpakan cerita Ghatotkacabadhaparwa dalam pementasan wayang kulit dengan tokoh Yesus Kristus, figur sentral umat Kristen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik sanggit dapat membantu umat Kristen Jawa dalam menemukan jati dirinya, mengharmonisasikan iman Kristen dengan kebudayaan Jawa, dan mencetak generasi muda yang berwawasan luas
Analisis Unsur Narasi: Studi Kasus Cerita Alkitab untuk Anak Sekolah Minggu
Full text linkAbstract. This research investigates various narrative elements in 10 Bible Stories for Sunday School children published on the internet. The design of this research is a qualitative method. The research showed that the narrative styles of stories with progressive plots, verbs that do not cause conflict, tension, and suspense, and conjunctions as transitional signals in a series of events can fit the comprehension level of Sunday School children in the 5–7-year-old category and the 8–9-year-old category. The narrative styles of stories which deviate from the progressive plot with verbs that cause various conflicts, tensions, and suspense, and various transition signals in a series of events are interesting for Sunday School Children in the 10–13-year-old category and the 14–16-year-old category.Abstrak. Penelitian ini meneliti berbagai unsur narasi dalam 10 cerita Alkitab untuk Anak Sekolah Minggu yang dipublikasi di internet. Desain penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerita model narasi dengan plot progresif, verba yang tidak menyebabkan konflik, ketegangan, dan suspens, serta konjungsi sebagai penanda transisi rangkaian peristiwa sesuai dengan tingkat pemahaman Anak Sekolah Minggu usia 5-7 tahun dan usia 8- 9 tahun. Cerita model narasi dengan plot menyimpang dari progresif, verba yang menyebabkan berbagai konflik, ketegangan, dan suspens, serta berbagai penanda transisi rangkaian peristiwa menarik bagi Anak Sekolah Minggu usia 10-13 tahun dan usia 14-16 tahun
Did Sarah Know? Unveiling the Isaac's Sacrifice
Full text linkThis study investigates the question of whether Sarah was aware of God’s command to Abraham to sacrifice their son, Isaac. Although Genesis 22 does not explicitly mention Sarah’s awareness, this paper argues that the emotional, spiritual, and practical unity between Abraham and Sarah—consistently depicted throughout the biblical narrative—strongly implies her knowledge and joint participation. The account of Abraham and Sarah’s extensive spiritual journey, beginning in Mesopotamia, continuing through Haran, and culminating in Canaan, is reexamined through a close textual reading and contextual interpretation. Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing hermeneutical analysis and Hebrew narrative criticism to interpret the biblical text and uncover the dynamics of the events described. The finding suggest that Abraham indeed informed Sarah, and that she knowingly shared in both the suffering and the faith required to endure this divine test alongside him
Penilaian Otentik Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berbasis Kearifan Lokal “Nyalah Karewau Napait Hang Urung”
Full text linkAbstract. This study aims to analyze local wisdom-based authentic assessment that helps facilitate Christian Religious Education teachers in assessing students' Christian character. This research was conducted by the ADDIE research and development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) at Buntok Senior High School 1. The results revealed that the design of the authentic assessment model of Christian Religious Education based on local wisdom “nyalah karewau napait hang urung” is a practical instrument to determine the level of learning progress of students, especially student behavior. By integrating local values into the assessment process, this design provides a relevant and contextualized approach to Christian Religious Education learning.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penilaian otentik berbasis kearifan lokal yang membantu dan memudahkan guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam penilaian karakter Kristiani peserta didik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian dan pengembangan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) di SMAN 1 Buntok. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa desain model penilaian autentik Pendidikan Agama Kristen berbasis kearifan lokal “nyalah karewau napait hang urung” merupakan instrumen praktis untuk mengetahui tingkat kemajuan belajar siswa, khususnya perilaku siswa. Dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal ke dalam proses penilaian, desain ini memberikan pendekatan yang relevan dan kontekstual terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Implementing Lectio Divina in Spiritual Revitalization of Protestant Pastors in Indonesia
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to explore and implement the practice of Lectio Divina and analyze its theological and practical implications for the spiritual growth of Lutheran pastors in North Sumatra, Indonesia. We argue that Lectio Divina is effective for enhancing the spirituality of pastors. This research employs a participatory action research design with qualitative orientation and limited quantitative pre-post measurement. There are several things this study aims to accomplish, namely: to explore the early understanding of Lectio Divina, to delve deeper into and to unravel the history of its emergence and development, and the application of this practice in the ecumenical church in the 21st century. This article also explains the four practical steps of the Lectio Divina spiritual formation. The research found that the implementation of Lectio Divina among pastors had a significant impact on their spiritual growth and behavior. Finally, the author proposes the practice of Lectio Divina can be contextually applied in Indonesian Lutheran churches
From Authority to TRUST: Sebuah Tawaran Paradigmatik Kepemimpinan Pastoral dalam Menumbuhkan Spiritualitas Autentik Generasi Z
Full text linkAbstract. The phenomenon of Generation Z disengagement from spiritual activities in churches in Indonesia requires a paradigmatic transformation in pastoral leadership. This research develops the TRUST model (Transparency, Respect, Understanding, Spirituality, Transformation) as an alternative trust-based leadership approach that responds to the spiritual needs of Generation Z. Through descriptive qualitative methods with a comprehensive literature study of national and international theological journals, this study analyzes the gap between Generation Z expectations and traditional pastoral leadership practices. Findings indicate that Generation Z rejects hierarchical authority structures but responds positively to leadership that emphasizes relational transparency, appreciation for their unique contributions, a contextual understanding of digital reality, holistic spirituality that integrates technology with tradition, and a commitment to continuous transformation.Abstrak. Fenomena menjauhnya generasi Z dari aktivitas spiritual gerejawi di Indonesia memerlukan transformasi paradigmatik dalam kepemimpinan pastoral. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model TRUST (Transparency, Respect, Understanding, Spirituality, Transformation) sebagai alternatif kepemimpinan berbasis kepercayaan yang responsif terhadap kebutuhan spiritual generasi Z. Melalui metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi literatur komprehensif terhadap jurnal teologi nasional dan internasional, penelitian ini menganalisis gap antara ekspektasi generasi Z dan praktik kepemimpinan pastoral tradisional. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa generasi Z menolak struktur otoritas hierarkis namun responsif terhadap kepemimpinan yang menekankan transparansi relasional, penghargaan terhadap kontribusi unik mereka, pemahaman kontekstual terhadap realitas digital, spiritualitas holistik yang mengintegrasikan teknologi dengan tradisi, dan komitmen transformasi berkelanjutan
Kriminalisasi Ulama – Pengalaman Kekristenan
Full text linkAbstract. This article is a historiographic experiment using a phrase that was once popular in Indonesia: criminalization of ulama. In the long history of Christianity, there have been many cases and events that can be considered as issues of criminalization of its ulama. There are at least four aspects that can be found in the thoughts and actions of ulama that can be used by the authorities as reasons to punish: subversive, renegade, provocative, and rebellious. This historical investigation aimed to show the figures, events, and reasons when Christianity placed itself outside the system and had to bear the consequences socially and legally. In the stable situation of Christianity in many places, including in Indonesia, since the mid-20th century to the early 21st century, this religion has slowly forgotten and lost its main calling, which at any time can result in ulama being criminalized.Abstrak. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah eksperimen historiografi untuk menggunakan ungkapan yang sempat populer di Indonesia: kriminalisasi ulama. Dalam sejarah panjang kekristenan ternyata banyak kasus dan peristiwa yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai persoalan kriminalisasi kepada para ulamanya. Setidaknya ada empat aspek yang dapat ditemukan dalam pikiran dan tindakan para ulama yang oleh pihak penguasa dapat dijadikan alasan untuk menghukum: subversif, pembelot, provokasi, dan pemberontakan. Penelusuran historis ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan tokoh, peristiwa, dan alasan ketika kekristenan menempatkan dirinya di luar sistem dan harus menanggung akibatnya secara sosial dan hukum. Dalam situasi mapan kekristenan di banyak tempat, termasuk di Indonesia, sejak pertengahan abad XX hingga awal abad XXI agama ini perlahan dapat lupa dan kehilangan panggilan utamanya, yang sewaktu-waktu dapat menghasilkan ulama terkriminalisasi
