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Sustainability Reporting and Earnings Management: Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the development of sustainability reporting (SR) and earnings management (EM). The researchers employed a structured literature review method, utilizing reputable electronic databases to gather data from 2016 to 2024, resulting in the selection of 32 studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings of this study comprehensively present the developments, types of variables, measurements, and suggestions for future research related to sustainability reporting and earnings management. Research on SR and EM has shown a continuous increase from 2018 to 2024, with the non-financial sector being the most frequently studied. The most relevant and significant theories utilized in research are stakeholder theory, agency theory, and legitimacy theory. These theories are commonly employed to explain why companies engage in sustainability reporting. Types of variables related to SR include sustainability reporting, sustainability measures, sustainability disclosure, sustainability engagement, financial sustainability, corporate sustainability management, corporate, sustainable development, and corporate sustainability performance. Types of variables related to EM include earnings management, real earnings management, earnings quality, management earnings forecast, and earnings transparency. Measurement of SR variable is predominantly based on standard GRI Index, Sustainability Reporting Disclosure Index, and ESG scores. EM variable is measured using the effective tax rate and book-tax differences. This research contributes to the academic discourse and practical applications in the fields of sustainability reporting and earnings management, offering valuable insights for future studies in this area
Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Risk Based Internal Audit Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud
Get PDFFraud is currently a concern for business stakeholders in a company or institution, as many entities experience setbacks due to a lack of prevention and discipline over actions that can lead to fraud, resulting in a decline in public trust towards a company. Fraud is an illegal act committed intentionally to achieve certain goals, such as fulfilling the social needs of the perpetrator. Fraud can be committed by insiders or outsiders for personal, group, or factional gain. Financial statement fraud is the intentional or negligent misrepresentation of a material aspect of an organization by manipulating or engineering the financial statements. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand and analyze the role of risk-based internal audit in the context of fraud prevention efforts. This research uses the qualitative interpretive phenomenology method. Data collection in this study used interviews at RSUD Dr. Soedirman with a total of eight informants who served as internal auditors. The results of this study can be concluded that RSUD Dr. Soedirman Kebumen is at the risk enables level, meaning that RSUD Dr. Soedirman Kebumen has implemented a culture of fraud prevention. RSUD is a government agency, so it has clear regulations and guidelines in carrying out organizational activities
Corporate Governance and Fraud: A Systematic Review
Get PDFThe increasing phenomenon of fraud across various business sectors emphasizes the importance of implementing effective corporate governance. Strong corporate governance is believed to enhance company transparency and accountability, thereby reducing the risk of fraud occurrence. This study aims to analyze the role of corporate governance in preventing fraud through a systematic review approach using PRISMA guidelines. It examines 22 articles published between 2020 and 2024 from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Emerald Insight databases, focusing on corporate governance and fraud prevention. The findings reveal that the implementation of strong corporate governance mechanisms, such as board independence, gender diversity, board size, audit committees, internal controls, and audit quality, significantly contributes to fraud prevention. However, the effectiveness of these mechanisms depends on cultural, regulatory, and institutional contexts. This study also highlights the importance of Islamic governance in fraud prevention, particularly in the Islamic financial sector, by emphasizing principles of justice, transparency, and the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB). Overall, effective corporate governance enhances transparency and accountability, reducing the risk of fraud, although further research is needed to explore the variations in the effectiveness of governance mechanisms across different cultural and regulatory contexts
Systematic Literature Review : Dampak Tax Incentives terhadap Inovasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Get PDFThis study systematically reviews the impact of tax incentives on innovation and economic growth. Tax incentives, as a fiscal policy tool, have the potential to stimulate investment in research and development (R&D), fostering innovation in key sectors such as technology and manufacturing. The findings suggest that tax incentives can accelerate innovation and long-term economic growth, particularly in countries with economic stability and a private sector ready to innovate. However, the effectiveness of this policy depends on factors such as policy design, macroeconomic conditions, and supporting regulatory and socio-political factors. This study concludes that to maximize the impact of tax incentives, policies should be tailored to specific sectoral needs and supported by other holistic policies
Pengaruh Agresivitas Pajak, Komite Audit dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Dimoderasi oleh Profitabilitas
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to determine the Influence of Tax Aggressiveness, Audit Committee, and Company Size on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure with Profitability as a Moderator in Property & Real Estate Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2023 Period. The population of this study includes all Property & Real Estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2023 period. The sampling technique uses the purposive sampling technique. Based on the criteria that have been set, 18 companies were obtained. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The results of the study show that Tax Aggressiveness, Audit Committee and Company Size and the interaction variables between each independent variable and the moderation variable, namely Profitability, together have an influence on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. The results of the study show that Tax Aggressiveness has no effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, the Audit Committee has a positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, and Company Size has a negative effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. The moderation variable test shows that Profitability can moderate and weaken the influence of Tax Aggressiveness on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Profitability cannot moderate the influence of the Audit Committee on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Profitability cannot moderate the influence of Company Size on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Peran Profitability sebagai Moderasi: Sales Growth, Transfer Pricing, Capital Intensity dan Tax Avoidance
Get PDFTax is the main income for the government, so it is very reasonable if the government wants all taxpayers in Indonesia to pay their tax obligations according to applicable policies. This study aims to analyze and prove the effect of sales growth, transfer pricing, and capital intensity on tax avoidance with profitability as a moderating variable in real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020-2023 period. The data sources were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website and the official websites of each related company. The population in this study was 92 companies with a total sample of 328. This study shows that sales growth has an effect on tax avoidance, transfer pricing has no effect on tax avoidance, and capital intensity has no effect on tax avoidance. In addition, it is also shown that profitability is unable to moderate the effect of sales growth on tax avoidance, profitability is unable to moderate the effect of transfer pricing on tax avoidance, and profitability is unable to moderate the effect of capital intensity on tax avoidance
Tinjauan Luas Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) : Tata Kelola, Struktur Kepemilikan, dan Kinerja Perusahaan
Get PDFThis study investigates the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure among banking companies in Indonesia, focusing on the influence of corporate governance (proxied by the proportion of independent commissioners), ownership structure (foreign ownership), and firm performance (return on assets). The research is grounded in stakeholder theory and information asymmetry theory, which argue that effective governance and transparency serve to legitimize a firm's actions in the eyes of stakeholders. The sample consists of Indonesian banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2020–2023, selected using purposive sampling. Using panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM), the findings reveal that none of the three independent variables independent commissioners, foreign ownership, and profitability have a statistically significant effect on CSR disclosure levels. These results suggest that the expected positive relationships between governance, ownership, and performance with CSR disclosure may not apply uniformly in the banking sector. Institutional pressures, short-term investor orientation, and symbolic compliance may account for these inconsistencies. The study highlights the need for more comprehensive governance mechanisms and stakeholder engagement strategies to enhance CSR disclosure practices in Indonesian banks
Overconfidence CEO dan Nilai Perusahaan: Peran Mediasi Struktur Modal dan Investasi
Get PDFThis study evaluates the impact of CEO overconfidence on company value, with the mediating role of capital structure and investment policy. The background of this study is highly relevant given the increasing attention to psychological aspects in financial decision-making in emerging markets, such as Indonesia, where leadership dynamics play an important role in business strategy and company value fluctuations. CEO overconfidence can encourage bold decision-making, which has the potential to increase company value. However, this behavior can also pose significant risks if not managed properly. The study uses a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques to analyze 450 observations from 90 companies in the raw materials, consumer goods, energy, infrastructure, and manufacturing sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. The CEO overconfidence index was measured through a combination of demographic indicators such as share ownership, age, tenure, and education level. The analysis results show that CEO overconfidence has a significant effect on capital structure and investment policy, as well as a direct impact on company value. Of the two mediating variables, only investment policy (ROI) significantly mediates this relationship, while capital structure (DER) does not. These findings support behavioral finance theory and signaling theory, which affirm that cognitive biases play a real role in managerial financial decisions. Practically, this study provides important insights for investors to evaluate the impact of psychological biases on company performance and for boards of directors to formulate incentive policies that can manage CEO behavioral risks, thereby making strategic decision-making more optimal and transparent
Dekomposisi Penerimaan Pajak di Indonesia untuk Meningkatkan Peramalan Estimasi Basis Pajak
Get PDFThis study aims to compare tax revenue forecasting model on nett tax revenue in contrast to its tax baseline component. We identifies tax baseline component that reflecting natural economic growth through interviews with Indonesia's Directorate General of Taxes (DGT). We employ ARIMA, ETS, linear model, and forecast combination to forecast both the baseline and nett tax revenue data using monthly national time series data from 2021-2023. By comparing Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), we determine the most accurate model and dataset combination for tax revenue forecasting. We finds that forecast from linear model in baseline tax revenue has the best MAPE of 5,17% and perform better than forecast combination as the best model from nett tax revenue with 8,30% MAPE. This study offers a novel perspective on tax revenue forecasting by employing a micro approach that focused on identifying baseline component from overall tax revenue. It has the potential to more comprehensive understanding of tax revenue behavior and lead to more improved fiscal control in Indonesia
Activity-Based Costing untuk Efisiensi Belanja: Analisis Standar Biaya Digitalisasi Dokumen Perpajakan pada Direktorat Jenderal Pajak
Get PDFIn the concept of performance-based budgeting, the determination of standard cost is an instrument used in maintaining the efficiency of the government budget. This research aims to estimate the standard cost of tax documents digitalization using the activity-based costing method in government organization. This research also outlines the steps taken in order to implement activity-based costing. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach in the form of a case study conducted at the Directorate General of Taxes, Ministry of Finance. The research was carried out by document analysis to identify activities, allocate costs to each relevant activity, calculate activity rates, calculate activity costs for products based on the results of document analysis, and confirm through interviews with respondents. The research results show that the estimation of output standard costs for tax document digitalization can be calculated using the activity-based costing method Based on this research, it is known that recording activities consume the most significant costs in producing digital data. The contribution of this research can be used as material in decision making and analysis of the preparation of standards cost in order to achieve budget efficiency in government organization. To enable the implementation of this method government organization, more research in the government sector is needed in the future