Journal Of Agrobiotechnology (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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Chemical Composition of Taiwan Napier Grass at Different Growth Stages
Get PDFNapier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) has potential to be processed as a livestock fodder due to high growth rate and good nutritive value. The objective of this study is to determine and compare the chemical composition of Taiwan Napier grass at different growth stages. The different harvesting intervals of growth stages were 30 to 35 days and 40 to 45 days. The plant samples were collected at Agropolitan Farm Besut-Setiu, Terengganu and were analyzed using proximate analysis and dry ashing method. The chemical compositions were analyzed for ash, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), Magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K). The mineral compositions of Mg and K were measured using Induced Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results showed that the chemical compositions of Taiwan Napier grass at different growth stages had a significant effect on the percentage content of all components measured. The percentage of crude fiber increased as the age increased which is 28.88% and 30.04% in 30-35 days and 40-45 days, respectively. The percentage of chemical compositions of crude protein, ash, ether extract, Mg and K had decreased as the growth stage of Taiwan Napier grass increased. The percentage of crude protein, ash, ether extract, Mg and K were higher at 30-35 days, which are 14.42%, 10.57%, 3.00%, 0.064 ppm and 0.026 ppm, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the growth stage at 30-35 days of Taiwan Napier grass is the best age for harvesting which is providing high nutritive value of the animal feed
Ultrasound Scanning as a Technique in Pregnancy Diagnosis of Saanen Breed at UniSZA Dairy Goat Farm
Get PDFUltrasonography is not only commonly used in human but also is a useful tool for diagnosis of pregnancy in livestock species, including goats. It was improved with the advent of real-time B-mode (brightness mode) imaging. This tool was used more frequently in sheep compared with goats. The present study was conducted to use B-mode transabdominal probes development of goat pregnancy scanning protocol in UniSZA Dairy Goat Farm (UDGF). Ultra-structure images at different stages of pregnancy and the earliest possible diagnosis of pregnant does were determined. The results of this study showed the following structures: embryonic sacs (days 28-48), foetal (days 28-52), foetal head (days 56-144) and placentome (days 40-146). Single and twin foetuses were differentiated after 56 days of estimated pregnancy. The efficacy of this project was determined based on the frequency of occurrence of the ultra-structures that have been observed. Ultra-structures detected by ultrasound scanner have been identified as indicators for foetal twinning and as a predictor to differentiate stages of pregnancy. In a nutshell, the data of ultra-structures were analysed by percentages of whole stages of pregnancy to detect early pregnancy, twinning of foetus as well as detection of pregnancy. The outcomes of this research will be the fundamental scientific information that could be applied practically as an integrated component of goat management practices in the dairy goat industry for income generation and small farmers in the rural areas for their wellbeing and livelihood as well as for food security and safety of this country.Â
Effect of Different Conditions of Citric Acid and Acetic Acid Decontamination against Esherichia coli in Lettuce
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of different conditions of citric acid and acetic acid decontamination against Escherichia coli in lettuce. The samples was inoculated with E. coli and kept for 24 hrs at 4°C. The sample was decontaminated by using different concentrations of citric acid and acetic acid (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), different time (0, 15 and 30 min) and different physical applications (agitation and without agitation). The number of E. coli was counted after incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The result shows that citric acid and acetic acid were effective in removing E. coli at concentration of 1.0% without agitation while application of physical forces significantly increases the efficiency of citric acid and acetic acid in eliminating E. coli with concentration at 0.5% after 15 min. There is no significant difference with regards to 30 mins decontamination duration compared to 15 mins. The citric acid and acetic acid with the application of physical force are more effective compared to citric acid and acetic acid without the agitation. In conclusion, citric acid and acetic acids could be used as a disinfecting agents for decontamination of fresh produce in home application and food service sectors
Ichthyofauna in Rice Agroecosystem at Seberang Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia with notes on the introduced species
Get PDFTwenty six species of fishes from 14 families were recorded from various habitats including river, concrete canals, earth ditches and storm drains in the rice field, following three different stages of paddy planting for two seasons of rice cultivation at Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family recorded, that contributed the highest number of species in this study, followed by Osphronemidae, Clariidae and Bagridae. The most abundant families with high number of individuals collected were from Cyprinidae, Aplocheilidae and Anabantidae. There were seven introduced species recorded and two of them are considered as an invasive species namely Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus. The emergence numbers of invasive species can threaten the native species population in the rice field and lead to the local extinction
Alternative Medicine from Edible Bitter Plants of Besut, Malaysia
Get PDFIn Besut, there were elders who believed the bitter tasted vegetables may provide medicinal benefits. However, discontinuity of their knowledge to young generations leads to its deterioration. Since there still no documentation done on the consumption of edible bitter plants of Besut, this research conducted to reveal their knowledge of consuming edible, bitter and native plants for medicinal purposes. From the field visit and conversation, a list of accessions was made, continued by analysis for frequencies it has been used and dendrogram of linkage between purposes of the studied plants as alternative medicine by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software and bar chart plotted by using Microsoft Excel. There were 15 native families comprised of 17 plants species consumed for treating 31 types of diseases. The highest percentage of diseases treated represented by digestion problems, 64.7 %. The species of Syzygium polyanthum (serai kayu) and Nypa fruticans (nipah) found as highest uses among all the studied plants. The value of Pearson correlation, r =0.633, showed positive correlation between the purposes of treating diabetes and digestion problems at the significant level, p =0.01. Based on the dendrogram, there was nearest linkage at the distance of 3/25 in a cluster of 3; Crateva religiosa (dala), Oroxylum indicum (beka) and Tylopilus felleus (kulat gelam) which were used for treating hypertension, diabetes and poor food appetite. Bitter taste from the plants was stimulating positive perception of people to eat them as alternative medicine. Beside the leafy vegetables, mushroom also had been consumed as healing food
Detection, Isolation and Antibiotic Testing of Vibrio cholerae in seafood
Get PDFVibrio cholerae is important water borne human pathogen that associated with cholera disease. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of V. cholerae found in seafood. Samples of prawn, cockles and squid samples bought from Kuala Terengganu and Besut markets. The detection of V. cholerae in the samples was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay and plating method. V. cholerae isolates were subjected to six antibiotics susceptibility test using Kirby Bauer method. In Besut district, V. cholerae was found in cockles (33%), squid (38%) and prawn (44%) in supermarket. For wet market, V. cholerae only found in squid (18%) and no detection from prawn samples. For samples collected from Kuala Terengganu supermarket, the prevalence of V. cholera in cockle was at 29%, in squid at 56% and prawn at 75%. For samples collected from wet market, V. cholerae only present in squid at 18% and no detection in prawn samples. A total of 30 V. cholerae isolates were subjected to antibiotic testing. The isolates were completely resistance towards penicillin (100%), vancomycin (80%), tetracyline (23%), gentamycin (7%), norfloxacin (3%) and ciprofloxacin (3%). This study concluded prawn, cockle and squid samples from both district were contaminated with V. cholerae. Thus, it might pose risks to consumer if undercooked contaminated seafood were consumed
Health Examination of Cultured Red Hybrid Tilapia from Setiu Marine Pond Farm Terengganu
Get PDFA total of 26 tilapia fishes from Setiu Marine Pond, Terengganu were examined for parasites and bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) infection. Along with fish host sampling, physiochemical parameters of the fish pond were also being recorded. The fish were examine for ecto- and endo-parasites, followed by bacterial examination from obvious lesions and selected organs such as liver, heart and spleen. The main parasites that were recorded were protozoan parasites from the external part of the fishes. Only one helminth was found from the intestine of the fish. All fish were negative for S. agalactiae infection. The correlation between the prevalence in relation to size class and gender of fish were weak to moderate but not statistically significant. Overall, the fish cultured in the marine pond shows an excellent health condition, this might be related to the optimum physiochemical parameters recorded in the pond during the sampling period
Biochemical Analysis and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Ziziphus mauritiana (Bidara) Immature Leaves Extracts
No full textZiziphus mauritiana is locally known as ‘bidara’ and commanly used as traditional medicine for various ailments and disease treatments. The aims of this study is to evaluate the biochemicals composition and α-glucosidase inhibition of Ziziphus mauritiana immature leaves extracts. The fresh leaves were used to estimate the proximate values. The leaves were extracted separately with aqueous and ethanol using ultrasonication-asssisted technique, while crude polysaccharide was yielded from aqueous extract after ethanol precipitation. The ethanol (EE), aqueous (AE) and polysaccharide (PS) extracts were studied for total phenolics content (TPC), total sugars content (TSC), α-glucosidase inhibition and chemical fingerprints using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Proximate nutritional analysis revealed the presence of high moisture (70.89%) as well as crude proteins (6.92%), crude fibres (6.17%), ash (3.50%), fats (0.46%) and carbohydrates (12.0%). EE contained the most abundance TPC (24.80±0.08 mg GAE/g of extract) compared to AE (20.71±3.14 mg GAE/g of extract) and PS (3.28±1.58 mg GAE/g of extract). Meanwhile, all extracts contained high amount of carbohydrates with values 127.1 to 186.6 μg/mL. AE and PS showed stronger α-glucosidase inhibition compared to EA with IC50 values 0.959±0.15, 0.962± 0.17 and2.152±0.13 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, this research could contribute towards providing valuable scientific information to the local communities and for promoting further research on Z. mauritiana young leaves in Malaysia
International Conference on Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Food Technology 2018 (Book of Abstracts)
No full textICAFT 2018 provides an ideal academic platform for researchers to present the latest research findings and describe emerging agricultural Innovation to nourish the world. The conference seeks to contribute to presenting novel research results in all aspects of Agriculture, Animal Sciences & Food Technology. The conference aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of Agriculture, Animal Sciences & Food Technology. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest research results, ideas, developments, and applications in all areas of Agriculture, Animal Sciences & Food Technology
Estimation of Total Phenolic Acids, Flavonoid Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Ficus deltoidea Varieties and Their HPLC Profiles With Different Solvents
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol and ethanol extraction on antioxidant activities, total polyphenol, phenolic acid and flavonoid content of different Ficus deltoidea varieties. Our findings revealed that fresh leaves of F. deltoidea var. kunstleri; FDK1 had the highest total polyphenol, phenolic acid, flavonoid and antioxidant activities compared to that of other varieties. Ethanol extraction of FDK1 showed the highest activity in total antioxidant (DPPH) (4.48 mg TE/g FW), polyphenol (1.13 mg GAE/g FW) and flavonoid content (6.81 mg RE/g FW) while methanol extraction showed the highest activity in total antioxidant (FRAP) (2.43 mg TE/g FW) and phenolic acid content (4.54 mg GAE/g FW). HPLC quantification in dried leaves of FDK1 found out rutin exhibited higher than naringin. The highest rutin and naringin was found in FDK1 and FDT2 (12.83 and 3.04 μg/g DW). These results demonstrate that extraction solvent and F. deltoidea variety influence the activity of total antioxidant, polyphenol, phenolic acid and flavonoid content