Journal Of Agrobiotechnology (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Stingless Bees Propolis From Different Localities
Get PDFPropolis is a resinous mixture collected from stingless bees and is reported to have various biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor and hepatoprotective. Location where bees were bread plays an important role in determining the types and quality of propolis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of locality on antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of propolis. Stingless bee Heterotrigona itama propolis was collected from Besut (HI-BST), Dungun (HI-DGN), Tanah Merah (HI-TM) and Gua Musang (HI-GM). The antioxidant activity of these propolis was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2, 2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS). Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of these propolis extracts were determined through 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium Bromide (MTT Assay) and Annexin V/PI double staining method using flow cytometer. HI-BST propolis sample has the highest antioxidant capacity with IC50 value of 10 ± 2.623 ugmL-1 (DPPH free radical scavenging) and 30 ± 1.857 ugmL-1 (ABTS free radical scavenging) followed by HI-DGN and HI-GM. For cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluation, HI-BST has the highest cytotoxic, with IC50 value of 14 ± 0.910 ugmL-1 compare to other propolis samples. In apoptosis assay, at concentration of 14 µgmL-1 (IC50), there were 44.84% of cell undergoes early apoptosis while 38.81 % was a viable cell. Overall, data from this study shown that propolis collected form university’s apiary (HI-BST) is the best quality propolis compare to other location. Propolis from this location has good potential to be developed as health-related product
Drying Profile and the Mineral Content in Quality Determination of Kappaphycus Alverezii (Rhodophyceae) from Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia
Get PDFThis study was carried out to determine the mineral bioavailability of Kappaphycis alverezi in different solution and to obtain the drying condition for seaweed to achieve the acceptable level of moisture content of 40%. Acetic acid, sodium chloride and water are the parameters used in the mineral availability analysis to see the percentage of solubility after been subjected using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results showed that Kappaphycis alverezi treated with acid has a significantly increased in solubility of calcium which were 77.65, 63.64 and 60.02% respectively. In the drying experiment, the fresh seaweed and the commercial seaweed were dried in a cabinet dryer to study drying time to achieved the desired moisture content. The result based on drying showed that temperature have a significant difference (p>0.05) in drying time and the best drying temperature was 40°C in retaining the seaweed quality after the seaweed were subjected to syneresis analysis. The syneresis analysis demonstrated that 40°C had a lowest syneresis percentage which was 3.10% compared to temperature 60, 80 and 100°C at 11.51, 16.61 and 18.89% respectively. Proximate analysis showed that moisture content in Kappaphycis alverezi was 56.69% and ash content (26.34%), crude fibre (9.77%), protein (3.13%) and fat (0.67%). In dietary fibre analysis, by using enzymatic gravimetric method to determine the total dietary content in seaweed showed that seaweed can be classified as a high source of dietary fibre as the total dietary fibre obtained was 56.29 %
Edible Bitter Mushroom from Besut, Malaysia
Get PDFTo current, the edible bitter mushroom that available in Besut known with the only name kulat gelam. Whether in Terengganu or Kelantan, the mushroom that provides bitter taste will be obtained in certain season especially raining season in habitat of gelam trees. However, people from communities in Besut, Terengganu and some from Kelantan called the name of pokok gelam to different species of trees. In Besut, the trees were referred to Acacia mangium while in Kelantan they referred to Melaleuca cajuputi. Even in Malaysian rain forest, there was found the tree that related to the gelam name, that is gelam bukit tree from the species of Leptospermum from Fagaceae family. Through this research, we found the ectomychorrizal relationship between the bitter mushrooms in Besut area with the gelam tree, Acacia mangium. The nomination of this bitter mushroom was well-matched with the possible details accounts and found it significance to the name of Tylopilus felleus (Bull.) Karst., from Boletaceae family and some synonyms. A simple experiment done to obtain the pH value of fresh juice found at pH 5, while the moisture content was 91.38 % and ethanolic extraction produced 26.09 % of yield. Some identified macroscopic characters of the species had been recorded and the specimen deposited in herbarium
Isolation and Molecular Cloning of Carbohydrate Binding Module (CBM40) From Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 Neuraminidase.
Get PDFCarbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are discrete contiguous amino acid sequence within a carbohydrate-active enzyme which are, non-catalytic modules that primarily exist to target parent enzyme to its substrate for efficient hydrolysis. Although many sialidase proteins have been identified from various pathogenic bacteria, only a few enzymes are commercially available which have been used for chemoenzymatic syntheses and therapeutics application. In order to study family 40 CBM domain, a number of bacteria have been screened including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853,Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Salmonella thypii ATCC 14028  andVibrio cholerae Non-O1. A gene encoding CBM40 domain was screened from all the bacteria strains and subjected to PCR amplification. From all the samples tested, only Vibrio choleraeNon-O1 amplified a PCR product with approximate size of 530 bp. From BLAST sequence analysis, result has shown 99% similarity with the target Vibrio choleraeneuraminidase, NanH (M83562). Next, the confirmed CBM40 gene was further ligated into pGEMT Easy Vector system and transformed into E. coliJM109 host to secure the clone before re-ligated into suitable expression vector.Â
The Roles of Ammoniation, Direct Fed Microbials (DFM), and Cobalt (Co) in the Creation of Complete Cattle Feed Based from Oil Palm Trunk
Get PDFThe continuous increase in population and life style, will result in increased demand for animal protein. Animal protein from beef will be among the animal protein sources of paramount importance due to the large size of beef cattle and the volume of meat it can produce at a time. In Indonesia, comparison between national beef production and consumption reveals a deficit and about 51% of beef are imported from other countries. It is estimated that conditions of this nature will continue to increase every year. One of the problems in the development of ruminants is forage availability since forage serves as the main feed for ruminants. Forage availability in Indonesia is affected by differences in geographical conditions in each region and changes in productive forage land for animal feeds into housing, industry and oil plantations. Indonesia has a high oil palm plantation of about 11,9 million Ha in 2016 and is expected to increase to 14.03 million Ha in 2018. Oil palm plantations need to be rejuvenated (replanting) every 25-30 years. Replanting produces wastes especially in the form of oil palm trunks. The pith of the oil palm trunk can be used as animal feed because it has a high fiber content (44.43%) and can serve as a source of energy for ruminants. However, the oil palm trunk has a limiting factor as the high lignin content (15.41%) causes low digestibility. Therefore, it is important to develop technologies that can reduce the lignin content and increase the digestibility. The purpose of this paper is to review the potentials of oil palm plantation wastes (trucks) as high quality beef cattle feed using ammoniation technology, Direct Fed Microbials (DFM) and addition of the mineral, cobalt (Co) to increase meat production in beef cattle
Physicochemical Properties of Quail Bone Gelatin Extract with Hydrochloric Acid and Citric Acid
Get PDFGelatin is a translucent, colorless and flavorless food that was derived from hydrolysis of collagen that was found in animal skin, bone and connective tissue of animals such as domestic cattle, pig, poultry and fish. The objective of the present study is to extract gelatin from quail bone by using acid pretreatment method which is hydrochloric acid (HCl) and citric acid (C6H8O7) and to determine the physicochemical properties of quail bone gelatin. The quail bone gelatin (QBG) was compared with commercial bovine gelatin (CBG) and commercial fish gelatin (CFG). Chemical composition (protein, moisture and ash), bloom strength, pH, color, melting temperature and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were evaluated. The most important parameter to determine the quality of gelatin is bloom strength. QBG extracted with hydrochloric acid (QBGHCl) has the highest (165.36 g) value followed by citric acid (QBGc.a) which was 149.48 g, while CBG and CFG have bloom value 136.28 g and 91.69 g respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between QBGc.a and CBG but there was significant difference (p<0.05) between QBGHCl and CFG. The pH and melting temperature value has range value between 4.84 to 5.46 and 29.34ËšC to 38.69ËšC. QBGHCl and QBGc.a possesed a similar band (Amide A, Amide B, Amide I, II and III) with CBG and CFG for FTIR. Overall, the physicochemical properties of QBGHCl and QBGc.a has similar quality to CBG which have better quality than CFG. The result has been proven that QBG have a good quality of gelatin, therefore it can be an alternative to gelatin production in the future.Â
Editor Note
Get PDFJournal Agrobiotechnology (JAB) aims to publish up-to-date research and good quality paper covering agriculture, biotechnology, food science and technology, animal sciences, aquatic sciences and other related topics. The members of Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry had carried out various studies in abovementioned research areas through undergraduate students in their Final Year Project. Selected papers from these studies were published in this special issue with the theme Agrobiotechnology and Food Science in Ensuring Food Security. This special issue highlighted on three main disciplines; animal sciences, food technology and agricultural biotechnology. In line with the faculty aspiration to become the main player in food security research areas, we are nurturing our budding researchers by offering undergraduate research projects covering the four pillars of food security identified by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United nations (FAO); which are availability, access, utilization and stability. As a results, Â total of nine articles dedicated on animal sciences, nine on food technology and eleven articled on agricultural biotechnology featured I this special issue
Potential of Pseudomonas sp. & Bacillus sp. for Controlling Fusarium oxysporum, A Causal Agent For Rockmelon Fusarium Wilt Disease
Get PDFFusarium sp. recognized as among main pathogen to the rockmelon. The disease was renown as Fusarium wilt disease (FWD). As to the FWD, objectives of this study were to obtain the pure culture of Fusarium oxyporum f. sp. melonis (Fom), and to control the Fom via biological control method using effective bacteria. Beside, the study was also screened the plant growth promoting properties of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Snyder & Hans caused postharvest disease problem affecting melon production and loss almost 100 % due to this destructive disease. Effective bacteria like Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. has a good potential to suppress growth of pathogen. Based on the phenotypic identification and morphological characterization of fungus isolated was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and it was than confirmed with molecular methods with 99% similarity. Environmental factors that give the optimum growth of Fusarium were evaluated. Based on the result, the growth of fungus showed the best on PDA media (2.538 ± 0.095 cm), 30 °C (2.475 ± 0.096 cm), pH 4 (2.700 ± 0.216 cm) and under continuous dark condition (3.433 ± 0.115 cm). The Bacillus sp. (DP - 1) showed the highest antagonistic activity of fungus and bacteria with 70.68 % in dual culture assay and highest inhibition of fungus growth in double layer test with no ability to growth. As production of protease, all 7 bacteria tested showed positive result of by producing clear zone on PDA media except by B43. From several parameter tested, the result showed that Bacillus sp. has more potential as biological control agent to control the Fusarium wilt disease in rockmelon plant compared to Pseudomonas sp.
Effect of Bee Bread on Male Reproductive System of Sprague Dawley Rat
Get PDFBee bread has been traditionally consumed for enhancement of male fertility. There has been an increasing demand for natural products, particularly the bee products. However, to date, the role of bee bread and its underlying potential mechanism for protecting or improving sperm parameters has not been reported. Therefore, this study determines the role of bee bread supplementation on male reproductive organ weight and sperm parameter in the adult male rat. There are two groups which consist of treated and control group with 6 male rats in each group. The control rats were administered with 1ml of distilled water, while the treated rats were administered with 0.5g/kg body weight of bee bread (diluted in 1 ml of distilled water) for 28 days. At the end of experiment, rats were euthanised, and reproductive organs weight were collected and weighed. Cauda epididymis was collected for sperm count and sperm morphology evaluations. Apart from the prostate gland, there is no significant difference observed between the mean weight of testis, seminal vesicle, epididymis of the control rat and the treated rat which is the p-value that had been obtained is higher than 0.05. In addition, there is no significant difference in sperm count and sperm morphology between the control group and treated group. The results of this study show that bee bread may cause an increase in the weight of the prostate gland and sperm parameter in adult rats
Nutritional Value and Physicochemical Properties of White Bread Incorporated with Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber Seed) Flour
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the nutritional value and physicochemical properties of white bread incorporated with rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) flour (RSF). Rubber seeds were dehulled, oven dried, ground and sieved to produce RSF. The formulation of the bread included two controls, namely, C1 (100% wheat flour) and C2 (100% RSF), and bread incorporated with 25% RSF (RSF25), 50% RSF (RSF50) and 75% RSF (RSF75). The proximate compositions of wheat and RSF in the composite flour and bread samples were determined using standard procedures. The physical characteristics (specific volume, water activity, colour analysis of the crust and crumb, texture analysis and pore size) of the controls and supplemented breads were assessed. Increasing the amount of RSF from 25% to 100% significantly increased (p<0.05) the ash, protein, fibre and fat contents of the bread samples and significantly decreased (p<0.05) their carbohydrate and moisture contents. The specific volume increased and the water activity decreased as the added amount of RSF increased. The preferred percentage range of the specific volume was 25%–50%. Colour analysis revealed that the colour of the crust and crumb of the bread darkened when the percentage of RSF supplemented in the formulation increased. Thus, (RSF25) showed the best acceptability based on the nutritional value and quality of the bread