Journal Of Agrobiotechnology (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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Allelopathic Assesments of Ficus deltoidea Jack Varieties and Ficus microcarpa L.f. (Moraceae) on Lactuca sativa L. Seed
No full textThis study described allelopathic potential of two medicinal plant species, Ficus deltoidea varieties in comparison with Ficus microcarpa, by using testing the leaf-litter leachate through sandwich method and the leaf extracts through methanolic extraction method, with three replications for each donor species by using the complete randomized design (CRD). The sandwich method was carried out by using 5 mg, 10 mg and 50 mg dry weight of the donor plants leaf. Among the eight donor plant tested, results showed that var. kunstleri had the highest growth inhibition on lettuce radicle elongation (57.51%) as compared to control, followed by var. trengganuensis (45.50%) and Ficus microcarpa (39.95%), respectively. Meanwhile, the methanolic extraction was done by using different concentrations of leaf extract (0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm and 100 ppm). In the methanolic extraction bioassay, the var. kunstleri and var. trengganuensis that have the highest inhibition on lettuce growth were further selected to be tested by using this method and was observed to have a high inhibition on lettuce radicle elongation at 66.63% and 64.95%, respectively, as the concentration increases. Further studies can be conducted on the identification and isolation of allelochemical by using this finding as the background information towards the development of bioactive compound as natural botanical herbicide for weed management
Evaluation for Allelopathic Activity of Selected Tree Species Grown in BRIS Soil
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic activity of selected tree species grown in BRIS soil. The mature leaves from ten different tree species were collected as the material of donor plants. They were evaluated for the allelopathic activity of the leaf litter leachate and leaf volatilization by using Sandwich and Dish pack methods respectively, while Lactuca sativa (lettuce) was used as the receiver plant. Different amounts of leaf litter leachate were tested on the lettuce seedling growth for Sandwich method whilst, for Dish pack method the allelopathic activity was tested on different distances of the receiver plant from the donor plants. The results for Sandwich method showed that the tree species that gave the highest radical inhibition was Mangifera indica (mango) (60.05%) while the highest hypocotyl inhibition was Peltophorum pterocarpum (Yellow flame tree) (12.58%). Meanwhile, Manihot esculenta (cassava) showed the highest inhibition of radicle and hypocotyl by 86.50% and 76.63%, respectively, compared to control using Dish pack method. Based on this study, the evaluation for allelopathic activity of selected tree species grown in BRIS soil showed that there is significant presence of the allelochemicals in the tested tree species. The development of natural herbicides can be achieved with further studies to determine the effectiveness of allelochemicals in the tree species
The effect of Bacillus sp.(B43) on the growth of Pak choy and Red tilapia in aquaponics system
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to determine the effect of Bacillus sp. (B43) which were cultured into aquaponics system to enhance the red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and Pak Choy (Brassica rapa) growth performance. Six aquaponics sets have been setup, three (3) for control (without the addition of Bacillus sp. (B43) culture) and another three (3) for bacteria treatment. The plant seedlings was transplanted into the aquaponics set a week after the fish were released into the tank. The experiment started by culturing the Bacillus sp. (B43) into the tank at 4x105/ml. Parameters such as fish length, fish body weight, plant height, number of leaves, ammonia content, nitrate content, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), were recorded weekly. The dry weight of the plants was recorded at the end of the experiment. All the data has been analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistic version 25. Independent Sample T-test was chosen to compare the mean of every data collected by weeks. For plant height, the result showed that there is no significant differences between the control and bacteria treatment. However mean for control at week fourth for plant height  was 5.678 ± 1.366 g lower than bacteria treatment 5.700 ± 1.211 g. Analysis for a number of leaf and dry weight of Pak Choy also show no significant difference between bacteria treatment and control. However, the mean for dry weight for control was 0.904 ± 0.355 g and for bacteria treatment is 0.947 ± 0.573 g. The fish weight and fish length showed there is no significant difference between the bacteria treatment and control. As a conclusion, the addition of Bacillus sp. (B43) at 32x106/80ml into at 190 liter aquaponics system of cultivating red tilapia (30 tails) and Pak Choy (6) does not show any significant difference in fish and plant growth as well as the water quality for ammonia and nitrate content
Effects of Fish Waste Extract on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Cucumis sativus L.
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of fish waste extract on the growth, yield and quality of cucumber which is a popular cucurbitaceae fruit vegetable. Different treatments were arranged according with CRD layouts with five replicates for each treatment. All the six (6) treatments viz; control, NPK, 10 ml, 20 ml, 40 ml and 50 ml of fish waste extract were applied to the potting media. The results showed that the application of 20 ml of fish waste extract increased the vine length, number of leaf, chlorophyll content (SPAD), stomatal conductance and leaf TSS content of cucumber compared to other treatments and control. Treatment with 50 mL of fish waste extract produced the highest leaf area. The chlorophyll concentration, carotene content, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic yield also positively affected with fish waste extracts. It was also found that number of flower, number of fruit, and weight of individual fruit of cucumber also significantly increased by fish waste extracts. It can be concluded that 20 ml fish waste extract was the best treatment for improving the growth, yield and quality of cucumber. Foliar application of fish waste effluent on Cucurbitaceae vegetables is merit to further study
The Effect Of Em-1® (Lactobacillus Spp.) On Growth Performance Of Quails, Coturnix Japonica
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of using effective microorganism as a supplement in diet on growth performance and hepatosomatic index of quails. A 14 days age were used in a trial in triplicate was carried out by compared the control (c) group with three group of effective microbe in which ration was 1L EM:250 L H2O (treatment 1), 1L EM:550 L H2O (treatment 2) and 1L EM:750 L H2O (treatment 3), respectively. The effective microorganism was supplemented via drinking water. Sampling of weight were done every 7 days and growth performance parameter that were used to compare the growth performance of the quails such as Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Intake (FI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) were recorded. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result shows there was significant different (p<0.05) between control group and three other treatment during week four in terms BWG, FCR, ADG and FI. The result of hepatosomatic index shows no significant different (p>0.05) between treatments as it indicate that the quails supplemented with different ratio of effective microbe had no adverse effect on their liver metabolism. Further study can be done by supplemented the effective microorganism via feed
Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Meretrix meretrix and Anadara granosa from Balok River at Kuantan, Pahang
Get PDFA study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals Aluminium (Al), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in the soft tissues molluscs collected from Balok River at Kuantan, Pahang. Sampling was carried out during monsoon season and dry season. The molluscs were collected using digger and hand picking.Soft tissues of molluscs was digest by using Acid Digestion method and analyze using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fe, Al, Cd and Pb in water sample are natural level in Class of River based on National Water Quality Standard from Department of Environment (DOE), 2014. Mean concentration of Al, Fe, Cd and Pb (mg/kg dry weight) during monsoon and dry season in the soft tissue of Meretrix meretrix were 52.3000+8.6000, 104.3222+17.2529, 0.0349+0.0012, and 0.2701+0.0602 respectively while for Anadara granosa were 43.8845+26.9467, 115.4073+54.8871, 0.1592+0.2670,and 0.2056+0.1165 respectively. The toxicity of metals in the soft tissue flowed in both Meretrix meretrix and Anadara granosa were Fe>Al>Pb>Cd. All heavy metals concentration was lower in the soft tissues of both Meretrix meretrix and Anadara compares to the previous studies (Yunus et al., 2011, Lias et al., 2013, Yunus et al., 2010). The concentration of all heavy metals in molluscs was below the permissible limit according to Malaysia Food Act (MFA, 1983), World Health Organization (WHO, 1982) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2001). Keywords: Balok River, Heavy Metals, Mollusc, Meretrix meretrix, Anadara granosaÂ
Molecular Identification of Isolated Fungi from Kelantan and Terengganu Using Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS) Region
Get PDFFungi are morphologically, ecologically, metabolically and phylogenetically diverse. Fungi play important roles as one of the major decomposer in ecosystems, dominated by Saprophytic fungi. The identification of fungi is important to differentiate each fungi owing to their special ability in our ecosystem. However, the identification of fungi is become very challenging for those untrained mycologists. Essentially, the identification of fungi at the species-level is more problematic. Traditional approaches, based on the morphological or physiological features alone are unreliable because of the limited amount of morphological characters for fungi identification. Thus, a reliable molecular approach is required to identify the fungi at species-level. Here, we have successfully identified the species of 25 isolated fungi samples from the polluted areas in Kelantan and Terengganu by using the molecular identification utilizing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions. Phylogenetics tree was then constructed, using MEGA v7.0 software to illustrate the inter-relationships among the isolates. Among of 25 isolated fungi samples, 23 were identified from Ascomycota division and another two were from the Zygomycota division. From our observation, the most frequent species grew for both polluted areas were from Lasiodiplodia sp
Comparison of Dairy Goat Milk Production between Two Different Community Farmers in Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were to determine whether differences in goats milk production of milk between 2 community farms in Besut, Besut District, Terengganu and subsequently to evaluate the milk production by individual animals for both farms. In addition, this study was conducted to compare of late lactation period milk production between the origin of goats (UniSZA dairy goats and non–UniSZA goats) for different age groups of the goat. The does were hand-milked once a day from the 2 farms (Farm A n=7, Farm B n=5).  The milk yield was recorded. The results showed that the milk production was insignificant (p > 0.05) between Farm A and Farm B. while, significantly different (p < 0.05) for milk among individual animals within 2 farms as well as due to different ages groups of the goats. The milk production between UniSZA goats and non- UniSZA goats was not significantly different (p > 0.05).It was concluded that milk production in the community farms in Besut was influenced by the individual age of the goats regardless of the origin of the goats within the district
The Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Watermelon Rind Flour Incorporated Steamed Cupcake
Get PDFThis study aim to investigate the physicochemical and sensory attributes of watermelon rind flour incorporated steamed cupcakes. The produced watermelon rind flour using hot-air drying at 40, 60ËšC and freeze drying were substituted for plain flour at 10% level to produce CR40, CR60, and CRFD, respectively. Steamed cupcake without watermelon rind flour served as control (CCONT). Proximate results showed that composite steamed cupcakes had significantly (p<0.05) higher ash, crude fat, and crude fibre contents but lower crude protein, total carbohydrate, and calorie values than control. CRFD steamed cupcakes showed lighten crust and crumb and greater volume and specific volume. However, it shows harder texture but springier crumb than the CCONT. Sensory evaluation results showed that all steamed cupcakes with or without containing 10% watermelon rind flour were considered acceptable by the panellists. It can be concluded that watermelon rind flour dried using freeze drying method improved the nutritional quality and texture properties of steamed cupcakes
Effect of drying temperatures and extraction solvents on total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties of immature Manis Terengganu Melon (Cucumis melo)
Get PDFThe aims of this study was to determine the effects of drying temperature (40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C) on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity on immature Manis Terengganu Melon. The extraction was performed using different solvent (water, methanol and ethanol). The TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu method, Aluminium Chloride method, (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Free Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP assay), respectively. Drying temperature at 40 °C showed the highest amount of TPC and TFC extract. However, drying temperature at 50 and 60 °C showed the higher DPPH and FRAP values. By comparing the extraction solvents, methanol is the most efficient solvent to produce the highest value of TFC, DPPH and FRAP. Meanwhile, the used of water extract resulted in higher TPC amount compared to ethanol and methanol. The present obtained result may be used in food industries for developing of functional food ingredien