Anuario de Estudios Medievales (Institución Milá y Fontan - CSIC)
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Discordia fratrum y el influjo historiográfico sobre la Historia mal llamada Silense
Get PDFThe text wrongfully known as Historia Silensis drew on various historical writings of the past. Its debt to Sallust and the biographers of Charlemagne is not merely formal. The anonymous Leonese chronicler from the beginning of the 12th century constructed his historical explanation and legitimated his proposals on the basis of the experience provided by Sallust, Einhard and others. Particularly important among his many suggestions is the inevitability of the discordia fratrum.La erróneamente llamada Historia Silense recibió los influjos de algunas obras históricas del pasado. Su deuda con Salustio y los biógrafos de Carlomagno no es sólo formal. El anónimo autor leonés del siglo XII construyó su explicación histórica y legitimó sus propuestas merced a la experiencia proporcionada por Salustio, Eginardo y otros. Entre sus sugerencias destacamos la inevitabilidad de la discordia fratrum
Quan la justícia és venjança, contra un jueu
Get PDFIn Valencia, in the year 1380, the death of a child aged six unleashes hatred and fear. A Jewish man is accused of throwing a stone at him from his window. The Criminal Justice immediately opens a suit against him and, with amazing speed, pronounces sentence in less than three months. The prosecution, the defence and the witnesses provide a short but splendid picture of the lives of subordinate people in the lower classes, a picture that speaks of values, sociability and solidarity, unsteady roots and the always delicate relationship between Jews and Christians.[ca] La mort d’un nen de sis anys, a la València de 1380, desferma odis i temors. Un jueu és acusat d’haver-li llançat una pedrada des de la finestra de casa seua. D’immediat, el justícia criminal obre el procés i amb una rapidesa sorprenent, en menys de tres mesos, pronuncia la sentencia. L’acusació, la defensa i els testimonis proporcionen un breu però formidable fresc de la vida dels sectors subalterns, en torn dels valors, la sociabilitat i les solidaritats, les arrels inestables i les sempre difícils relacions entre jueus i cristians
Mentalidades de francos y bizantinos en 1204: una aproximación
Get PDFThe object of the present essay is to open up new approaches to the topic of the fourth crusade and the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204. Apart from the discussion on the problematic recent application of the concepts we are going to address, I have relied on methodological tools for the history of mentalities, attempting to shed new light on the interpretation of the actions of both Franks and Byzantines. The survey on the marvellous in the accounts of that period reveals to us anew the capital of Byzantium, characterized and accompanied by the mythical element. The key of my endeavor is the interaction of the average man’s frame of mind with the stimuli surrounding him. In doing so, we will be able to comprehend the individual’s demeanor, the human action that determines the historical process. Furthermore, we shall scrutinize a bifurcated Christian cosmos, with similar structure of thought and contrary perspectives.El ensayo presente tiene como objetivo brindar propuestas novedosas para el tema de la cuarta cruzada y la toma de Constantinopla por los latinos en 1204. Tras polemizar el empleo insatisfactorio existente de los conceptos de los cuales echaremos mano, el autor basándose en herramientas de la historia de las mentalidades trata de arrojar nueva luz sobre la interpretación de la acción de los francos y de los bizantinos. El estudio de lo maravilloso en las fuentes de aquella época nos descubre nuevos aspectos de la capital de Bizancio, con su carácter legendario que la acompaña. Clave principal de toda esta empresa es la interacción del molde conceptual del hombre medio con los incentivos que lo rodean. Si seguimos tal procedimiento, podremos entender el comportamiento individual, la acción humana que determina el devenir histórico. También, podremos atisbar un mundo cristiano dividido, con una estructura de pensamiento parecida y perspectivas contrarias
Les usages du sucre dans le manuel de pharmacie de Cohen al-‘Aṭṭār médecin juif du Caire au XIIIe siècle
Get PDFIn the absence of a pharmaceutical guide for the usage of apothecaries and merchants of drugs and drinks, which took into account the evolution of pharmacy and the development of pharmaceutical products, Cohen al-‘Aṭṭar wrote a new manual in which he reminded us not only of the writings of his predecessors, but also the point of view of his contemporaries, notably his proper experiences he carried out in his shop in Cairo to make pharmaceutical products and the means to preserve them. This pharmaceutical manual, the richest in medicine formulas, also stands out on account of the extensive use of sugar in the making of recipes. Given the fact that this product was available in large quantities in Egypt and Syria during the second half of the 13th century, it gradually substituted honey to become the principal ingredient in the making of drugs and drinks. Thus, sugar broke through the food world to become the privilege of the royal class, who turned it into one of the essential elements for their festivities.[fr] Face à l’absence d’un guide pharmaceutique à l’usage des apothicaires et des marchands de drogues et de boissons, qui tient compte de l’évolution de la pharmacie et du développement de la matière médicale, Cohen al-‘Aṭṭār propose un nouveau manuel dans lequel il rappelle non seulement les écrits de ses prédécesseurs, mais il livre également les points de vue de ses contemporains, et surtout ses propres expériences, qu’il mène dans sa boutique du Caire, pour la confection des médicaments et les moyens de les conserver. Ce manuel pharmaceutique, le plus riche en formules médicamenteuses, se distingue également par l’usage massif du sucre dans l’élaboration des recettes. Ce produit, disponible en grandes quantités en Égypte et en Syrie pendant la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle, se substitue progressivement au miel et devient l’ingrédient principal dans l’élaboration des médicaments et des boissons. Par cette voie et par un effet de mode, il perce le domaine alimentaire et devient l’apanage des cours princières, qui en font un élément indispensable à leurs réjouissances
