Journal of Phytopathology and Pest Management (Al-Azhar University)
Not a member yet
133 research outputs found
Sort by
Efficacy of alkaline and acidic electrolysed water generated by some salt solutions against gray mold of table grape: pre and postharvest applications
Get PDFThe objectives of the this research were to assess the activity of alkaline (alEW) and acidic electrolysed water (acEW), in vitro and in vivo, against the development of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. on table grape cv. Crimson seedless and to investigate these treatments on grape quality. Thirteen salt solutions (potassium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate, sodium silicate, EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Ca, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate dibasic, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium molybdate, sodium metabisulphite, sodium chloride), most of them are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) compounds, were used to generate alEW and acEW. In vitro results showed that in alEW, sodium carbonate and potassium sorbate were the most effective salts reducing the percentage of colony forming units (CFUs) by 67.3 and 63.7%, respectively. In acEW, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, potassium sorbate and EDTA-Fe were the most effective salts reducing CFUs by 88, 86, 85, 89 and 84%, respectively. Under artificial infection, at the end of cold storage, for alEW, the percentage of reduction ranged from 55-91.7% and potassium carbonate gave the best results against the grapes gray mold (91.7%). For acEW, the percentage of reduction ranged from 77-98% and ammonium molypdate gave the best results against gray mold (98%). Electrolysed water generated by potassium sorbate, sodium carbonate and sodium metabisulphite was effective against development of gray mold disease under natural infection. In most cases, the results of the present research showed that alEW and acEW did not influence the physicochemical properties of berry quality. This study confirms that electrolysed water is an effective treatment and has a good control activity against gray mold of table grape and it demonstrates that certain salts improve the electrolysis potential.Â
Resistance inducers for root and charcoal rots caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and their impact on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth parameters
Get PDFThe present work was carried out to study the effect of some safety compounds, e.g. plant guard & Rhizo-Nbiocide, Ocimum & Eucaliptus plant extracts, salicylic acid & ascorbic acid antioxidants compared to Rizolex-T in controlling root and charcoal rots of sunflower plants (Giza 102). Growth, and quality parameters in greenhouse and open field during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons were determined. Most treatments significantly protected sunflower plants from diseases and increased growth parameters compared to control plants. Under field conditions, naturally infected sunflower plants with Macrophomina phaseolina were significantly decreased compared to infected control. Vegetative growth parameters as plant height, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, percentage oil, protein of sunflower were increased significantly. The results provide an alternative and safe measures for control of sunflower root and charcoal rots.. Further trials with other safe compounds may be recommende
Evaluation of commercial honey bee queens quality in Egypt
Get PDFTo evaluate numbers of morphological characteristics of virgin honey bee queens, a total of 720 queens were obtained from five queen rearing stations were used. Queen samples were collected in March and August during seasons of 2015 and 2016. General characters as wet weight, thorax width and length, sum of third and fourth tergites length, abdomen length, number of ovarioles and volume of spermatheca were measured. The present result indicated that the queen weight was ranged from 134.33 to 156.34 mg in all tested samples. Insignificant difference of queen weights between the two trials in March or August was recorded. The averages of ovariole numbers were ranged from 118.93 to 130.11 in March, whereas they ranged from 125.32 and 131.26 in August. Both queen characters, weight and ovariole numbers were under the international standard for queen quality. The general mean of queen's acceptance percentage in August (83.33%) was differed significantly from the acceptance percentage in March (69.35%). The percentage of successful natural queen mating was ranged from 81.33 to 88.8 % in March and August, respectively. The present results Manifest  a lack of queen quality and queen rearing practices in queen rearing stations in Egypt.       Â
Analysis of varietal response to bakanae infection Fusarium fujikuroi and gibberellic acid through morphological, anatomical and hormonal changes in three rice varieties
Get PDFFusarium fujikuroi, the causal organism of bakanae disease, is mainly seed borne pathogen on rice. The response of different rice varieties have more concern to understand pathogenesis process and host pathogen interaction complex. Therefore, the present study had some objectives: to determine response of some rice genotypes to bakanae infection and Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment through morphological, anatomical and plant hormones changes. The highly virulent isolate no. 10 of F. Fujikuroi was used in evaluation of three rice cultivars; Sakha 101, Giza 179 and promising line GZ 10101-5-1-1-1. Changes in all morphological, anatomical traits and plant hormones activities Gibberellic acid (GA3), Indol Acetic acid (IAA) and Abscisic Acid (ABA) with bakanae infection and GA3 treatment were assessed from 15-60 days after inoculation and GA3 treatment during season 2018. Results indicated that bakanae infection caused severe morphological changes as abnormal elongation, degradation of chlorophyll and seedling death. Morphological changes were associated with wide anatomical changes of leaf as deformation of motor cell, mesophyll layer. For stem, infection and GA3 induced significant increase in the No. of aerenchyma and their diameter and increase pith diameter, and stem elongation. As well as, anatomical changes in roots were significant increase in diameter of epidermis, cortex layers, vascular cylinder, and reduction in diameter of xylem vessels. Out of anatomical results, Fusarium fujikuroi prefer to grow in aerenchyma, pith, cortex, vascular bundle of both sheath and stem. There is a significant increase in plant hormones Gibberellic acid (GA3), Indol Acetic acid (IAA) and Abscisic Acid (ABA) with bakanae infection and GA3 treatment combined with bakanae infection and GA3 treatment. GZ 10101-5-1-1-1 was recorded the lowest response to GA3 treatment with the lowest infection % and stem elongation%. While Sakha 101 and Giza 179 were the highly susceptible cultivars to bakanae with the highest infection %, stem elongation% and response to GA3. Â The fast and highest stem elongation %, No. of nodes and internode length was considered as remarkable phenotypic markers it can be used as valuable and early selection marker of susceptibility in breeding program to bakanae disease. GZ 10101-5-1-1-1 as new promising line and high tolerant to bakanae and low response to GA3 could be used as a good source in bakanae resistance breeding program. Â
Control of tomato bacterial wilt using certain of plant ethanol extracts
Get PDFIn this study, the antibacterial properties of ethanol extracts of Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulate, Punica granatum and Cinnamomum camphorm were tested in vitro and also under greenhouse conditions against Ralstonia solanacearum, the tomato bacterial wilt disease causal pathogen. In vitro experiments, C. sinensis caused the highest antibacterial activity against bacterial wilt followed by P. granatum and C. camphorm. All plant extracts increased the seed germination. In greenhouse experiments, the soil application of concentrations of 20% and 15% of the tested plant extracts were arranged in two groups: the ï¬rst group was two days after inoculation and the second group was two days before inoculation. All plant extracts decreased significantly tomato wilt disease severity. Tomato treated with plant extracts two days before the inoculation caused in higher disease severity reducing compared to two days after inoculation. Generally, the concentration of 20% has significantly reduced bacterial wilt development than 15%. Also, all treatments promoted the tomato plants biomass. In conclusion, we can recommend using of plant extracts of C. sinensis, C. reticulate, P. granatum and C. camphorm in the disease control programs of bacterial wilt disease of tomato
Potential resistance of certain sunflower cultivars and inbred lines against charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid
Get PDFIn this study, fourteen sunflower cultivars and inbred lines (Giza 102, Sakha 53, Enosa, Bozoloke, L7, L16, L22, L26, L35, L36, L46, L49, L60 and L63) were evaluated for their resistance to charcoal rot disease. Obtained results indicated that, Giza 102 and Sakha 53 cultivars gave the lowest percentage of charcoal rot disease severity. While, inbred line L46 showed the highest percentage of charcoal rot disease severity. The highest amount of total phenol contents was found in infected plants of the most resistant sunflower cultivars Giza 102 and Sakha 53. While, the most susceptible line L46 showed the lowest amount of total phenol contents. Furthermore, the highest level of all determined enzymes activity Catalase, Peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, were found in infected plants of the most resistant sunflower cultivars Giza 102 and Sakha 53. However, the lowest activity of enzymes was found in infected of the highest susceptible sunflower inbred line L46. The results of this study indicated that cultivated resistant cultivars are effective and economical method for controlling charcoal rot disease of sunflower
Role of hydrogen peroxide in management of root rot and wilt disease of thyme plant
Get PDFThyme (Thymus vulgaris) is an aromatic medicinal plant cultivated in many countries, including Egypt. The plant has many medicinal benefits that make it an important medical crop. In 2017, root rot and wilt symptoms were detected on thyme plants at different locations of Giza governorate and samples were collected from the infected plants. Seven fungi were isolated from the infected plants (Pythium sp., Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, F. oxysporum, Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria tennis). Pathogenicity tests of the isolated fungi proved that all of them were pathogenic to thyme. The effect of hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 1 % and 2%) on linear growth of Botryodiplodia sp., F. oxysporum, F. solani, M. phaseolina, Pythium sp. and R. solani was evaluated in vitro. All concentrations significantly reduced the fungal linear growth of all the tested fungi. However, the concentration of 2% was completely inhibited the fungal growth of R. solani, Pythium sp. and F. solani. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide application as seed treatment and soil drenching for controlling root rot and wilt disease of thyme was also performed under greenhouse conditions. A remarkable reduction in pre- and post- emergence damping off as a response to hydrogen peroxide was detected with all the tested fungi. Furthermore, the treatment of hydrogen peroxide yielded serious increasing in plant survival with all tested fungi compared with untreated plants
Some ecological aspects of main pests and predators incidence on sweet basil in Assiut governorate, Egypt
Get PDFIncidence of arthropod pests and predators on sweet basil, Osimum basilicum L. have been studied during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in a semi-arid newly reclaimed land (Arab El-Awamer, Abnob, Assiut governorate, Egypt). Results recorded thirty eight arthropod species belong to 27 families and 10 orders incidence on sweet basil. Destructive pest species comprised 20 species belongto 14 families and 7 orders, predaceous species composed 13 species of 10 families and 6 order and five visitor species belong to 5 families and 3 orders. In addition. results showed that Empoasca decipiens (Paoli), Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Tetranychus urtica (Koch) and Thrips tabaci (Lind.) were the main pests recorded on sweet basil, and the dominant predaceous species were Coccinella undecimpunctata (L.), Chrysopa carnea (Steph.), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze), Stethorus punctillum (Weise), Orius albidipennis (Rossi) and Scolothrips longicornis (Priesnes) on sweet basil. Results indicated that a heavey infestation with E. decipiens, B. tabaci, T. urticae and T. tabaci to the sweet basil occurred in July, while A. gossypii was found in August during the two seasons. A heavey incidence of predaceous species, S. longicornis, S. punctillum, O. albidipennis and S. interruptus were recorded in July, where C. undecimpunctata and C. carnea were observed in August on sweet basil during the two seasons. Results also cleared that the correlation between the previous pests and predators was highly significant positive or a significant positive. It could be concluded that there are great numbers of predators that they can play an important role in biological control of the main pests attacking sweet basil to avoid hazardous to environment with chemical pesticides
Influence of some natural products of Moringa oleifera (L.) on some biochemical and economical characters of infected mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Get PDFBacterial diseases of silkworm, Bombyx mori cause serious problem during silkworm rearing. They cause quantitative and qualitative reduction of silk production. Use of botanical materials having anti-microbial property with no side effects is an alternative way for controlling silkworm diseases. This study aims to shed light on the role of some natural products of Moringa oleifera (seed oil, leaves extract, root powder and honey) with different concentrations in treatment of disease silkworm with bacterial infection, by studying their effects on some protein enzymes Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and protease enzymes, cocoon parameters and silk filament characters of Bombyx mori. At the beginning of the 5th larval instar, larvae were fed on fresh mulberry leaves supplemented with different concentrations of extracts (three diets/day, five times during the 5th larval instar). A significant increase of biochemical aspects (protein transaminases and protease enzyme) in all treatments was observed in comparison with control. Root extracts with concentrations (1% & 2%) and 1.5% of seed oil were the best. Similarly, the cocoon characters (cocoon and shell weights) and silk characters (filament length, weight and size) enhanced significantly in high concentrations. Root and seed oil extracts exhibited the highest significant effect, while no significant differences were noticed among shell weight means. Extracts of the different parts of M. oleifera have a protective and therapeutic execution against bacterial infection of B. mori. Furthermore, a highly significant difference was noticed with root extract using followed by the seed oil treatment with higher concentrations among other treatments
Enhancement of poison bait acceptance through taste additives in short-tailed mole rat, Nesokia indica (Gray) infesting datepalm orchards in Nok-kundi and Mashkale in province Balochistan, Pakistan
Get PDFThis study was planned to enhance the poison bait acceptance in short-tailed mole rat, Nesokia indica (Gray) by using different food additives. Chemical control is the most effective method for rat control but only difficulty is that rodents shy rapidly the poison bait. To overcome the drawback of bait shyness and to save food from rodents, led to the development of highly palatable formulation using taste additives (bait enhancers). Ten taste additives namely dates, egg, milk powder, brown sugar, yeast, glycerin, animal fat, fish meal, sunflower oil and minced meat were incorporated 5% by weight individually in a bait base made of broken rice and wheat flour. Under no-choice test, rats showed more preference to date additive bait as compared to other additives. Under paired choice test (two feeds), baits with date, animal fat and milk powder were more preferred. Similar trends were recorded in multiple feed choice tests. Date additive bait, which showed the most preferred from choice tests significantly, enhanced the acceptability by 69.21% and 62.09% of bait containing brodifacoum and bromadialone. The study revealed that the addition of 5% date in poison bait can be useful in enhancing bait acceptance by rats, reducing colossal losses to date-palm