Journal of Tropical Crop Science
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The Induction of Primary and Secondary Somatic Embryo to Support Arabica Coffee Propagation
No full textThe primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis can be used to propagate Coffea arabica L clonally. However, the success of this propagation was depended on plant growth regulator and varieties. This study aimed to examine the possibility of 2,4-D and thidiazuron application to form primary and secondary somatic embryo to support Arabica coffee clonal propagation. The study consisted of two activities (1) 2,4-D and thidiazuron Application to Induce Primary Somatic Embryogenesis of Arabica Coffee and (2) The Application of thidiazuron in Solid and Semi-Solid Media to Induce Secondary Somatic Embryos. The results indicated significant effect of varieties and plant growth regulator on fresh weight, number of torpedo and germinated embryo. However, it showed no significant effect on callus formation percentage. The best medium to induce primary somatic embryogenesis depending on variety, on the treatment of 4.52 μM 2,4 -D +18.16 μM thidiazuron was the best for AS2K and Sigarar Utang varieties, S 795 at 4.52 μM 2,4-D + 9.08 μM thidiazuron, whereas Kartika at 4.52 μM 2.4-D + 13.62 μM thidiazuron. The morphology of coffee somatic embryo was normal. Primary somatic embryo was developed indirectly, whereas the secondary somatic embryo was directly. The application of 9.08 μM thidiazuron increased the percentage and number of secondary somatic embryos, hence enhancing number of Arabica coffee planlet. Keywords : Coffea arabica L, 2,4-D, thidiazuron, semi-solid media, Indirect somatic embryogenesi
The Roles of Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson and Ridge Terrace in Reducing Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses in Oil Palm Plantation in South Lampung, Indonesia
Get PDFAsystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson is a weed commonly found on oil palm plantations and can be used as cover crop for mature oil palm plantations due to its tolerance to shading. The use of cover crop is a soil conservation technique to support sustainable availability of soil nutrients by reducing erosion and nutrients loss, particularly during the rainy seasons. This research aims to determine the roles of A. gangetica as cover crop for measures against erosion and nutrients loss in mature oil palm plantation. This research was conducted in oil palm plantation, Unit Rejosari, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VII, District of Natar, South Lampung Regency from August 2014 to April 2015. The research used split block design in randomized complete block design with two factors and six replications. The main plots were ridge terrace, namely with and without ridge terrace. The sub plots were cover crops, namely with and without cover crops A. gangetica. The results show that using A. gangetica as cover crops in mature oil palm plantations effectively minimized erosion and loss of organic C, N, P, and K by 95.7%, 93.4%, 96.0%, and 90.0 %, respectively. The use of cover crop became more effective when combined with ridge terrace and reduced erosion by 94.1% and loss of organic C, N, P and K by 99.1%, 99.2%, 90.0% and 98.5%, respectively
The Use of Bokashi to Enhance Agricultural Productivity of Marginal Soils in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Get PDFThe yield of agriculture crops tends to be decreasing in many parts of world including in Indonesian farmers’ land. One of the causes of the decreased yields is the reduction of organic matter in the soil. Peanut is one of the important crops in southeast Sulawesi and is usually intercropped with maize. However, the yield of peanut and maize crops were low as they were grown in marginal lands that have low nutrient contents, low CEC, high acidity, and low organic matter. The objectives of this paper were to summarize the results of our studies on the use of bio fertilizer bokashi plus fertilizer to improve peanut yields grown in marginal soil in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study also examined the agronomical performance of several local peanut varieties which had high adaptability to the local conditions and marginal lands. The results of this study demonstrated that application of mulch and bokashi increased maize and peanut production, seed dry weight and 100-seed weight. This practice has potentials to be applied in other agricultural lands of southeast Sulawesi region with similar soil and climatic condition to increase peanut yield, and promote the sustainable agriculture production of the region
The Study of Organic Fertilizers Application on Two Soybean Varieties in Organic Saturated Soil Culture
Get PDFIndonesia is facing soybean shortage and the low productivity of soybean production from decreasing acreage. Saturated soil culture (SSC) could be one of the solutions for marginal land with drainage problem. Saturated soil culture is cultivation technology that gives continuous irrigation and maintains water depth constantly and makes soil layer in saturated condition. Farmers can use on-farm inputs that are normally available at the production site. An organic farming system may be able to ensure local and regional food security through continuous production. The study was conducted at Cikarawang Experimental Station of Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia, from December 2009 to February 2011. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of organic fertilizer application on the productivity of two varieties of soybean, “Anjasmoro” and “Wilis”, in organic saturated soil culture conducted in two cropping seasons. Prior to the experiment all plots were applied with 2 ton.ha-1 of dolomite, 2 ton.ha-1 of rice hull ash, and 10 ton.ha-1 of chicken manure. The experiment of the first season used split plot design with six replications. The main-plot was organic fertilizer that consisted of chicken manure only (20 ton.ha-1), chicken manure (10 t.ha-1) + Centrosema pubescens (4.2 t.ha-1), chicken manure (10 ton.ha-1) + Tithonia diversifolia (4.2 t.ha-1). The sub-plot was soybean varieties “Anjasmoro” and “Wilis”. The soybean productivity was not affected by the application of organic fertilizers. “Willis” productivity (1.98 t.ha-1) was higher than “Anjasmoro” (1.80 t.ha-1). The experiment of second season used split-split plot design with three replications. The main-plot consisted of 50 and 100% fertilizer rate of the first cropping season; the sub-plot was the same types of organic fertilizer with soybean varieties as sub-sub-plot. Rate of fertilizer, types of organic fertilizer and soybean variety did not affect productivity. Application of 50 and 100% rate of fertilizer in the second season produced 2.41 and 2.55 t.ha-1 of dry seeds, respectively. Soybean plants treated with chicken manure, green manure from C. pubescens and T. diversifolia produced 2.45, 2.50 and 2.49 t.ha-1 of dry seeds, respectively. “Anjasmoro” and “Wilis” produced 2.50 and 2.45 t.ha-1 of dry seeds, respectively. Productivity in the second season was 26.26-36.61% higher than those of the first cropping season
Conservation Status of Lontar Palm Trees (Borassus flabellifer Linn) In Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aimed to describe the botanical description, conservation status and potentials of Sulawesi native lontar palm trees (Barassus flabellifer Linn) in Jeneponto district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study was extended to include a study on the community’s attitude towards preservation of lontar palm trees involving 30 people distributed over three research sites. Overall 53% of the dry-land in Jeneponto district is grown by lontar palm trees with the tree density ranging from 50 trees per ha for trees aged between 1-5 years; 37 trees per ha for trees aged between 5-10 years; and 32 trees per ha for trees aged more than 10 years. New lontar palm trees which are being managed by the local communities are planted on 27% of the land area. Tamalatea sub- district has the largest lontar palm tree population in Jeneponto District
Study on Medicinal Plants Used by the Ethnic Mamuju in West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia is known as a country with very high biodiversity, within which are potential medicinal plants that have not been fully explored or utilized. The potential of this natural biodiversity for the health and welfare of the Indonesian community is regarded as high, if it is properly utilized. An example of the potential benefits of these plants is reflected in the types of traditional medicinal plants used by the Mamuju ethnic in West Sulawesi. This research aims to describe the types of plants used as traditional medicines by the Mamuju ethnic group. The study is based on descriptive approach that used a combination of observations, interviews and taxonomy. The results of the study revealed that there are 31 species of medicinal plants used as sources of traditional medicine by the Mamuju ethnic group, of which there are 33 medical herbs used for the treatment of 31 kinds of diseases. The health issues that are addressed through the use of medicinal plants include the treatment of some types of internal diseases, including cysts, cancer, tumors, high blood pressure, ulcers and diabetes; disease symptoms such as itching, swelling, myopic, new injuries and infections. Some traditional medicines are used in relation to onset of menstruation, and postpartum treatment. The plant components that are used for medicinal purposes include roots, stems, stem bark, leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, rhizomes and tubers. However, the predominant plant component used for medicinal purposes is plant leaves
Evaluation of Yield Components of New Sweet Corn Hybrids in Bogor, Indonesia
Get PDFThe demand of sweet corn in Indonesia has been increasing; therefore breeding efforts are aimed for high yielding sweet corn varieties with superior quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the yield of five newly developed sweet corn hybrids compared to the commercial varieties. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo experimental field of IPB, and Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB Darmaga campus from September to December 2015. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Five new sweet corn hybrids, “ JM8 x JM2”, “JM8 x JM7”, “JM16 x JM8”, “JM17 x JM6” and “JM17 x JM7”, and four commercial varieties, “Bonanza”, “Master Sweet”, “Sugar 75” and “Sweet Boy”, were tested. The results showed that the new hybrids vary in plant height, days to anthesis, days to silking, ear height, ear length, sugar content, number of kernel rows, the weight of husked ear, and number of ears per plant, downy mildew infected area, and productivity. F1 of “JM8 x JM2” has longer ears than “Master Sweet” and “Sugar 75”, higher sugar content than “Sugar 75”, and higher resistance against downy mildew than “Master Sweet” and “Sweet Boy”
A Unique ‘Chain Tree’ Bauhinia (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) from Pagerwunung Darupono Conservation Park, Central Java, Indonesia
No full textA tree species having a unique stem morphology has been found to grow at Sam Poo Kong temple, Gunung Batu, Semarang city, and at Pager Wunung Darupono Conservation Park, Central Java, about 30 km away from the temple. Based on plant key reference identification the name of this tree species is Bauhinia scandens Willd, a liana from Leguminosae family. This species has a local name of ‘pohon rantai’ due to the chain shape of the stems. It flowered in August and the fruits matured in October. In vitro germination of the seeds collected from the Conservation Park was not successful and only one out of 30 seeds germinated in vivo after 12 weeks. Further studies should be conducted on conservation and propagation of this unique species
Correlations Between Leaf N, P, K, Ca and Fe Levels and The Production of Metabolites in Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour.)
No full textTorbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) is a tropical plant from the Lamiaceae family. Torbangun leaves have a distinct aroma. Torbangun leaves have been traditionally used as a medicinal plant in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Bataknese lactating women in North Sumatra consumed torbangun leaves after giving birth with beliefs that it could increase their breast milk production (lactagogue), and that the leaves can function as anti-fungal and/or anti-bacterial, analgesic, to reduce blood cholesterol, and clean the human uterus. However, scientific evidence on this traditional herb is limited. This research was conducted to: (1) determine the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Fe in different position along the plant and the leaf age as to diagnose the secondary metabolites content of torbangun leaves, and (2) determine the relationship between N, P, K, Ca and Fe leaf concentrations with their metabolite production. The results of the study showed that: (1) the best leaf position and age to determine of the need of N, P, K, Ca and Fe nutrients are on the 3rd leaf position of 5 months-old plant (2) There was a positive correlation between leaf K concentrations with shoot dry weight, Ca with PAL activity, and Fe with total saponins on the 3rd leaf position of 5 months-old plant.Keywords: Coleus amboinicus Lour, torbangun, nutrient, correlation test, secondary metabolites
The Interaction between Endophytic Actinomycetes and Rhizobium in Leguminous Plants
Get PDFBiological N2 fixation represents the major source of N input in many agricultural soils including those in arid regions where little artificial fertilizer is applied. The major N2-fixing systems in agriculture are the symbiotic systems, where bacteria such as rhizobia interact with legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen which plays a significant role in improving the fertility and productivity of low-N soils. The symbiotic association of legume-rhizobium is initiated by the colonization of the rhizosphere by the rhizobia and subsequent attachment to the root hairs of the host plant. Furthermore, the host will produce flavonoids, such as luteolin in alfalfa and diazedin in soybean, which interact with nod protein in the rhizobia. Moreover, this process then elicits the expression of a cluster of nodulation genes such as nod, nol, and noe in the rhizobia. The interaction is potentially of great importance to the health and growth in nature of this nodulating legume.The interaction between endophytic Actinomycetes and rhizobia in leguminous plants is one way to improve the capability of leguminous plants to fix atmospheric nitrogen in plant roots and contribute to the plants nutrition. From other studies, we know that certain types of Actinomycetes, for example Streptomyces, interact with peas to form healthy roots as an effective site to form nodules and improve biological nitrogen fixation. Knowledge about this activity against fungal pathogens might lead to finding biocontrol agents for use in sustainable agricultural practices.Root-colonizing soil borne Actinomycetes might influence root nodulation in leguminous plants by increasing root nodulation frequency, possibly at the sites of infection by Rhizobium spp. Actinomycetes also colonize and sporulate within the surface cell layers of the nodules. This colonization leads to an increase in the average size of the nodules that form and improves the vigor of the bacteroids which generate the red color within the nodules by enhancing nodular assimilation of iron and possibly other soil nutrients. Keywords: symbiotic, biological, nitrogen, molecular interactio