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P-Wave Morphology, Amplitude, Duration and Dispersion in Atrial Arrhythmias
Get PDFThe detailed analysis of the P-wave duration and dispersion by means of conventional electrocardiography with the 12 standard surface leads in the stratification of patients suffering from AF is a recognized universal approach. P-wave dispersion (PWD) has received increasing attention in the field of non-invasive electrophysiology studying atrial arrhythmias and has been examined in a broad range of clinical settings including cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. It is well accepted that, not only the P-wave duration, but also the P-wave morphology and dispersion have the potential to give information about the anatomical substrate predisposing to AF. Patients with diseased atrial myocardium with fibrotic changes may develop abnormal electrophysiological alterations. Therefore, these atrial anisotropic characteristics may play an important role in creating reentry circuits by causing inhomogeneous and discontinuous propagation of the impulse in the atrial tissue. The altered atrial myocardium may generate unidirectional block, conduction delay and reentrant atrial rhythms. The P-wave of the electrocardiogram may show alterations that can be associated with atrial arrhythmias and AF. PWD is considered a noninvasive electrocardiographic marker for atrial remodeling and predictor for AF. It has been shown that increased P-wave duration and PWD reflect prolongation of intra-atrial and inter-atrial conduction time. In patients prone to develop atrial arrhythmias and AF, PWD reflects prolonged, inhomogeneous and anisotropic distribution of connections between myocardial fibers resulting in discontinuous anisotropic propagation of sinus impulses and atrial conduction. PWD is considered as a sensitive and specific ECG marker and predictor of atrial arrhythmias and paroxysmal AF
Successful Trans-Radial Coronary Intervention through “Arteria Lusoriaâ€
No full textArteria Lusoria or aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is present in 0.6–1.4% of individuals. The presence of ARSA can make a right transradial approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty technically more difficult. We describe a case in which a right Trans-radial approach for catheterization was successful in the setting of ARSA
Revisiting the Culture of Latent Stage Mycobacterium smegmatis on a Standard Agar Plate
No full textDisc diffusion assay is a basic and initial test in the search for potential inhibitor against bacteria, including high pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium smegmatis, due to the characteristics of non-pathogenic, fast growing and can be handled by Biosafety Level 1 facility, is therefore widely used as the replacing model to study M. tuberculosis. However, Mycobacterium spp. can exist in active and latent stage by utilizes different metabolism pathway. Under the circumstances of nutrient or oxygen depletion, Mycobacterium spp. shift the energy generation cycle from tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to glyoxylate cycle to progress into latent stage. It is challenging to obtain Mycobacterium spp. at latent stage. Here, we revisited the preparation of latent form M. smegmatis. We reported the medium, supplement and inoculum size to produce a reasonable lawn of M. smegmatis in a standard agar plate
Bariatric Surgery and its Place in Modern Diabetology
No full textThis short presentation includes recent international information. Obesity became a very difficult problem of the public health in the last decades. Bariatric surgery seems useful in appropiately selected patients. It determines an important weight loss in obese patients with type 1 diabetes and an improve in their insulin requirements and glycemic status. Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The remission of type 2 diabetes may be achieved after bariatric surgery, but rates vary according to subjects’ baseline characteristics. Although the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of bariatric surgery are not totally clear, gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptides are considered to play an important role. The landscape of bariatric surgery rapidly evolved in the past few years. Recently, bile acids emerged as an important factor for explaining the benefits of bariatric surgery and its perspectives
Surgical Reconstruction of Carapace Fracture in an Indian Black Turtle
No full textShell injuries are a common presentation in wild and captive turtles. There are many methods of fracture fixation, which based on the characteristics of the fracture. The present paper discussed about the surgical reconstruction of carapace fracture in an indian black turtle by using orthopedic wire and dental luting cement. An Indian black turtle/Indian pond terrapin (Melanochelys trijuga) weighing 1.1 kg was presented with a displaced fracture of the right side of the carapace involving IM, IIM, IIIM & IVM marginal, IP & IIP pleural and IVe vertebral scutes with a depressed fracture involving II pleural scute. The coelomic membrane was exposed but intact. The wound was noticed at the fractured site and was contaminated. A dorso-ventral radiograph revealed fractured and displaced carapace over the right forelimb with the intact spinal card. Under Ketamine sedation the fractured fragments were immobilized by 26G stainless steel orthopedic wire, inter fragmental space was sealed using dental luting cement (Lute glass) to avoid infiltration of water into wound when the turtle was left in the water. Enrofloxacin was administered intramuscularly at a dose rate 5 mg/kg every 48 hours interval of 6 days. Meloxicam was administered intramuscularly at adose rate 0.2 mg/kg body weight every 24 hours interval for 3 days post-operatively. After complete recovery the turtle was released in its natural habituated place
Evaluation of Theloresectoscopy for Management of Teat Obstruction in Dairy Cow
No full textA total of 175 Jersey cross bred cows (180 teats) at a different stage of lactation were presented at the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Teaching veterinary clinical complex, with the history of difficulty in letting down of milk was taken for the present study. All the affected animals were subjected to ultrasound scanning using 7.5 MHz linear probes by water bath method with and without normal saline infused into the teat as contrast. After the assessment of type and site of obstructions under xylazine sedation with ring block with 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride theloresectoscopy was performed to relive the obstruction at the tip, mid and base of the teat. After the treatment with theloresectoscopy ultrasonographic images on the 5th postoperative day confirmed the reduction in the size of the lesions. Theloscopicelectroresection was a minimally invasive procedure, which can be performed by a single person and aided in restoring the esthetic appearance of the teat, anatomical and functional capacity, milk ability and quality of milk within a short period of time with minimum complications. Even though it was expensive and required expertisation, it should be considered as an alternative to conventional surgical methods in valuable dairy cows
Linear Dimensional Changes and Water Sorption of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material Reinforced with Chopped Glass Fibers or Metal Fillers
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine and compare the linear dimensional changes, and water sorption of a denture base polymer reinforced with chopped glass fiber and metal filler. The dimensional changes were measured immediately after processing, after 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days of water storage. The results revealed that both types of reinforcement affect the dimensional accuracy and water sorption of the test specimens. The greatest dimensional accuracy was found with the glass fiber reinforced test specimens. The lowest amount of water sorption was found with the metal-filled test specimens. It was concluded that, metal fillers decreased the water sorption of the resin material greater than the effect of glass fibers, while the glass fibers showed marked reduction in the linear dimensional changes of acrylic resin than that of the metal fillers. The glass fibers and metal fillers can be clinically used as a denture base reinforcement
Ultra Sound Scanning and the Internet of Things: A Theoretical Model
Get PDFNowadays, men have achieved extraordinarily high level of scientific achievements in all areas of disciplines. Considering the vast majority of scientific innovations that dictate man’s everyday life, it is easily to deduce the common factor of them: The well Known Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is gaining attention from governments to companies and consumers alike, due to its potential to control and manipulate everything that surrounds the world. Yet, extensive research is needed, so as to obtain optimal, secure use of new applications. In this study, we hypothesize a machine (M) which is plugged and connected to the Internet. The target is to unlock its operational system and retrieve the stored information. Two devices (D1,D2) will be used to decode the M system. D1 will emit high frequency ultrasound signals scanning the M entirely, using a specific common Language of IoT (CLoIoT) which will be developed in this work, while D2 (often D2 = D1) will receive the feedback and decode the transferred information. The CLoIoT is based on the creation of sequential sinusoidal algorithms. The unlocking of M will take place through discovering the operational digital “frequencyâ€, under the continuous Nano-scanning of the device. It is a process termed as a lock-ultrasound-Key effect
Preclinical and Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Faramir Treatment: A Novel Anti-Retroviral Drug
Get PDFBackground: Alternative treatment is generally used from the first reporting of HIV/AIDS. Introduction of new herbal drugs with antiviral properties may be a significant contribution towards treating HIV-positive patients. This survey was thus conducted in order to evaluate preclinical toxicology, clinical safety and efficacy of Faramir.Objective: To evaluate preclinical and the clinical safety and efficacy of “Faramirâ€Methods: In the first stage, carried out in 2011, toxicity tests were examined on three groups of six male rats administered different dosages of the drug. In the second stage, Phase II clinical trial with Faramir was conducted at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Center at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran from February 2012, as a single arm clinical trial. After checking inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven HIV-positive patients received the treatment with Faramir tablets containing 330 mg three times a day for six months. The patients were evaluated for the treatment efficacy and the possible adverse effects. Patients were also followed for six months after the treatment duration. Laboratory tests and CD4 counts were checked each month and viral load was measured each three months. Adherence to treatment, clinical observations and adverse effects were registered each month.Results: In the toxicity tests, gavages’ administration up to 2 gm/kg showed no poisonous effect or mortality after 72 hours. Viral load decreased significantly after receiving the treatment duration (P=0.028). The effect of Faramir on viral load showed a decrease of virus number in three patients as undetectable. Faramir did not show any serious adverse effects except mild skin rashes in three people (42.9%), distension in two people (28.6%), diarrhea in two people (28.6%), stomach burn in one person (14.3%), local dry skin in one person (14.3%) and itching in one person (14.3%) which were improved without discontinuation of the drug. The symptoms disappeared with necessary treatments.Conclusions: In this stage, some evidence was found in support of the efficacy and safety of Faramir. Implementation of phase III clinical trial is recommended
Experience of Nursing Students in Mental Health Training in Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: In Kenya, there are few psychiatric nurses available to provide mental health services. Few students pursue psychiatric nursing specialty.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting psychiatric clinical experience of students of nursing during mental health nursing placement and its influence on the choice of psychiatric nursing specialty training.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 241 participants was carried out in 3 universities and 6 diploma training colleges in Kenya. Cluster and systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.Results: Based on two-sided t-test, a significant relationship existed between value of mental health and willingness to pursue psychiatric nursing. Students who liked psychiatric nursing had a higher mean in the domain of value of mental health with a mean of 4.8 (95% CI= 4.7-4.9) unlike their counterparts with a mean of 4.5 (95% CI=4.4-4.6); p<0.0001. A significant relationship between the willingness to pursue mental health and preparation for mental health clinical placement existed. Students who had a valuable experience were willing to pursue mental health and they had a higher mean of 2.9 (95% CI = 2.9-3.0, p<0.0001).Conclusion: The findings from this study show that psychiatric experience of students influences the desire of a student to pursue the specialty. All people responsible with the training of students should ensure that the students have a pleasant psychiatric experience