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Cervical And Vaginal/Vulvar Malignancies Risk In Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Get PDFObjective: Given recent concerns about cervical dysplasia with RA medications, we performed a literature review and a pooled analysis to examine the relative risk of cervical and vaginal cancers in RA.Methods: We conducted a literature search covering 2007- 2014. A pooled analysis was conducted: the total numbers of cancers expected and observed across all studies were respectively summed for different cancer types (cervical and vaginal/vulvar cancers). As some studies pooled vaginal and vulvar cancers together, we did not discern between the two for the purpose of this study. Using these pooled estimates, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated, demonstrating the relative risk of the cancers in RA, versus the general population.Results: Our search strategy retrieved 13 papers. Our pooled SIR estimates were 0.82, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.73-0.92 for cervical cancer in RA and 1.04, 95% CI 0.80-1.34 for vaginal/vulvar cancer in RA.Conclusion: Our simple pooled analysis was consistent with a relatively lower cervical cancer risk in RA versus the general population, while the data did not establish if the risk of vaginal/vulvar cancer was different from the general population. Cervical cancer screening in RA will continue to be important, particularly as evolving treatment strategies may affect future risk
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Pathogenesis and Role of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis and Surveillance
Get PDFCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is an entity unique to the cardiac transplant patients and remains the leading cause of mortality after the first year of transplantation causing chronic allograft rejection. It is an accelerated form of coronary artery disease, occurring diffusely, starting from the small distal vessels and ultimately extending to intramyocardial and epicardial vessels of the allograft. Multiple traditional metabolic risk factors known to cause atherosclerosis have been identified as a trigger for CAV. Moreover, several nontraditional environmental risk factors such as viral infections, donor’s age, underlying cardiac disease and mechanism of donor brain death have also been implicated. The pathogenesis of CAV is complex with involvement of both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms and still remains poorly understood. Clinical diagnosis of CAV is difficult as symptoms of angina are usually lacking because of denervated nature of the allograft and it is identified when the graft is already compromised. Currently, invasive testing stands as the gold standard for its diagnosis; however its utility has been questioned. Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a promising noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of CAV. This review discusses the risk factors, pathogenesis and diagnosis of CAV and utility of CCTA in its diagnosis and surveillance
Review on the Relationship of Climate Change and Prevalence of Animal Diseases
No full textClimate change is a subset of the larger set of ecosystem change that is promoting the emergence and re emergence of animal diseases. It affects livestock health through several pathways. These includes effects on pathogens, such as higher temperatures affecting the rate of development of pathogens or parasites; effects on hosts, such as shifts in disease distribution that may affect susceptible animal populations; effects on vectors, such as changes in rainfall and temperature regimes that can affect both the distribution and the abundance of disease vectors; and effects on epidemiology, like altered transmission rates between hosts, food safety and animal production. Furthermore, Climate change influences the emergence and proliferation of disease hosts or vectors and pathogens and their breeding, development and disease transmission. Consequently, it affects distributions, host–parasite relationships and its assemblages to new areas. Indirectly the climate change can affect quantity and quality of fodder crops, animal production, severity and distribution of diseases in both domestic and wild animal that result in their migrations. Most developing countries are highly vulnerable to this climatic impact. From this developing countries Ethiopia is the one that faces recurrent drought due to climate change in its different parts that ends in economic crises. Even though this climatic change causes different economic impacts in the country, a few researches were conducted on it. Now climate models suggest that Ethiopia will see a further warming of between 0.7°C and 2.3°C by the 2020s and between 1.4°C and 2.9°C by the 2050s. So that, it is important to create awareness for the society how climatic change can occurred and result in prevalence of infectious animal disease that end up with economic crises of the country
Estimation of Caffeine in Tea Samples of Southern Region of India
No full textCaffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine derivative that closely related to adenine and guanine. Caffeine is used to reduce physical fatigue and to prevent or treat drowsiness. It produces increased wakefulness and focus, improves thought-processing, and better general body coordination. The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies from person to person, depending on body size and degree of tolerance. Hence, it is of importance to estimate the quantity of caffeine present in various types of tea and coffee products. Accordingly, a simple and efficient approach has been done on a variety of tea samples from various places in the southern region of India to understand the quantity of caffeine with respect to the region of cultivation. Among the samples from Nilgiris/ Valparai/ Kodaikanal of Tamilnadu, Munnar of Kerala, and Coorg of Karnataka, the Garden green tea from Coorg (Sample 8) is the best in terms of caffeine quantity (2.37%)
Medicinal Chemistry of Brazil Nuts: An Overview
Get PDFBrazil nuts are very consumed in the North of Brazil as well in other regions. Those nuts are rich in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as essential and non-essential aminoacid residues, selenium, tocopherols and phytosterols. Although some studies pointed out some protective effect of Brazil nuts against cancer, in fact the best evidence supports cardiometabolic protection by regular ingestion of 1 nut per day
Conference Issue-2nd International Conference on Autoimmunity 2018; Where have we Gotten to?
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Word Processing Deficits in Persons with Right Hemisphere Damage: Evidence from in-Depth Analyses of Verbal Fluency Tasks
No full textThe role of the right hemisphere (RH) in word processing continues to interest the neuroscientists. Occasional explorations of the word retrieval functions of the RH with verbal fluency tasks have shown poor performance in persons with right hemisphere damage (RHD). However, there are differing views on the mechanism underlying the poor performance in this population. Some investigations attribute the deficient performance on verbal fluency task to the lexico-semantic deficits, whereas, others ascribe it to deficient cognitive agility. To illustrate these differing views, we performed in-depth analyses of (i.e., accuracy scores, clusters, switches, & time course of word retrieval) a group of 22 participants with RHD on eight semantic and three phoneme fluency tasks. Comparisons with the neuro-typical participants yielded evidence in favor of the linguistic rather than cognitive deficits as the mechanism behind poor word retrieval skills in persons with RHD
Sleep Attacks with Associated Sleep Terrors in a Six Year Old Thoroughbred Gelding
No full textA six year old thoroughbred gelding presented with a two year history of somnolence and altered behavior of two years duration. In the three months immediately preceding presentation episodes of sleep attacks and accompanying sleep terrors were observed. There had been no evidence of recumbent or paradoxical sleep during this period. An examination of the upper airways revealed evidence of palatal instability (PI). An oral palatopharyngoplasty (OPP) was performed to reduce this instability (PI). Clinical observations in the eight months following surgery suggested a possible link between PI, upper airways obstruction (UAO) and a horse’s ability to achieve adequate paradoxical sleep
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infection among Patients Attending to the Endoscopic Clinic at Al-Thowrah Hospital in Sana'a City, Yemen
Get PDFBackground: Hepatitis B and C are major public health problems worldwide. It is generally believed that hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are highly prevalent in the Republic of Yemen.Aim: to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection among patients attending the endoscopic clinic at Al-Thowrah hospital in Sana'a City, Yemen.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients attending to the endoscopic clinic at Al-Thowrah hospital in Sana'a city from January to December 2017. 1592 patients attending the endoscopic clinic at Al-Thowrah hospital were selected. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire were administered as a face to face interview. The questionnaire was included the following data: demographic data (age, sex, and marital status), and laboratory tests (HBsAg and HCV antibodies).Results: Overall 95.1% of the patients had never been exposed to HBV or HCV infections while 3.4% had HBsAg and 1.5% had HCV infection. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among patients according to sex showed that in male 46.2% of the patients had HBsAg and 12.8% had HCV antibodies compared to 23.1% of the patients had HBsAg and 17.9% had HCV infection in females.Conclusions: It is essential to promote awareness of these risks among everyone
Institutional Audit on Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
No full textBackground: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is commonly used in the management of large upper renal tract stones. It is highly effective but carries a greater risk of significant morbidity than less invasive treatment options such as ureteroscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyAims and Objectives: To analyse contemporary PCNL practice within our institute with an emphasis on outcome measures, including stone free and reduced complication rates and compare our data with previously published series.Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 145 patients from January 2015 to June 2016 in Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences who underwent PCNL procedure as per standard protocols. Effectiveness was assessed by stone-free rates and safety according to complications including blood transfusion, fever, and sepsis ratesResults: From January 2015 to June 2016, data on 145 patients who had PCNL procedures were collected. A total 17 of 145 procedures (11.7%) were for staghorncalculi, 84 (58%) for stones >2 cm, 41(28.3%) for stones 1–2 cm, and 3 (2.1%) for stones<1 cm. Complete stone clearance has been achieved in more than three fourth of the cases (76.6.%). Totally tubeless procedures were not associated with higher complication rates but did lead to a significant reduction in median length of stay (3 d vs 1.5 d; p <0.0001). Blood transfusion was required in 10 of 145 patients (6.4%). The incidence of postoperative fever was 19% and of sepsis was 4%.Conclusion: The PCNL data registry is a unique resource providing vital information on current practice and critical outcome data. Using the registry, endourologists can audit their practice against national outcome data for this benchmark procedure. It will help surgeons counsel patients during consent for this complex endourologic procedure about the possible outcome in their hands