Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis
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Pharmacy Staff's Recommendations for Self-Medication Requests on Non-Infectious Productive Cough: A Study in Padang City, Indonesia
Full text linkCough is a physiological reflex to liberate the airway from mucus or foreign objects. Many cough medicines in pharmacies require special expertise to select the proper medication according to the patient's condition. This research aims to evaluation recommendations of drugs for non-productive cough for self-medication from pharmacy staff in Kuranji subdistrict, Padang City. A cross-sectional study with total sampling techniques is used for collecting data. This research uses a structured interview technique with the main question, what medicine would pharmacy staff recommend if an adult patient comes with a productive cough without any symptoms of infection? There are 30 pharmacies in Kuranji subdistrict, but data that meets the inclusion criteria is only from 25 pharmacies because five pharmacies are not willing to be research sites. Those who were willing to take part in this research were 16 pharmacists and nine non-pharmacist staff. Only 37.5% (6 of 16) of correct drug recommendations were given by pharmacists, and 33.3% (3 of 9) of proper drug recommendations were provided by non-pharmacist staff. There are still many things that could be improved in drug recommendations for this case, with a total average of correct administration of only 36%. The proper drug choices were Bromhexin and Acetylcysteine, while other drugs that were incorrectly chosen were drugs that should have been given with a doctor's prescription, branded drugs with more than one active ingredient , herbs or not the drug of choice for now.There are still many mistakes in the medicine choice, with an average total of only 36% accurate recommendations
Correlation between Family Support and Health Professional Education on Tuberculosis Patient Compliance at Public Health Centers Tasikmalaya
Full text linkTuberculosis prevalence in Indonesia is still high, as 824,000 people are infected with Tuberculosis (Indonesia Basic Health Research 2022). This shows that Tuberculosis is still difficult to control due to various factors, including patient compliance. Patient compliance can be influenced by family support and health professional’s education about Tuberculosis therapy, which plays an important role in increasing knowledge of correct therapy for patients and families. This study examines the influence of family support and health professional education on tuberculosis patient compliance. This is a descriptive study with the cross-sectional method. Data was collected from 52 Tuberculosis patients who met the inclusion criteria using a questionnaire. The result shows that family support and health professional education had very good scores (84.6% and 46.2%) on Tuberculosis patients. This affects patient compliance is very good (82.7%). Based on correlation results, it shows that there is a direct influence of family support (p-value<0.05). At the same time, there is an indirect influence of health professional education on patient compliance (p-value>0.05). This shows that family support has a greater direct influence than health professional education on tuberculosis patients’ compliance. However, health professionals still play an important role because the patient's family also receives education from health professionals
Aktivitas pegagan (Centella asiatica) pada dermatologi
No full textPegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is a herbal plant used in dermatology that has activity in treating skin diseases and skin lesions such as excoriations, burns, hypertrophic scars, antioxidants, anti-aging, skin whitening, and as a cosmetic ingredient. This review aims to collect data regarding the activity of Centella asiatica herb extracts in dermatology in both preclinical and clinical trial identification is done by searching literature through media Science Direct and Google Scholar using the keywords ''Centella asiatica'', ''Gotu kola'', ''dermatology'', ''cosmetics'', and ''whitening''. The search was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set. The literature results show that the chemical constituents of Centella asiatica, such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid, are phytochemicals that play an essential role in the pharmacological activity of Centella asiatica in dermatology as a treatment and skin care. In both preclinical and clinical tests, it was shown that administration of Centella asiatica was capable of proliferating fibroblasts, activating the Smads pathway, increasing collagen synthesis, reducing metalloproteinase activity by increasing collagen deposition, and reducing melanin content in melanocytes so that it can modulate melanogenesis by inhibiting the expression of tyrosinase mRNA
Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Metformin-GlimepirideTerhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RS Universitas Andalas
No full textDiabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang bersifat progresif dan ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat disfungsi sel pankreas dan resistensi insulin. Penderita diabetes mellitus menjalani terapi farmakologi seumur hidup, oleh karena itu diperlukan biaya yang besar terkait pengobatan tersebut. Estimasi beban ekonomi diabetes melitus di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 yaitu $1,27 M. Sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis efektivitas biaya untuk membuat keputusan mengenai pemilihan obat dengan -efektifitas yang baikdan biaya yang minimal. Penelitian analisis efektivitas biaya ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai Rasio Inkremental Efektivitas Biaya (RIEB) terapi antidiabetes kelompok metformin tunggal dan kombinasi metformin-glimepirid pada pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien. Data yang digunakan berjumlah 114 dari 439 populasi. Dari 114 sampel penelitian, diperoleh sebanyak 23 sampel (20,18%) menerima terapi metformin tunggal dan 91 sampel (79,82%) menerima terapi metformin-glimepirid. Nilai RIEB untuk kadar glukosa darah puasa yaitu Rp 1.284,74 setiap penurunan 1 mg/dl. Penggunaan metformin-glimepirid membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar dibandingkan pemakaian metformin tunggal namun efek yang dihasilkan juga lebih baik
Penambatan Molekul dan Dinamika Molekul beberapa Fitokimia dari Acalypha Indica L. sebagai Inhibitor Matriks Metalloproteinase9
Full text linkBerbagai efek farmakologis telah dikaji terhadap ekstrak dan islolat dari Acalypha Indica L. terutama terkait dengan aktifitas anti kanker. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP9 merupakan contoh yang sangat baik dari kelompok proteinase terpenting yang terlibat dalam sel metastatic/kanker. MMP9 telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai macam penyakit, termasuk sistem pernapasan, sistem autoimun, dan bahkan kanker. Maka dari itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan senyawa pemandu dari beberapa fitokimia Acalypha Indica L. yang bertanggung jawab dalam migrasi sel dengan menggunakan penambatan molekul dan dinamika molekul. Ligan ditambatkan ke situs aktif struktur kristal MMP9 (PDB ID: 5UE4) menggunakan aplikasi AutoDock Release 4.2.6. Proses penambatan molekul divalidasi dengan melakukan penambatan ulang ligan alami pada sisi aktif MMP9. Selanjutnya, menggunakan GROMACS dilakukan simulasi dinamika molekul (MD) ditandem dengan algoritma gmx_MMGBSA dan gmx_MMGBSA_ana untuk menghitung energi ikatan dan kontribusi residu terhadap terhadap kestabilan kompleks. Hasil menunjukkan hanya satu ligan dari 36 ligan yang dievaluasi tidak mampu berikatan dengan sisi aktif MMP9, dan enam dari ligan mampu mengikatnya lebih negatif daripada ligan alami. Kompleks dengan ligan S54 dan S56 yang memiliki energi paling negatif tetapi dari sisi parameter lainnya, kompleks S56 paling stabil. Dapat disimpulkan, g-sitosterol asetat (S56) memiliki potensi untuk berfungsi sebagai senyawa pemandu untuk MMP
The Effect of Arumanis Mango Rind (Mangifera indica L) Extract as Antidiabetic in Rats Model
Full text linkArumanis mango (Mangifera indica L) rind is one of the organic wastes containing flavonoid compounds. The objectives of this study were to find out the effect of arumanis mango rind extract on alloxan-induced blood glucose reduction in rats, to find out the most effective dose for reducing the levels of blood glucose in diabetic rats, and to find out the histopathology of the pancreas in diabetic rats.We used experimental method. In this study, 24 rats were divided into six groups consisting of I negative control, II positive control, III, IV, V different doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW and VI comparison group ( glibenclamide ). Groups II to VI were administered alloxan at 150 mg/kg BW for 3 days, and then the extract was administered to each group for 14 days, except group II. The levels of blood glucose were measured using a glucometer via the capillary of rat’s tail, before and after induction and after administration of extract to all groups. The results are analyzed by the one-way ANOVA it showed significantly different results (p< 0.05 ). The extract of arumanis mango rind in all doses, had an effect on decreasing the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats effectively in dose of 400 mg/kg BW ( group V ) and histopathology desricptive results showed that arumanis mango rind extract could reduce damage to the pancreatic islet of Langerhans with histopathology of the exocrine glands and endocrine glands at group V was better than at group III and IV.Arumanis mango (Mangifera indica L) rind is one of the organic wastes containing flavonoid compounds. The objectives of this study were to find out the effect of arumanis mango rind extract on alloxan-induced blood glucose reduction in rats, to find out the most effective dose for reducing the levels of blood glucose in diabetic rats, and to find out the histopathology of the pancreas in diabetic rats.We used experimental method. In this study, 24 rats were divided into six groups consisting of I negative control, II positive control, III, IV, V different doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW and VI comparison group ( glibenclamide ). Groups II to VI were administered alloxan at 150 mg/kg BW for 3 days, and then the extract was administered to each group for 14 days, except group II. The levels of blood glucose were measured using a glucometer via the capillary of rat’s tail, before and after induction and after administration of extract to all groups. The results are analyzed by the one-way ANOVA it showed significantly different results (p< 0.05 ). The extract of arumanis mango rind in all doses, had an effect on decreasing the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats effectively in dose of 400 mg/kg BW ( group V ) and histopathology desricptive results showed that arumanis mango rind extract could reduce damage to the pancreatic islet of Langerhans with histopathology of the exocrine glands and endocrine glands at group V was better than at group III and IV
Kajian Peresepan pada Pasien Geriatri dengan Gangguan Sistem Endokrin
Full text linkPertambahan usia dapat mempengaruhi kinerja fungsi organ tubuh dan berdampak terhadap rentannya populasi geriatri terserang penyakit, diantaranya adalah gangguan pada sistem endokrin. Geriatri memiliki resiko lebih besar untuk mendapatkan terapi polifarmasi sehubungan dengan penyakit dan komplikasi yang dideritanya. Polifarmasi dapat meningkatkan resiko peresepan obat yang tidak tepat atau Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hasil kajian peresepan obat pada pasien geriatri dengan diagnosis gangguan endokrin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain penelitian menggunakan desain cross–sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari 211 rekam medis pasien geriatri yang dirawat inap di salah satu rumah sakit rujukan di Bantul, Indonesia dengan diagnosis gangguan pada sistem endokrin periode tahun 2018. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik systematic random sampling dengan analisis data mengacu pada Beers Criteria 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 135 (63,9%) pasien dengan peresepan PIMs berdasarkan Beers Criteria 2019 dengan persentase obat terbesar adalah furosemide sebanyak 65 (30,8%) pasien. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa PIMs pada pasien geriatri dengan gangguan sistem endokrin tergolong tinggi sehingga membutuhkan perhatian dari tenaga kesehatan agar peresepan obat dapat aman dan efektif
Kosmetik Rambut menurut Ibn Sina dalam Al-Qanun fi'l-Tibb II; Komponen Kimia dan aktivitasnya - Review
Full text linkBuku Al-Qanun Fi’l Tibb merupakan karya Ibnu Sina mengenai prinsip – prinsip pengobatan yang disusun dalam 5 jilid dan telah digunakan sebagai dasar –dasar pengobatan dan menjadi kurikulum dalam pendidikan kedokteran dan farmasi sampai abad ke 18. Salah satu dari rangkaian buku tersebut yaitu jilid ke_2 disusun oleh Ibn Sina berupa materia medika yang menguraikan aktivitas dan khasiat, cara penggunaan, dan karakteristik serta deskripsi sebanyak 790 bahan obat tunggal berasal dari tanaman, hewan dan bahan alam lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi komponen metabolit sekunder utama yang terkandung di dalam tanaman yang berdasarkan hasil pengujian Ibnu Sina memiliki aktivitas sebagai kosmetik rambut. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tanaman - tanaman tersebut mengandung komponen metabolit sekunder utama diantaranya terpen, asam fenolat, flavonoid, asam lemak, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, kuinon, dan feniletanoid glikosida. Tanaman dengan komponen utama berupa terpenoid berjumlah 9 tanaman, asam fenolat sebanyak 5 tanaman, flavonoid, asam lemak, alkaloid, dan tannin masing – masing 4 tanaman, senyawa kuinon saponin dan feniletanoid glikosida masing -masing sebanyak 1 tanaman
Application of Home Medication Review (HMR) on Patient Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Blood Sugar Management
Full text linkNon-adherence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in treatment will impact expected clinical outcomes, risk of complications, and poor quality of life. Home medication review (HMR) is designed to help achieve optimal treatment, such as patient adherence. This study aimed to determine adherence levels and T2DM blood sugar management. This study with a pretest-posttest control group design was carried out at Andalas Public Health Center, Padang City, West Sumatra-Indonesia with 62 randomly selected respondents and then divided into two groups (pillbox and non-pillbox). The adherence levels were assessed by the pill count method. Changes in blood sugar levels are associated with adherence levels. The results showed an increase in the T2DM adherence level of patients using the pillbox at 7.360% and a decrease in blood sugar levels in those who used the pillbox at 61.161 mg/dL. There was a significant difference in the adherence between patients' levels using the pillbox and non-pillbox with a value of 0.011 (p <0.05). Similarly, the patient's blood sugar levels between the two groups showed a significant difference with a value of 0.007 (p<0.05). The application of HMR to patient adherence is considered to have a role in managing T2DM blood sugar
Drugs Related Problems (DRPs) Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) Di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil
Full text linkPenyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal secara ireversibel yang dapat mempengaruhi proses eliminasi obat dari dalam tubuh. Drugs Related Problems (DRPs) merupakan suatu peristiwa terkait pengobatan bersifat aktual ataupun potensial yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil terapi pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase kejadian DRPs dan hubungan antara kejadian DRPs dengan kondisi pulang pasien didiagnosis PGK. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui rekam medis pasien pada tahun 2021. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan uji korelasi Spearman Rank. Sebanyak 74 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 44 pasien laki-laki (59,46%) dan 30 pasien perempuan (40,54%). Rentang usia pasien PGK terbanyak adalah 46-55 tahun, yakni 22 pasien (29,73%). Ditemukan kejadian DRPs yakni indikasi tanpa terapi pada 7 pasien (35%), dosis obat kurang pada 1 pasien (5%), dan dosis obat berlebih pada 12 pasien (60%). Pada penelitian ini 67 orang pasien (90,54%) pulang dengan kondisi perbaikan, 5 orang pasien (6,76%) pulang dengan kondisi belum sembuh, dan 2 orang pasien (2,74%) meninggal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada terdapat kejadian DRPs meliputi indikasi tanpa terapi, dosis obat kurang, dan dosis obat berlebih yang ditemukan pada pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) dalam penelitian ini. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kejadian DRPs dengan kondisi pulang pasien (p>0,05)