Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Protocolo para germinação e micropropagação in vitro de Himatanthus Sucuuba (Spruce ex Müll. arg.) Woodson
Full text linkHimatanthus sucuuba is important in folk medicine and is widely used as an antitumor, antifungal, vermifuge and anti-anemic agent1. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop a protocol for in vitro germination and micropropagation of H. sucuuba. The seeds were immersed in a 1.0% (v/v) Cabrio Top solution for one hour on a magnetic stirrer and then in a 0.1% (v/v) diluted NaOCl solution for 30 minutes under agitation, followed by immersion in 70% alcohol for 1 minute. Subsequently, the seeds were rinsed four times with sterile distilled water and then inoculated in MS medium supplemented with the auxins AIA, ANA and AIB at concentrations of 0.0; 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 mg L-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, using 10 treatments with 3 replicates of 10 seeds (n = 30). It was observed that the MS medium supplemented with IAA (5.0 mg L-1) resulted in 80% germination and seedlings with 5.97 cm in height and 4.2 nodal segments. To stimulate rooting, the nodal segments were cut and inoculated in MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.1 mg L-1) and in interaction with the auxins IAA, 2,4-D and ANA, at concentrations of 0.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 8.0 mg L-1 and kept in a growth room at 25 ± 2 °C, with a photoperiod of 16 h. The combination BAP+IAA (0.1 + 8.0 mg L-1) showed the best results with 100% sprouting, 40% callus formation and 30% rooting. In conclusion, in vitro propagation is a promising technique to produce H. sucuuba seedlings, however, hormonal adjustments are necessary.Himatanthus sucuuba possui importância na medicina popular e é amplamente utilizada como antitumoral, antifúngica, vermífuga e anti-anêmica. Nesse contexto, objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver protocolo de germinação e micropropagação in vitro de H. sucuuba. As sementes foram imersas em solução de Cabrio Top 1,0% (v/v) por uma hora em agitador magnético e depois em solução de NaOCl diluída a 0,1% (v/v) durante 30 minutos sob agitação, seguido de imersão em álcool 70% por 1 minuto, posteriormente as sementes foram enxaguadas quatro vezes com água destilada estéril, depois foram inoculadas em meio MS suplementados com as auxinas AIA, ANA e AIB, nas concentrações de 0,0; 1,0; 3,0; 5,0 mg L-1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, utilizando 10 tratamentos com 3 repetições de 10 sementes (n=30). Foi observado que o meio MS suplementado com AIA (5,0 mg L-1) resultou em 80% de germinação e plântulas com 5,97 cm de altura e 4,2 segmentos nodais. Para estimular o enraizamento, os segmentos nodais foram cortados e inoculados em meio MS acrescido de BAP (0,1 mg L-1) e em interação com as auxinas AIA, 2,4-D e ANA, nas concentrações de 0,0; 3,0; 5,0 e 8,0 mg L-1 e, mantidos em sala de crescimento a 25 ± 2 °C, com fotoperíodo de 16 h. A combinação BAP+AIA (0,1 + 8,0 mg L-1) apresentou os melhores resultados com 30% de enraizamento, 100% de brotações e 40% de formação de calos. Em conclusão, a propagação in vitro é uma técnica promissora para produção de mudas in vitro de H. succuba
Distinctive signs as an alternative for the revitalization of the productive system of ocañera onion (Allium cepa L.): An analysis of scientific trends
Full text linkThe current context of agribusiness is framed by three major drivers: business models based on bioeconomy and circular economy; mechanisms that ensure quality, safety, and traceability throughout the supply chain; and aspects of the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. The latter has become a differential factor for both comparative and competitive advantage and is recognized as a potential enabler or constraint for the positioning of primary, minimally processed, and transformed agricultural products. In the case of Ocañera red onion as a primary product, access to distinctive signs covered by the TRIPS agreement, such as denomination of origin or geographical indication, would benefit the promotion of its cultivation, protect trade against homologous varieties from neighboring countries introduced without restriction, and facilitate the promotion of characteristics related to its bioactive and functional components beyond organoleptic properties. For this research, a methodological design based on mixed methods of scientometrics, systematic literature review, and qualitative meta-analysis was implemented, aimed at identifying research trends in distinctive signs for primary agricultural products. From these trends and focusing on specific information about vegetables, enabling and restrictive factors related to distinctive signs were identified. These factors were used to analyze homologous cases of distinctive signs reported for primary agricultural products of the Allium genus. Finally, key factors were classified into five categories related to regulations, product added value characteristics, territory specificities, available technologies for origin and quality assessment, and market dynamics and merged in a five-step route to undertake a certification process for distinctive signs for Ocañera red onion
An effective disinfection protocol for contamination control in vitro establishment of Mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) and identification of endogenous microbes
Full text linkThe Vaccinium genus consists of a variety of berries with high nutritious components consumed worldwide leading to the development of micropropagation protocols to supply the demand. Mortiño, the Andean Blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) is a wild berry that grows in high-altitude grasslands with nutritious and commercial potential in Ecuador. In this study, the use of PPMTM (Plant Preservative Mixture™) was effective controlling contamination for the in vitro establishment of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth in contrast to a conventional method using EtOH and Clorox. Stems were defoliated and cut into 1 cm segments, then immersed in liquid MS (Murashige & Skoog) supplemented with 5% v/v PPMTM without pH adjustment for 5 hours under constant shaking. After immersion, segments were transferred to flasks containing WPM (Woody Plant Media) medium supplemented with an additional 2 mlL-1 PPMTM. Persistent microbial contaminants in the in vitro explants were isolated and identified through molecular methods and gene sequences analyzed using the GenBank database resulted in the identification of three bacterial species: Methylobacterium sp., Methylobacterium radiotolerans, and Bacillus pumilus. In addition, three fungal species were also discovered: Xylaria sp., Xylaria feejeensis, and Diaporthe lutecens. Additionally, a multiplication assay was made with the aseptic stems from the sterilization protocol to evaluate four different growth regulators: 2ip, kinetin, zeatin and meta-topolin. kinetin showed very low responses with a mean of 1.2 shoots per stem. The highest number of shoots per stem (9 shoots) was obtained with 5 mg L-1 2ip. The use of zeatin and meta-topolin facilitated shoot proliferation with the following concentrations: 3 mg L-1 zeatin + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid) and 3 mg L-1 Meta-topolin + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. These findings demonstrate the successful establishment of an in vitro disinfection and multiplication protocol for V. floribundum. 
Red neuronal densa para la clasificación de llamadas de dos especies de ranas cristal
Full text linkThis document presents the application of machine learning (ML) for the classification of calls from glass frog species, Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Hf) and Espadarana prosoblepon (Ep) based on audio recordings. For this, a dataset of acoustic data obtained through frequency manipulation (+4 semitones for Hf and -4 semitones for Ep) and the incorporation of environmental noise (white noise/pink noise) was used. The ML model was trained with original and modified frog calls in order to distinguish the calls under variations in the acoustic signals. Model evaluation was carried out using F1-score, precision, and recall metrics. The results show the model's ability to classify frog calls with high accuracy (98%).En este documento se presenta la aplicación de aprendizaje automático (AA) para la clasificación de llamadas de las especies de rana cristal, Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Hf) y Espadarana prosoblepon (Ep) a partir de grabaciones de audio. Para esto se ha utilizado un dataset de datos acústicos obtenidos por medio de la manipulación de frecuencias (+4 semitonos para Hf y -4 semitonos para Ep) y la incorporación de ruidos ambientales (white noise/pink noise). El modelo de AA se ha entrenado con llamadas de ranas originales y modificadas con el objetivo de poder distinguir las llamadas ante variaciones en las señales acústicas. La evaluación del modelo se ha realizado mediante el uso de las métricas F1-score, precisión y recall. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la capacidad del modelo para clasificar con precisión (98 %) las llamadas de ranas
Conculcación de integridad física de trabajadores en gobiernos locales por falta de implementación de seguridad y salud ocupacional
Full text linkEste estudio tiene como objetivo primordial, analizar la conculcación de la integridad física de trabajadores en gobiernos locales por falta de implementación de seguridad y salud ocupacional en el distrito de Huancarani, 2024. Con respecto a la metodología utilizada en el presente estudio se realizó a través del enfoque cualitativo, de tipo básico y teniendo como diseño el estudio de caso. Asimismo, se complementa con un diseño fenomenológico, en donde se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista de 06 participantes, entre los cuales se encontraban personal legal y personal encargado en proponer y promover normas y regulaciones que protejan la integridad de los trabajadores. Con respecto a los resultados, se demostró que falta el acceso o conocimiento de la ley y su cumplimiento, asi mismo se obtuvo que por parte de personal legal recien se está implementando un comité de seguridad laboral, asi mismo un reglamento interno con la intención de cumplir la ley, proteger la integridad física del personal, y básicamente para que no se vulnere el derecho de los trabajadores
Importancia de biopsia por enteroscopia intraoperatoria en diagnóstico de enfermedad de Crohn: Reporte de caso
Full text linkCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with no “gold standard” for diagnosis. This report, describing the case of a 31-year-old woman with Turner syndrome and chronic recurrence of bloody diarrhea, emphasizes timely diagnosis by intraoperative enteroscopy. The patient, in addition to diarrheal symptoms, presented abdominal pain and severe anemia, which were initially misdiagnosed as celiac disease and then as intestinal tuberculosis. After multiple tests and treatments, a biopsy by intraoperative enteroscopy identified chronic granulomatous ileitis, confirming the diagnosis of CD. This finding was crucial to adjust treatment and significantly improve symptoms. The case highlights the importance of accurate diagnostic evaluation in patients with complex comorbidities and the value of intraoperative enteroscopy in diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases. The main lessons learned are the need for a correct diagnosis to avoid unnecessary treatments and to optimize clinical management, which resulted in a substantial improvement in the patient's quality of life.La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal crónica sin un “gold standard” para su diagnóstico. Este reporte, que describe el caso de una mujer de 31 años con síndrome de Turner (ST) y recurrencia crónica de diarreas sanguinolentas, hace hincapié en el diagnóstico oportuno mediante enteroscopia intraoperatoria. La paciente, además de los cuadros diarreicos, presentó dolor abdominal y anemia severa, que inicialmente fueron diagnosticados erróneamente en un primer momento, como enfermedad celíaca y luego como tuberculosis intestinal. Tras múltiples pruebas y tratamientos, una biopsia mediante enteroscopia intraoperatoria permitió identificar ileitis crónica granulomatosa, confirmando el diagnóstico de EC. Este hallazgo fue crucial para ajustar el tratamiento y mejorar significativamente los síntomas. El caso subraya la importancia de una evaluación diagnóstica precisa en pacientes con comorbilidades complejas y el valor de la enteroscopia intraoperatoria en el diagnóstico de enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales. Las principales lecciones extraídas son la necesidad de un diagnóstico correcto para evitar tratamientos innecesarios y optimizar el manejo clínico, lo que resultó en una mejora sustancial en la calidad de vida de la paciente
The role of artificial intelligence in sustainable agriculture in Costa Rica: An integrated evaluation using structural equation modeling, text mining, and scenario analysis
Full text linkThis study examines the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in Costa Rica’s agricultural sector, emphasizing its potential to enhance sustainability, resource management, and market competitiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates structural equation modeling (SEM), multivariate regression analysis, text mining, and scenario analysis to provide a comprehensive evaluation of AI adoption. AI-driven solutions optimize key agricultural processes, including climate pattern prediction, soil condition monitoring, crop disease detection, and pest management. Quantitative findings indicate a strong correlation between AI adoption and improved productivity, economic benefits, and environmental conservation, particularly through optimized fertilizer and pesticide use and enhanced water management. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, limited digital infrastructure, and farmer resistance remain significant barriers. Text mining analysis reveals widespread concerns over data privacy, technical complexity, and financial investment, highlighting the importance of targeted training programs. Scenario analysis further suggests that government support and technological advancements could significantly accelerate AI adoption over the next decade. The study underscores the need for strategic partnerships among government agencies, educational institutions, and technology providers to bridge the digital divide and encourage AI adoption. These findings not only inform Costa Rican agricultural policy and innovation strategies but also provide a replicable model for other emerging economies aiming to integrate AI sustainably into agricultural systems
Tecnologías de precisión y su relación con la gestión de insumos agrícolas en el contexto de la sostenibilidad en regiones vulnerables
Full text linkThis research analyzes the relationship between the use of precision technologies and the management of agricultural inputs within the framework of sustainability. Structured surveys were conducted with 120 producers, addressing variables such as access to technology, training, technological integration, productivity, and barriers. Multiple linear regression, Spearman correlation, and cluster analysis were applied to identify the factors influencing efficient, environmentally responsible, and socioeconomically viable input management. The findings show that the Productivity and Sustainability dimension has a significant positive effect, while barriers and challenges have a negative influence. The model related to soil health (adjusted R² = 0.304) highlights the potential of precision technologies to enhance yield and reduce environmental impacts. However, structural limitations, such as high costs, insufficient infrastructure, and lack of training, were identified as major obstacles to adoption. The results emphasize the need for public policies, technical training programs, and support strategies to foster more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive agricultural systems aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.
Esta investigación examina la relación entre el uso de tecnologías de precisión con la gestión de insumos agrícolas dentro de un contexto de sostenibilidad. Se aplicaron encuestas estructuradas a 120 productores que describieron su acceso a tecnología, capacitación, integración tecnológica, productividad y barreras; se procesó la información mediante regresión lineal múltiple, correlación de Spearman y análisis de clúster para descubrir los factores que propician una gestión eficiente responsable con el ambiente y viable en lo socioeconómico de los insumos agrícolas. Se evidencia que la dimensión productividad y sostenibilidad impacta de manera positiva mientras que las barreras y desafíos lo hacen negativamente; además el modelo enfocado en la salud del suelo (R² ajustado = 0,304) demuestra que dichas tecnologías pueden elevar el rendimiento y disminuir los impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, los altos costos, la falta de infraestructura y la escasa capacitación, frenan su adopción; por lo que se propone impulsar políticas públicas, formación técnica y acompañamiento, para alcanzar sistemas agrícolas más sostenibles resilientes e inclusivos en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Enfoque educativo centrado en la metodología de debate para promover el avance del pensamiento crítico
Full text linkEl propósito de este estudio fue estimular la habilidad de análisis crítico en estudiantes mediante una estrategia educativa basada en la metodología de debate. Se expone detalladamente la concepción didáctica de la técnica de discusión y un diagnóstico minucioso. El pensamiento crítico permite tomar decisiones fundamentadas a partir de conocimientos y experiencias. La técnica de discusión actúa como catalizador de razonamientos investigativos y mejora la comunicación efectiva. La lectura amplía el pensamiento crítico, permitiendo explorar diversas realidades y enriquecer la toma de decisiones. En la investigación, el pensamiento crítico impulsa un análisis profundo, contribuyendo a la solidez de los estudios. Los resultados muestran que la estrategia educativa basada en la discusión estimula el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes
Relación del clima organizacional con el desempeño laboral en una dependencia de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Full text linkEl objetivo fue determinar la relación del clima organizacional con el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores del Centro Pre Universitario de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú-Huancayo 2023. (Dependencia de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú). La metodología de la investigación fue básica, no experimental, correlacional, tipo transversal. La población y muestra fueron de 30 empleados. Se aplicó una encuesta con 15 ítems para el clima organizacional y 15 para las dimensiones del desempeño laboral, con la escala de Likert (Siempre, casi siempre, A veces, casi nunca y nunca). Los resultados mostraron Casi siempre (95%) y Siempre (5 %) para el clima organizacional y desempeño laboral. Las valoraciones A veces fueron esporádicas y Casi nunca y nunca fueron nulas. Se concluye que se estableció una relación directa entre el clima organizacional y desempeño laboral con un coeficiente de correlación de Spearman Rho de 0,760**(Correlación positiva muy fuerte). El clima organizacional y su relación con las dimensiones del desempeño laboral mostraron las siguientes correlaciones: Con la Productividad un Rho: 0,643**; con la eficacia un Rho 0,760** y con la eficiencia laboral Rho de 0,760**. Luego el personal de esta dependencia universitaria, laboran con productividad, eficiencia y son eficientes