Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Indicator values for food shelf life prediction: A review
Get PDFThe short time that people have to cook their own food has led industries to satisfy the need for ready-to-eat products. This has motivated a progressive increase in studies that can determine the time at which the product can be safely consumed (shelf life). There are several methods for determining the shelf life of products; but regardless of the method used, the key is to know the minimum and/or maximum values of the indicators that define their deterioration. These values of spoilage indicators can change according to the compositional conditions of the food or the conditions under which it is stored during its shelf life. This review provides values for indicators used in tests for the determination of food shelf life, according to their nature, and environmental conditions, as way to be used by researchers as a reference in their predictions. The results of this research show scientific evidence through published articles about indicator values, their changes, referring to food shelf life kinetics. These values can be used for the prediction of food shelf life, for comparison purposes with their respective studies. It will be of importance for consumers, who will be able to use these values as a reference in the storage of these products. Shelf life indicator values for foods not considered in this work should be evaluated or experimented with in future work
Síndrome de Burnout académico en estudiantes de secundaria durante la COVID-19: Lambayeque-Perú: Academic Burnout in secondary students during COVID-19: Lambayeque-Perú
Get PDFObjetive: to determine the levels of the Academic Burnout Syndrome (SBA) and its dimensions, in 150 high school students from five state schools in the department of Lambayeque on the coast of Peru. Methods: the methodology used was of an applicative and descriptive level, the results were measured during the Pandemic generated by COVID-19 in the year 2020, between the months of April and June. Data collection was performed with informed consent and using a virtual questionnaire, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS) as a measurement instrument. Results: were analyzed with the statistical program IBM SPSS version 26, finding a High reliability level (Crombach's Alpha of 0.87). Conclusion: The results indicated that there is 9% of students with a High level of the SBA, 85% with an average level and 7% with a Low level. In relation to the dimensions of the SBA (Emotional Exhaustion, Cynicism and Academic Self-Efficacy), it was found that 15.3% of students presented a High level in High Emotional Exhaustion, 64.7% presented a Medium level and 20% a Low level. . In relation to Cynicism, 18% of students presented a high level, 49.3% a Medium level and 32.7% a Low level. On the other hand, 26.2% of students presented a High level in Academic Self-efficacy, 47.7% presented a Medium level and 26.2% a Low level.Objetivo: Determinar los niveles del Síndrome de Burnout Académico (SBA) y sus dimensiones, en 150 estudiantes de nivel secundaria de cinco colegios estatales del departamento de Lambayeque en la costa del Perú. Métodos: la metodología utilizada fue de tipo aplicativa y de nivel descriptivo, los resultados fueron medidos durante la Pandemia generada por la COVID-19 en el año de 2020, entre los meses de abril y junio. La toma de datos se realizó con consentimiento informado y bajo uso de un cuestionario virtual, usando como instrumento de medición el Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). Resultados: fueron analizados con el programa estadístico IBM SPSS versión 26, encontrándose un nivel de confiabilidad Alta (Alpha de Crombach de 0.87). Conclusión: Los resultados indicaron que existe un 3% de estudiantes con nivel Alto del SBA, un 97% con nivel medio y 0% con nivel Bajo. En relación a las dimensiones del SBA (Agotamiento Emocional, Cinismo y Autoeficacia Académica), se encontró que el 16% de estudiantes presentaban un nivel Alto en Agotamiento Emocional Alto, el 61.33% presentaron un nivel Medio y el 22.67% un nivel Bajo. En relación al Cinismo el 21.33% de estudiantes presentó un nivel alto, el 45.33% un nivel Medio y el 33.33% un nivel Bajo. Por otra parte, el 26% de estudiantes presentaron un nivel Alto en la Autoeficacia Académica, el 47.33% presentaron un nivel Medio y el 26.67% un nivel Bajo
Presentación atípica de un síndrome de Gitelman: reporte caso: Atypical presentation of Gitelman's syndrome: case report
Get PDFGitelman syndrome is a rare pathology with prevalence of 25 cases per million habitants, though, the prevalence of heterozygotes is approximately 1% in the caucasian population. This is caused by an alteration in the expression of the Na+/Cl cotransporter sensitive to thiazides, which generates a series of characteristic hydroelectrolytic alterations, but with non-specific symptoms. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman who presented with of novo convulsive syndrome in which severe and refractory hypokalemia was documented accompanied by metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria, being diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome. Since potassium disorders are common in emergency departments, it is important not to overlook this syndrome in the differential diagnosis of persistent hypokalemia, even in atypical presentations.El síndrome de Gitelman es una patología poco común con una prevalencia de 25 casos por millón de habitantes, sin embargo, la prevalencia de heterocigotos es de aproximadamente el 1% en la población caucásica. Este se origina por una alteración en la expresión del cotransportador Na+/Cl sensible a las tiazidas lo que genera una serie de alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas características, aunque con sintomatología inespecífica. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 37 años de edad con un síndrome convulsivo de novo en la que se documentó una hipopotasemia severa y refractaria acompañada de alcalosis metabólica, hipomagnesemia e hipocalciuria, siendo diagnosticada de síndrome de Gitelman. Puesto que los trastornos del potasio son frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias, es importante no olvidar este síndrome en el diagnóstico diferencial de las hipocalemias persistentes, aún en presentaciones atípicas
La Salud Pública y su hermeneútica coyuntural: Public health and its conjuntural hermeneutics
Get PDFCA-125 un error diagnóstico en tuberculosis peritoneal: Reporte de Caso: CA-125 a diagnostic error in peritoneal tuberculosis: Case Report
Get PDFCase of peritoneal tuberculosis in a 54-year-old woman with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, treated irregularly; who presented a clinical picture of abdominal distension, low weight, hyporexia, and diffuse ascites associated with omental edema. A CA-125 sample was taken with a presumed diagnosis of ovarian cancer, however, pathological studies by laparoscopy reported chronic granulomatous peritonitis of the tuberculoid type with caseous necrosis, referring to peritoneal tuberculosis, which is a rare diagnosis that represents 0 .1–0.5% of all cases of Tuberculosis. Peritoneal tuberculosis should be considered as one of the possible differential diagnoses in cases of patients presenting ascites with elevated serum CA-125 levels. However, to confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to obtain histological evidence that supports the presence of changes compatible with this disease. In these people, exploratory laparoscopy is a diagnostic alternative, even more so if the hypothesis of malignancy has not been definitively proven. This case report addresses the situation and literature review of peritoneal tuberculosis, its relationship with CA-125, and its relevance in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Caso de tuberculosis peritoneal de una mujer de 54 años, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo II, tratada irregularmente; que presentó un cuadro clínico de distensión abdominal, baja ponderal, hiporexia y ascitis difusa asociada a edema epiploico. Se le tomó muestra de CA-125 con presunto diagnóstico de cáncer de ovario, sin embargo, los estudios patológicos por laparoscopia reportan peritonitis crónica granulomatosa de tipo tuberculoide con necrosis caseosa, refiriendo tuberculosis peritoneal, el cual es un diagnóstico poco frecuente que supone el 0,1–0,5% de todos los casos de Tuberculosis. La tuberculosis peritoneal se debe considerar como uno de los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales en casos de pacientes que presenten ascitis con niveles elevados de CA-125 sérico. Sin embargo, para confirmar el diagnóstico es necesario obtener evidencia histológica que respalde la presencia de cambios compatibles con esta enfermedad. En dichas personas, la laparoscopia exploratoria es una alternativa diagnóstica, aún más si la hipótesis del cuadro maligno no se ha demostrado definitivamente. Este reporte de caso aborda la situación y revisión de literatura de tuberculosis peritoneal, su relación con el CA-125 y su relevancia en el diagnóstico diferencial de cáncer de ovario
Bioindicator nematodes in relation to an abiotic stress gradient in soils influenced by mining
No full textThe attributes of nematodes are presented as valuable tools for determining the quality of soil, especially that of mining companies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of nematodes against a stress gradient in a rainy season and a dry season in soils influenced by mining. Thus, field sampling was carried out over 100 m2 in triplicate for four types of soils classified according to their uses (pasture, maize cultivation, fig cultivation, and eucalyptus cultivation), and these areas were located on the periphery (500 to 1500 m) of the Ollachea mining community of Puno in Peru; subsequently, the samples were processed in the laboratory to determine edaphic, agrochemical, heavy metal, and microbiological parameters and identify the nematodes. The abiotic stress gradient was determined by a principal component analysis; and through a canonical correlation analysis, the relationships between the abiotic stress gradient and the nematodes were determined. Canonical correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations: in the rainy season, Helicotylenchus and vanadium (r = 0.99), Globodera and titanium (r = 0.97), and Tylenchus and lead (r = 0.96); in the dry season: Meloidogyne and vanadium (r = 0.99), and Hemicycliophora and lead (r = 0.91). In conclusion, the abiotic stress gradient had a high correlation with bacterivorous, fungivorous, and phytoparasitic nematodes and a low correlation with omnivorous and predatory nematodes, showing the bioindicator capacity of nematodes in relation to stress parameters that impact soil quality
Análisis de la cobertura boscosa del Parque Nacional Tingo María (Perú) utilizando el algoritmo random forest
Get PDFThe establishment of natural protected areas is one of the most effective strategies to conserve forests and their biodiversity; however, the uncontrolled advance of deforestation resulting from the change of use to expand the agricultural frontier has become a threat to these intangible areas. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of forest cover in Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) and its buffer zone (ZA) located in the high jungle of the Huánuco region of Peru. The main input was Sentinel-2 images that were classified using the Random Forest algorithm. As a result, coverage maps were obtained for the study area corresponding to the years 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023, achieving considerable thematic accuracy. During the evaluation periods, the rates of change from forest to non-forest within the PNTM presented low values -0.26% (2017 - 2019); -1.24% (2019 - 2021) and -0.02% (2021 - 2023). While the forests in the ZA have undergone a dynamic transition, with rates of change of -2.97%; -4.39% and -1.15% derived from land use change. The landscape metrics suggest that the forests of the PNTM are moderately fragmented, and the forests of the ZA are strongly fragmented, which leads to the conclusion that the protected natural area has fulfilled its objective of maintaining vegetation cover.El establecimiento de áreas naturales protegidas es una de las estrategias más efectivas para conservar los bosques y su biodiversidad, sin embargo; el avance descontrolado de la deforestación producto del cambio de uso para ampliar la frontera agrícola se ha convertido en una amenaza para estas áreas intangibles. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la dinámica de la cobertura boscosa del Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) y su zona de amortiguamiento (ZA) ubicados en la selva alta de la región Huánuco - Perú. Para lo cual se utilizó como insumo principal imágenes Sentinel-2 que fueron clasificadas utilizando el algoritmo Random Forest. Como resultado, se obtuvo los mapas de cobertura de la zona de estudio que corresponde a los años 2017, 2019, 2021 y 2023 logrando una exactitud temática considerable. Durante los periodos de evaluación, las tasas de cambio de bosque a no bosque dentro del PNTM presentaron valores bajos -0,26% (2017 – 2019); -1,24% (2019 – 2021) y -0,02% (2021 – 2023). Mientras que los bosques de la ZA han sufrido una transición dinámica, con tasas de cambio de -2,97%; -4,39% y -1,15% derivado del cambio de uso de las tierras. Las métricas del paisaje sugieren que los bosques del PNTM se encuentran moderadamente fragmentados y los bosques de la ZA se encuentran fuertemente fragmentados, por lo que se concluye que el área natural protegida ha cumplido con el objetivo de mantener la cobertura vegetal
Speed shear rate impact on the properties of OSA-modified potato starch
Get PDFThe reaction between starch granules and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) is regularly retarded due to the low breakthrough of large oily OSA droplets into starch granules in an aqueous reaction system. Furthermore, high-speed shearing is widely used in the food industry, demanding high shear, cavitation, and collision force. In this sense, high-speed shearing could reduce the size of OSA droplets and promote a more homogeneous distribution of groups in the starch granule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of OSA potato starch synthesis assisted by high-speed shear on structure (SEM and FTIR), gelatinization, rheology, and emulsifying activity (ES and AS) was investigated. The results showed a gradual increase in DS proportional to the applied speed. Likewise, the OSA starches showed a slight alteration in the shape of the granules (SEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption of the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA starch at 1724 cm-1. The high-speed shear-treated starches exhibited a significant change in the reduction of the initial gelatinization temperature, although not in the enthalpy. All the gels presented rheology adjusted to the Herschel-Bulkley model with variations in the initial shear stress. Changes in the viscoelastic behavior are proportional to the shear rate detected. High-speed shear treatment did not show a significant effect on emulsion stability (ES) and emulsion activity (EA). Consequently, applying high shear rates allows having OSA starches with different uses
Efecto de cinco métodos de cocción en las características fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y sensoriales de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of five cooking methods (steam, grill, oven, frying and microwave) on farm-raised rainbow trout's sensory acceptability, physicochemical characteristics, and nutritional value. A survey was conducted with 307 consumers to create a marinade made with salt, garlic, cumin and pepper. The fillets marinated in this mixture were cooked, and photographs were taken to determine their sensory profile using the Check All That Apply (CATA) method, as well as their appearance through both visual (n = 289) and virtual (n = 100) surveys. Similarity was found between the sensory attribute maps for frying, oven and grilling in both evaluation methods. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in proximal composition were observed between the cooking techniques studied because of their technological parameters. The methods with the best visual acceptability were frying and microwave, and they caused an increase in the peroxide index. The n-6/n-3 ratio for both techniques (3.62 and 2.05) was within the requirement, being higher in frying due to the predominance of Omega 6 fatty acids incorporated by the oil used. This study demonstrated that the Peruvian consumer prefers cooking techniques characterized by ease of preparation and marked the development of color and texture attributes.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de cinco métodos de cocción (vapor, plancha, horno, microondas, fritado) en las características fisicoquímicas, valor nutricional y aceptabilidad sensorial de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de origen piscícola. Se aplicó una encuesta a 307 consumidores para definir la formulación de la solución de adobado constituida por sal, ajos, comino y pimienta. Los filetes marinados en esta solución fueron cocinados por cada método y se registraron fotografías para la determinación de los perfiles sensoriales mediante el método CATA (Check All That Apply), así como la aceptabilidad de la apariencia mediante la evaluación virtual (n = 289) y presencial (n = 100). En ambas modalidades se encontró una similitud entre los mapas de atributos sensoriales para el fritado, horneado y a la plancha. Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en la composición proximal entre las técnicas estudiadas como consecuencia de los parámetros tecnológicos de cocción. El fritado y microondas obtuvieron la mayor aceptabilidad en apariencia y ocasionaron un incremento del índice de peróxido. La relación n-6/n-3 para ambas técnicas (3,62 y 2,05) se ubicó dentro del requerimiento, siendo mayor en la fritura debido al predominio de ácidos grasos Omega 6 incorporados por el aceite empleado. La elección de estos dos métodos demuestra que el consumidor peruano aprueba técnicas caracterizadas por la facilidad de preparación y un marcado desarrollo de atributos de color y textura
Can fall armyworm damage decrease depending on the season, the maize hybrid, and the pesticide sprayed?
No full textMaize is the third most important grass produced in the world after wheat and rice. Among the limitations of its production, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered the most relevant pest in which corn is the main host plant. During the dry and rainy seasons of 2021-2022, lots of 1200 m2 were planted including three commercial hybrids, ADV-9139, Trueno NB-7443, and INIAP-551 in which the treatments were evaluated: T1: Sequence of insecticides (CLE) based on chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, and emamectin benzoate. T2: Biological insecticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis (BT). T3: Methomyl-based treatment (MET). T4: Untreated plot (UP). Plant and cob damage, plant height and cob insertion, and grain yield were evaluated, and an economic analysis was performed. The least damage to plants and cobs was detected in the ADV-9139 hybrid. Regarding pesticides, CLE showed the best damage control in plants and the cobs were less damaged when CLE and BT were applied. Plant height and cob insertion height were lower in the ADV-9139 hybrid in which the highest grain yields were estimated. Plots treated with BT showed the highest increase in grain yield. The results show that the management of this voracious insect can be achieved combining the partial resistance of a maize genotype with pesticide applications with the lowest social, economic and ecological costs.Maize is the third most important grass produced in the world after wheat and rice. Among the limitations of its production, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered the most relevant pest in which corn is the main host plant. During the dry and rainy seasons of 2021-2022, lots of 1200 m2 were planted including three commercial hybrids, ADV-9139, Trueno NB-7443, and INIAP-551 in which the treatments were evaluated: T1: Sequence of insecticides (CLE) based on chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, and emamectin benzoate. T2: Biological insecticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis (BT). T3: Methomyl-based treatment (MET). T4: Untreated plot (UP). Plant and cob damage, plant height and cob insertion, and grain yield were evaluated, and an economic analysis was performed. The least damage to plants and cobs was detected in the ADV-9139 hybrid. Regarding pesticides, CLE showed the best damage control in plants and the cobs were less damaged when CLE and BT were applied. Plant height and cob insertion height were lower in the ADV-9139 hybrid in which the highest grain yields were estimated. Plots treated with BT showed the highest increase in grain yield. The results show that the management of this voracious insect can be achieved combining the partial resistance of a maize genotype with pesticide applications with the lowest social, economic and ecological costs