Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Filtrante a base de hojas de Bidens pilosa L.: Elaboración y determinación de su capacidad antioxidante, antiinflamatoria, sensorial y microbiológica
Full text linkEn la investigación se elaboró un filtrante de hojas enteras y molidas de Bidens pilosa L y determinó la capacidad antioxidante de la infusión de las hojas secadas a 40 °C, 50 °C y 60 °C, se prepararon infusiones evaluando cuatro tiempos de reposo: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 y 12,5 minutos. La capacidad antiinflamatoria fue determinada en la infusión del filtrante mediante la técnica del edema auricular inducido por xileno. El contenido de polifenoles totales se determinó mediante el método Folin Ciocalteu, la capacidad antioxidante por los métodos DPPH y ABTS. Los resultados mostraron que el mayor contenido de polifenoles se obtuvo en hoja entera seca a 40 °C con un tiempo de reposo de 5 minutos (51,65 mg Eq ác. Gálico/g hoja seca) en comparación con hoja molida (filtrante) a las mismas condiciones (49,42 mg Eq ác. Gálico/g hoja seca). La capacidad antioxidante por DPPH y ABTS, fue mayor en la hoja entera seca a 40 °C con un tiempo de reposo de 5 minutos (93,78 y 92,20 mg Eq-Trolox/g hoja seca), superando a la hoja molida (filtrante) obtenida a las mismas condiciones (82,38 y 79,06 mg Eq-Trolox/g hoja seca, respectivamente). El filtrante tuvo efectos antiinflamatorios comparables a los controles positivos (dexametasona y diclofenaco). Además, el filtrante cumplió la normativa microbiológica y obtuvo valoraciones de “Me gusta” para todos los atributos evaluados. Se concluye que el filtrante es una fuente de compuestos antioxidantes cuya concentración depende de la temperatura de secado, el tiempo de reposo de infusión y el grado de subdivisión de las hojas y las interacciones entre estos factores
Micropropagation of banana cv. Williams through temporary immersion system: Response to explant density and plant growth regulators
Full text linkBanana presents issues with conventional propagation due to a low multiplication rate and diseases. Micropropagation allows the mass production of seedlings with better agronomic characteristics under controlled laboratory conditions, it uses explants and plant growth regulators (PGR) at different stages. Plant tissue culture (PTC) allows nutrients to be provided through the use of bioreactors with a temporary immersion system (TIS), the immersion of the plant material in the culture medium periodically prompts better individuals by facilitating the interaction of the plant material with the culture medium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to micropropagation of banana cv. Williams during the multiplication stage using RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion) bioreactors. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out: one using different explant density and the other one using different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The explants of banana correspond to the fourth subculture obtained from shoot meristems. The results obtained after 21 days of culture showed high multiplication rates and highlighted the usefulness of bioreactors with temporary immersion systems (TIS) to successfully propagate banana.Banana presents issues with conventional propagation due to a low multiplication rate and diseases. Micropropagation allows the mass production of seedlings with better agronomic characteristics under controlled laboratory conditions, it uses explants and plant growth regulators (PGR) at different stages. Plant tissue culture (PTC) allows nutrients to be provided through the use of bioreactors with a temporary immersion system (TIS), the immersion of the plant material in the culture medium periodically prompts better individuals by facilitating the interaction of the plant material with the culture medium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to micropropagation of banana cv. Williams during the multiplication stage using RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion) bioreactors. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out: one using different explant density and the other one using different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The explants of banana correspond to the fourth subculture obtained from shoot meristems. The results obtained after 21 days of culture showed high multiplication rates and highlighted the usefulness of bioreactors with temporary immersion systems (TIS) to successfully propagate banana
Análisis de geolocalización de la vacunación contra el COVID-19 y su relación con casos positivos en Perú
Full text linkNuestro país afrontó un suceso mundial, que nos cambió la vida a todos, ocasionando la muerte de muchas personas de distintas edades, condición social y económica y en especial en las zonas más vulnerables como el departamento La Libertad, registrándose en el distrito de Trujillo 16,090, la mayor cantidad de casos positivos COVID-19 (Gerencia Regional de Salud La Libertad). En este contexto se propuso hacer un análisis geoespacial que permita ubicar las zonas de vulnerabilidad espacio-temporal de mayor incidencia de pacientes con COVID-19. Encontrándose que las zonas de mayor incidencia de pacientes, con esta enfermedad se encuentran ubicados en la franja costera, ubicándose en los departamentos de Piura, La Libertad, Ancash, Lima y Arequipa. Sin embargo, según el índice de Morán se encontró ausencia de autocorrelación espacial, concluyéndose que la alta incidencia de pacientes con COVID-19 no depende del espacio geográfico en el Perú. Los datos se procesaron en el software RStudio, para realizar el análisis estadístico
Biochemical and enzymatic alterations of watermelon associated with irrigation management and inoculation with Rhizobacteria
Full text linkWater stress has caused major losses in the agricultural productivity of crops, inducing the search for alternatives for sustainable cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of watermelon under water stress, inoculated with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus spp., regarding the biochemical and enzymatic variables in the flowering stage. A randomized block design was adopted in a split-plot 4x4 factorial scheme, with plots consisting of four levels of soil water availability (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of field capacity - FC) and subplots consisting of four inoculations (Negative Control (NC); XX6.9 bacteria; P6.2 bacteria; MIX – co-inoculation of XX6.9 and P6.2 bacteria), with five replicates. XX6.9 bacteria and NC were the treatments most affected by severe water stress, since at the soil water availability (SWA) level of 40% FC they showed high contents of the oxidative marker (MDA) and proline. Although the inoculation with XX6.9 bacteria promoted a higher content of osmoregulators such as proteins, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars, it was not enough to attenuate the effects of water deficit. On the other hand, treatments with P6.2 bacteria and MIX of bacteria showed reduced levels of MDA at the SWA level of 40% FC, accompanied by high enzymatic activity of POD and CAT, which may contribute to the tolerance of the watermelon crop to water stress
Sapote gum as a new biopolymer suitable emulsion stabilizer: Grapeseed oil ultrasonic emulsification
Full text linkSapote gum (SG) is a new biopolymer with promissory functional properties. This study aimed to determine if SG is a suitable emulsifier for obtaining stable grape seed oil (GSO) emulsions. In the first stage, coarse emulsion concentrations of SG and grapeseed oil - GSO were evaluated, applying the Central Composite Rotational Design (0.59% to 3.41% of SG and 12.93% to 27.07% GSO). For the second stage, using a Centered Face Design – CFD, the resulting emulsion was sonicated at 90, 270, and 450 Watts at 5, 10, and 15 min. Finally, a validation was made. Emulsions were evaluated through microstructure, droplet size, kinetic stability, heat stress, and rheology. Micrographs of the first-stage emulsions showed droplets up to 3.8 μm diameter and a creaming index between 0.00% and 28.39% after 24 h. Optimization indicates that the higher the concentration of gum (3.5%) and GSO (25%), the more kinetically stable emulsions are produced. Ultrasonic emulsions showed no significant difference in droplet size and kinetic stability before 14 days of rest. Ultrasonic validation was made at 450 W for 6 min, resulting in emulsions stable for 20 days and with rheological characteristics interesting for food or cosmetic industries
Pleurotus spp: A cosmopolitan fungi of biotechnological importance
Full text linkThe genus Pleurotus presents a multivariate species diversity due to its ability to grow in different substrates and environments. Whether wild or cultivated, they are edible mushrooms, as they present a high nutritional value and are medicinal due to their bioactive compounds with positive health effects. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the genus Pleurotus, since it is a cosmopolitan mushroom, and its properties can be used in different industrial applications and be a functional alternative for our future. Due to their saprophytic nature, they produce enzymes that act on the substrate in which they grow, degrading lignocellulosic material such as wood, forest and agricultural residues, hardwoods, wood by-products, cereal straw, bagasse, etc., and thanks to this degradative capacity, their enzymes are used in a wide range of biotechnological and environmental applications. In order to increase their production and consumption not only for their nutritional qualities, but also for their nutraceutical and biotechnological qualities, ease of cultivation, low investment cost, etc., new ways are being sought to increase their performance in cultivation. Recently, research has expanded the search for alternative uses of the Pleurotus genus, which has led to an increase in its cultivation, as well as its application in different fields of biotechnology. The cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms represents an opportunity to generate a sustainable process and incorporate the process into a circular economy, generating environmental, social and economic benefits. The use of agro-industrial substrates and the subsequent reuse of the spent substrate as compost or organic fertilizer reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills and minimizes methane production. This allows for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly production model. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies for the promotion, marketing and sustainable production of products derived from these fungi
Desacato del régimen de visitas vulnerando el interés superior del menor en un distrito judicial de Perú
Full text linkEl desacato al régimen de visitas es una conducta que atenta contra el interés superior del niño restringiéndole los vínculos afectivos y una sana convivencia con los progenitores. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el desacato de régimen de visitas que vulnera el interés superior del menor en el distrito judicial de Piura. La metodología fue de tipo básica, enfoque cualitativo y diseño teoría fundamentada. La técnica utilizada fue la entrevista y el instrumento fue la guía de entrevista a 06 participantes, abogados titulados y trabajadores del módulo civil de Piura. El instrumento fue validado por expertos quienes determinaron la coherencia, relevancia y eficacia de los ítems. La principal conclusión que se obtuvo del estudio fue que el incumplimiento al régimen de visitas genera consecuencias legales que vulnera el bienestar del menor ocasionando una inestabilidad en las relaciones interpersonales, inadecuado desarrollo en el crecimiento integral y las relaciones paterno filial
Diversidad genética de aislados bacterianos antagónicos obtenidos de Theobroma cacao L. para el control de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 1
Full text linkThe banana (Musa AAA) is affected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, which causes discoloration in the xylem duct, leading to terminal wilting. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biological control produces different antagonistic compounds and inhibits the growth of various phytopathogens. The objective of the study was based on the molecular identification of rhizobacteria that produce phytohormones with biocontrol activity against Foc-R1. The presence of the 225 bp ChiA gene was observed in PGPR. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA by sequencing and ERIC-PCR showed genetic variability with the formation of four subgroups. Molecular identification by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene defined the genera as Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas. There is variation in the biosynthesis of the phytohormones AIA, AG, and AS in strains MH-18, W-417, and FZ 9-7 at 72 h. The identification of Foc-R1 by PCR shows an amplicon of 350 bp. Antagonistic assays of bacterial supernatants from strain FZ 9-7 show 71% mycelial inhibition of Foc-R1 and a decrease in spore production of 2.5X106 spores mL-1. The results provide information on the genetic relationships of PGPRs through the production of secondary metabolites such as proteases, catalases, chitinases, and siderophores, as well as morphological and molecular analysis for the identification of Foc-R1 and its interaction with antagonistic extracts in inhibiting the growth of diseases in bananas and cocoa.El banano (Musa AAA) se ve afectado por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, provoca decoloración en el conducto xilemático para causar un marchitamiento terminal. La utilización de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) como control biológico producen diferentes compuestos antagonistas e inhiben el crecimiento de diversos fitopatógenos. El Objetivo del estudio se basó en la Identificación molecular de rizobacterias productoras de fitohormonas con actividad biocontroladora a Foc-R1. Se observó la presencia del gen ChiA de 225 pb en las PGPR. El análisis filogenético al ARNr 16s por secuenciación y ERIC-PCR mostró variabilidad genética con la formación de cuatro Sub-grupos. La identificación molecular por secuencia al gen ARNr 16S definió lo géneros a Klebsiella, Enterobacter y Pseudomonas. Existe variación en las biosíntesis de las fitohormonas AIA, AG y AS en las cepas MH-18, W-417 y FZ 9-7 a las 72 h. La identificación de Foc-R1 por PCR muestran un amplicón de 350 pb. Los ensayos antagonistas de los sobrenadantes bacterianos la cepa FZ 9-7 muestra inhibición micelial a Foc-R1 del 71% y disminuye la producción de esporas 2.5X106 esporas mL-1. Los resultados proporcionan información sobre las relaciones genéticas de las PGPR por la producción metabolitos secundarios como proteasas, catalasa, quitinasas y sideróforos, así como el análisis morfológico y molecular a la identificación Foc-R1 y su interacción con los extractos antagónicos al inhibir el crecimiento de enfermedades en banano y cacao
Applying artificial intelligence in durian fertile lobe detection: Attention-Residual Unet and Test Time Augmentation algorithm
Full text linkThe key factor in durian fruit trading is ripeness. Several studies have been conducted on non-destructive durian maturity classification using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. However, most of these studies manually determined the most accurate measurement position, which was the durian's main fertile lobe center. This research aims to automate the stage of detecting this position of the durian by using UNet segmentation method, which leverages differences in rind texture between the center of the main fertile lobe and other areas (lobe grooves and stems), prior to conducting NIR measurements. The rough and non-uniform surface of the durian rind presents a significant challenge for segmentation. However, the large size of the durian spines in the main fertile lobe serves as an identification characteristic for the segmentation model. This study uses the Ri-6 durian in Vietnam as the samples for the experiment. The model was developed using three architectures: Unet, Attention-Unet and Attention-Residual Unet. According to the analysis results on test set, Unet, Attention-Unet and Attention-Residual Unet algorithms achieved %accuracy of 78.22%, 81.34%, 82.89% and %intersection over union of 79.49%, 80.47%, 80.72%, respectively. After that, the model was further enhanced using the test time augmentation algorithm, improving the %accuracy to 85.24%, 85.68%, 86.85% and %IoU to 81.65%, 82.03% and 83.12%. Among the three architectures, the Attention-Residual-Unet model demonstrated the highest efficiency in detecting the center of the durian’s main fertile lobe for non-destructive durian maturity classification. This method can be applied to the development of an automatic durian’s maturity classification machine, which would save time and improve economic efficiency
Nematophagous fungi for integrated management of Meloidogyne (Tylenchida): a review of taxonomic diversity, mechanisms of action and potential as biological control agents
Full text linkRoot-knot nematodes (RKNs) are classified under the genus Meloidogyne and are among the most devastating pests affecting strategical agricultural crops. They attack a wide variety of plant species, including vegetables, fruit trees and ornamental plants, causing root deformities and even lead to plant death in severe cases of infestation. These nematodes contribute to substantial crop yield loss and affect the quality of harvested products. Although synthetic nematicides are available for the control of these pest organisms, there is a growing emphasis on exploring sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives, such as nematophagous fungi like the genera Purpureocillium, Arthrobotrys, Dactylellina, Orbilia, and Trichoderma, among others. Here a review of literature on the matter is given, with a focus on the taxonomic classification of the most relevant fungal orders and genera, their diagnostic features, mechanisms of action, and potential as biological control agents (BCAs) against Meloidogyne species. Other relevant aspects addressed in this review include a brief description of the nematode genus Meloidogyne, along with the symptoms it causes in host plants, such as root gall formation, stunted growth, and yellowing of foliage, among others. It also describes integrated pest management (IPM) strategies such as crop rotation, resistant crops, soil solarization, trap crops, as well as currently used chemical control techniques. Biological control alternatives are also presented with particular emphasis on nematophagous fungi. Future research should focus on improving the formulae of biological agents based on nematophagous fungi under field conditions and understanding their ecological roles and interactions in soil microbiomes