Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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A case of brachiocephalic syndrome in a French bulldog
Get PDFThe brachiocephalic syndrome is characteristic of dogs and cats with short muzzles that often have breathing problems. The most common causes of respiratory disorders are stenosis of the nostrils, a protruding nasal fold, elongation and thickening of the soft palate, protrusion of the laryngeal sacs, etc. Brachiocephalic syndrome develops in short-faced dogs due to pathological changes in the structure of the upper and lower respiratory tract (collapse, malformation, various deformations). The degree of manifestation of symptoms can vary - from weak respiratory noises to suffocation and the development of acute hypoxia. The article presents the case history of a French bulldog dog, a female, with severe clinical signs of brachycephalic syndrome. In particular, there are pronounced signs of airway obstruction, digestive tract, spinal malformation, and reproductive tract deformation. The work aimed to comprehensively cover all manifestations of brachycephalic syndrome retrospectively, taking into account the dynamics of pathology manifestations, as well as the analysis and discussion of the effectiveness and results of treatment measures, both surgical and therapeutic. The results of clinical studies are described, and there is a vast arsenal of additional ones: laboratory and instrumental. In particular, the results of general and biochemical blood tests, coagulograms at different periods of the animal's life, the results of studies of the respiratory organs and the anterior digestive system, and individual bacteriological, computed tomography, resonance tomography, and histological studies are analyzed. It is shown that the first clinical manifestations of brachiocephalic syndrome are signs of airway obstruction, which gradually progress, starting from the act of feeding up to signs of sleep apnea, despite repeated surgical interventions (complex palatoplasty). The results of the musculoskeletal system study are indicated, demonstrating pronounced multiple pathologies of the spine (kyphosis, scoliosis, protrusions, degenerative-destructive changes in the intervertebral discs, syringomyelia). The results of postmortem histological studies of the gastric mucosa and duodenum are presented
Plasma lipid profile and sex hormone levels in rabbits under paraceta-mol-induced oxidative stress
Get PDFChanges in the redox balance at different levels, which lead to the accumulation of toxic radicals against the background of a decrease in the content of redox-active compounds, i.e., a state of oxidative stress (OS), are considered the leading pathogenetic factor in pathological conditions. Processes of peroxide oxidation of biological substrates, especially cell membrane lipids and lipophilic compounds have both regulatory and pathological effects in the body of animals and humans. For now, it remains relevant to establish the regularities of interaction of metabolism during OS development. Among the large number of existing OS models, attention is drawn to those that can be reproduced in clinical practice, as a complication of treatment measures or an error in the medical strategy, due to a constant influence on peroxidation processes in the body. Important among such means is paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) – one of the most common antipyretic and analgesic drugs. In addition to the known hepato-, nephro- and neurotoxic effects of its long-term and/or excessive use, there are data on reproductive toxicity and disorders of lipid metabolism. Therefore, the aim of our work was to determine the lipid profile and the level of sex hormones in male rabbits during paracetamol-induced OS. The study was performed on male rabbits of the Khila breed. According to the principle of analogs, a control group (n = 12) was formed, which were kept on a standard diet, and an experimental group (n = 12), whose animals were simulated the state of OS by oral injection of a solution of paracetamol with food at a dose of 300 mg/kg of weight body once during 21 days. The following results were obtained by determining the dynamics of changes in biochemical indicators in the rabbit body during chronic injection of paracetamol: in the rabbits of the experimental group, after the injection of paracetamol, the level of diene conjugates was 63.0 % higher, and the content of thiobarbiturate-active products was 1.26 times higher (P ˂ 0.05). A decrease in the activity of the antioxidant defence system was also noted – the amount of reduced glutathione decreased by 35.4 %, and the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by 25.6 % (P ˂ 0.05). The obtained changes were consistent with the comprehensive indicator of total antioxidant activity, which on the 21st day of the experiment was 34.1 % lower than the values of the control group (P ˂ 0.05). At the same time, the level of steroid hormones also changed during the study – the level of total testosterone gradually decreased (on the 21st day – by 22.8 %, and at the end of the experiment – by 30.9 %, P ˂ 0.05), while the level of 17β-estradiol had an upward trend and on the 21st day was higher than the control indicators by 10.7 % (P ˂ 0.05). Significant changes in lipid metabolism were found in male rabbits – the total cholesterol content on the 21st day of the experiment exceeded the data of control animals by 25.3 %, the level of triacylglycerols – by 42.3 %, and the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol also increased by 1.1 times (P ˂ 0.05), and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, on the contrary, was reduced by 17.0 % (P ˂ 0.05). In general, the obtained results indicate the relationship between the development of OS with changes in lipid metabolism and the balance of sex hormones, which allows us to use the model of paracetamol-induced OS in rabbits for further research
Biochemical indicators, quality and safety of domestic and wild pig slaughter products
Get PDFAnimal husbandry is one of the important branches of agricultural production, which plays an important role in the formation of food security of Ukraine and providing the population with important types of food. The correct methodical approach to the inspection of organs and tissues of slaughtered animals allows to avoid errors in the diagnosis of various diseases, in the sanitary assessment of slaughter products, to prevent meat losses and the release of food products that are dangerous for humans. Analyzing the requirements of the modern market and the priority directions for the development of trade relations between the countries of the European Union for our country, it should be noted that the responsibility for the export and import of products of animal origin and the control of the production of high-quality and safe products is entrusted to the specialist of the state veterinary service. Organoleptic analysis of slaughter products is an important component of inspection. In addition, it should be noted that determining the degree of freshness of meat for a long time was carried out only with the help of the organoleptic method. It has been proven that organoleptic indicators provide comprehensive information for determining the good quality of meat. The quality of meat or its nutritional value refers to the chemical composition of the fleshy part, which includes muscle, fat and connective tissue. The chemical composition, energy value, digestibility, taste, culinary and other properties of meat depend on the ratio of these tissues. The quality of meat is influenced by the breed of animals, sex, age, fatness, the nature of fattening, conditions of transportation and pre-slaughter aging, methods of stunning, degree of exsanguination, etc. The article presents materials related to the inspection of animal slaughter products in the Zhytomyr region (agro-food market in the city of Olevsk). The study was carried out as part of the research work of the department of normal and pathological morphology, hygiene and expertise “Monitoring the content of toxic substances in drinking water, feed and their impact on the body of cattle and the quality and safety of products”, state registration number – 0120U101318. The purpose of the study is to inspect the slaughter products of domestic and wild pigs in the agro-food market of the Zhytomyr region. The task of the work was to determine the organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological indicators of slaughter products of domestic and wild pigs. The testing laboratory of veterinary and sanitary examination in the market carries out significant work on the inspection of animal slaughter products, which ensures the release of good-quality products for the population. As a result of the inspection of the slaughter products of domestic and wild pigs, it was established that all meat samples according to organoleptic parameters corresponded to the parameters of fresh high-quality meat, the reaction to peroxidase was positive, the pH of the meat ranged from 5.9 to 6.1. No trichinella was detected during trichinoscopy of pork samples. Veterinary and sanitary examination of livestock products on the markets is carried out only by veterinary medicine specialists of state laboratories or other state institutions of veterinary medicine. The laboratory carries out mandatory quality and safety control of all controlled products sold, including food products of animal origin intended for human consumption. In this regard, it is important to carry out inspection, sanitary evaluation of slaughter products of slaughter animals and determination of morphological characteristics of meat of domestic and wild pigs
Some innovations in pig farming and their zootechnical assessment
Get PDFThe purpose of this work was to investigate the life expectancy, duration of breeding use, and reproductive qualities of sows of the large white breed of French selection, based on the obtained data to develop a new way of evaluating sows according to their operational value, as well as to calculate the economic efficiency of their use in the conditions of the industrial complex. The research was carried out in the conditions of the breeding plant for breeding large white pigs of Agroprime Holding LLC of the Odesa region and the animal husbandry laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Evaluation of sows by indicators characterizing the level of their adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, months; duration of tribal use, months; received farts during the period of breeding use of all, received live piglets of all, head.; multifertility, goal; high fertility, kg; nest weight at the time of weaning at 28 days, kg; preservation of piglets until weaning, %. A comprehensive assessment of the sows of the general sample and different operational values was carried out according to the methodology of Berezovsky (2019) and biometric processing of research results – according to Kovalenko et al. (2010). It was established that the sows of the controlled population are characterized by high indicators of life expectancy, duration of breeding use, and reproductive qualities. Regarding fertility and litter weight at the time of weaning at 28 days, the sows of the controlled population belong to the elite class. A significant difference between sows of the category “high operational value” (I experimental group) and “low operational value” (II sub-experimental group) was established by the duration of life (7.9 months; td = 7.67), the duration of breeding use (8.3 months; td = 7.61), the number of farrowings obtained (1.7 farrowings; td = 9.44), the number of live piglets (24.9 goals; td = 10.50), multifertility (1.1 goals; td = 3.23), high fertility (0.03 kg; td = 0.67), the weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (8.0 kilograms; td=3.07), survival of piglets before weaning (2.7 %; td = 1.52) and M. D. Berezovsky's index (3.43 points; td = 3.26). The number of reliable correlations between life expectancy, duration of breeding use, absolute indicators of reproductive qualities of sows, and the index “exploitation value of the sow” (EVS) is 75.0 %. The criterion for selecting sows of high operational value for the controlled population is the “EVS” index value at 220.90 or more points
Efficacy of thankuni and grapes in arsenicosis-affected rat
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to observe the effects of Thankuni and grapes on hematological and biochemical parameters against arsenicosis in Long Evans rats. Sixty male rats were selected to perform the study. The experimental rats were randomly divided into five different groups, with n = 12 in each group. Animals in group T0 were given normal feed and water and kept as control. Rats of group T1 were given arsenic trioxide @ 100 mg/L of drinking water orally. Rats of group T2 were given arsenic trioxide @ 100 mg/L drinking water and Thankuni @ 1gm/kg feed. Group T3 was given arsenic trioxide @ 100 mg/L drinking water with grapes @ 10 mg /kg body weight thrown DW. Group T4 was given arsenic trioxide, Thankuni, and grapes with the same dose for up to 45 days, respectively. Four randomly selected rats from each group (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4) were sacrificed at 15-day intervals to determine body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, the result showed that the minimum weight gain group was T1 whereas the maximum weight gain was found in the T3 and T4 groups. The weight gain of the T2 group is better than T1. Reduction of TEC and Hb values were significant (P < 0.01) in the T1 group. Whereas in the rest of the groups, the reduction of TEC and Hb was less than in arsenic-treated groups. In conclusion, Thankuni and grapes have a significant effect on body weight and hematological and biochemical parameters
Epizootological monitoring studies on the spread of nematodirosis of cattle in the territory of Poltava region
Get PDFThe most common helminthiasis of cattle is strongylidosis of the digestive organs. This group of animal helminthiasis is widespread in Ukraine and is caused by nematodes of the Strongylida suborder, among which nematodirosis occupies a leading place. Invasion leads to a decrease in productivity, the quality of the obtained products, barrenness of the broodstock, and deterioration of the growth and development of the young. Invasion of definitive hosts occurs mostly passively; by alimentary means, the invasive is the larva of the third stage. The work aimed to conduct monitoring studies of the epizootic situation regarding the spread of nematodirosis of cattle in the territory of Poltava region based on the results of the analysis of statistical data of the reporting documentation of the Main Department of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region for 2018–2022. It was established that the extent of nematodirosis infestation in cattle ranged from 0.81 % (in 2020) to 5.30 % (2022), with the average extensiveness of the invasion for the studied period at 1.36 %. At the same time, the share of nematodirosis among other nematode diseases of cattle was 18.37 %. Among other nematodes, neoascarosis, bunostomosis, esophagostomosis, dictyokaulosis, and trichurosis were diagnosed in the territory of the studied region, the share of which ranged from 1.51 to 51.51 %. Among the invasive diseases of cattle registered on the territory of the Poltava region, the share of trematodes (fasciolosis, dicroceliosis, paramphistomatosis) in the general parasitic pathology is 85.51 %, protozoans (eimeriosis, babesiosis) and nematodes – 8.67 and 5.78 %, respectively, for cestodoses (moniasis) – 0.04 %. The obtained data from monitoring studies indicate the relevance of a more in-depth study of the spread of nematodirosis infestation among cattle in farms of the Poltava region, taking into account the nematode fauna, the characteristics of the infestation of animals of different age groups, in different seasons of the year, and as part of mixed infestations with other parasites
Effectiveness of the improved method of lifelong diagnostics trichurosis of sheep
Get PDFToday, the most accurate way to diagnose animal helminthiasis is laboratory research. Among them, lifelong coproovoscopy methods play a leading role in the study of the spread of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, particularly trichurosis, and in establishing the effectiveness of anthelmintics. Therefore, a promising research direction includes improving and testing modern methods of coproovoscopy for trichurosis in sheep. The work aimed to determine the diagnostic efficiency of the improved flotation method of coproovoscopy for trichurosis in sheep. In laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of well-known flotation methods and the proposed method of coproovoscopy in diagnosing sheep trichurosis were determined. The leading indicators of the effectiveness of laboratory methods were the indicator of the intensity of trichurous invasion, the coagulation ability of the flotation solution, and the crystallization time of a drop of flotation liquid on a glass slide. It was established that all methods of coproovoscopy used in the experiment have flotation properties relative to Trichuris eggs. However, the improved method of coproovoscopy showed a higher flotation ability concerning Trichuris ovis nematode eggs, where the proposed flotation liquid has pronounced coagulation properties concerning undigested feed residues, and also has a slow crystallization time of droplets on a slide, which is more than 50 min. The improved method uses a combined flotation liquid, whose main components were Ca(NO3)2, C12H22O11, and NaCl. The indicator of the intensity of trichuriasis invasion when using the improved method was 67.0 ± 17.5 eggs in 1 g of feces and exceeded the number of trichuriasis eggs detected by flotation methods using NaCl – by 2.3 times (P ˂ 0.001), C12H22O11 – by 2.1 times (P ˂ 0.001), NH4NO3 – 1.3 times (P ˂ 0.01), C12H22O11 + NaCl – 1.1 times. The obtained data on the effectiveness of the improved method of coproovoscopy allows us to recommend it for introduction into production for effective and accurate laboratory lifelong diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep
Probiotic feed additive “EnzActive” against the background of hay-type fattening of young bulls
Get PDFStandardized feeding of young cattle should be based on scientifically based standards, guaranteeing their genetic productivity potential, rational use of fodder resources, and proper feed payment with meat products. The current situation regarding the rationing of livestock feeding in global and domestic, both scientific and industrial practices, has fundamentally changed, which requires a significant revision of the traditional provisions on the organization of standardized feeding and feeding of farm animals. At the same time, the conceptual requirements for the organization of standardized feeding of young livestock should be based on the generalization of world experience in need of animals for energy, nutrients, and biologically active substances, taking into account the age period of fattening with an emphasis on the quality and biosafety of products. In the conditions of intensive production of meat products, to ensure high productivity, it is impossible to do without using feed products of natural substance, which should include additives with a purely biological effect. One of these includes the feed additive “EnzActive”, which contains a unique formula of a combination of biotic and enzymatic action, which consists of live yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a complex of six enzymes: protease, cellulose, xynalose, α-amylase, ß-gluconase and phytase. The research was based on optimizing the standardized feeding of fattening young animals on hay-type rations using the probiotic feed additive “EnzActive” based on 8 g/head per day. The research was conducted on Simmental bulls in the conditions of the “Pchany-Denkovych” farm of the Stryi district of the Lviv region. It was established that the use of the probiotic supplement “EnzActive” against the background of hay-type feeding contributed to the improvement of the intensity of the vital activity of the physiologically helpful microflora of the rumen, which had a stimulating effect in the processes of additional assimilation of nutrients. A positive result was obtained regarding the level of average daily growth and functional features of rumen microflora, the final period of fattening. Thus, based on the results of our research, it is possible to recommend introducing the hay type with the inclusion of probiotic feed additive “EnzActive” at the rate of 8 g/head into the intensive livestock technology fattening a day. No adverse side effects of “EnzActive” bio-additives on the general functional condition of young bull's residents were found
Pharmacological evaluation and preclinical studies of hypochlorous acid solution
Get PDFThe article presents materials on the electrochemical synthesis of hypochlorous acid and its pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. In the market of veterinary drugs, special attention has been paid to long-known, potent detoxifying antimicrobial agents based on active oxygen obtained by the electrolysis method. In addition to a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, such drugs have several other advantages, especially the biogenic nature, which causes the absence of allergic reactions. New electrocatalysts were proposed for the electrochemical synthesis of hypochlorous acid, which was produced according to the following method using a combined electrochemical-pyrolytic method. VT1-0 technical titanium was used as a current collector. The current collectors were subjected to several preliminary preparation steps, such as NaOH degreasing and etching in 6 M HCl. Initial nanotubes were obtained by anodizing Ti foil in ethylene glycol with 0.3 wt.% ammonium fluoride and 2 vol.% water for 4 hours. The electrochemical reduction was carried out in 1 M HClO4 by cathodic polarization for 1 hour. Later, a thin discontinuous layer of platinum or consecutive layers of platinum-palladium were applied to the base by electrodeposition. Nitrite electrolytes for platinization and phosphate-palladation were used for this purpose. Depending on the task, platinum, and palladium on the ground's surface varied from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/cm2. The obtained material was heat-treated in an air atmosphere. At this stage, the surface layers of composites were formed due to the oxidation of the base and encapsulation of platinum and palladium particles in titanium oxide. It was established that the solution of hypochlorous acid, obtained by the electrolysis method, is a low-hazard substance that belongs to the fourth class of toxicity. Its half-lethal dose (DL50) is not determined. The fact that, in nature, hypochlorite acid is formed by granulocytes of neutrophils involved in the last link of phagocytosis confirms that the resulting solution is low-toxic, environmentally safe, and incapable of causing side effects and distant consequences. The obtained results proved the perspective of using new technology for producing hypochlorite acid for veterinary medicine; its development is highly relevant, clinically expedient, and economically justified
Effect of a mineral-phytobiotic supplement on meat productivity and meat quality of crossbred sheep
Get PDFThe article provides data on modern lamb production systems and factors affecting their quality. In order to obtain high-quality lamb, a mineral-phytobiotic additive was developed, which includes sulfate and sodium metasilicate as sources of sulfur and silicon, and a phytobiotic additive containing chili pepper, which has a fungicidal effect and exhibits antibacterial properties, intensifying the digestion process, cinnamon essential oil, which contributes to the normalization of the composition of the intestinal microflora and its stabilization. Carvacrol, contained in oregano oil, exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties; thanks to this, it can be a good antiseptic, killing parasites that cause intestinal dysfunction. The best result was the addition of such a mixture in the amount of 1.8 % to the compound feed for young sheep in rearing from 10 days to 255 days of age. In order to study the influence of the mineral-phytobiotic supplement on growth intensity and meat quality, sheep were weighed at one day, 60, 100, 135, 180, and 255 days of age. In order to control the slaughter indicators of meat productivity, they were slaughtered at the age of 255 days (8.5 months, lamb category), since the meat of these animals is consumable. The taste properties of the meat were also assessed by tasting. As a result of the controlled slaughter, it was established that the addition of 1.8 % of the mineral-phytobiotic additive increased the live weight by 18.68 %, the slaughter weight by 22.87 %, the weight of the steamed carcass by 21.5 %, the chilled by 22.29 % of the slaughter yield by 3.52 %. Along with the increase in overall productivity, the chemical composition of lamb meat changed. In particular, protein level increased by 4.22 %, dry matter by 6.09 %, and ash by 11.25 %. The calorie content of meat increased by 2.47 %, and the protein/fat ratio approached 1 : 0.75 and was 1 : 0.79. The definition of taste qualities indicates that the meat of young animals is lighter and more delicate to taste. The nutritional value and dietary properties of meat were determined by color, tenderness, aroma, taste, juiciness, and appearance. The taste qualities of sheep were assessed by tasting. According to the organoleptic assessment, the meat from sheep of both groups had a pleasant smell, tender and juicy. According to the general assessment, the meat of the experimental group is excellent, and that of the control group is very good