California State University (CSU): Open Journal Systems
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Justice of Both Sides: Transforming Education Through Restorative Justice: Book Review
No full textThis is a book review of Justice on Both Sides: Transforming Education Through Restorative Justice by Maisha Winn. The book\u27s central claim is that restorative justice is a transformative practice that should be implemented in schools. Winn (2018) provides an explanation of the paradigmatic shift needed by educators to successfully implement the program. She explores current programs through a qualitative study and uses ethnographic data to tell the story of students, faculty, and administrators as they participate in restorative justice. This book does not provide any easy answers or a step by step guide. But it does offer the path to critical consciousness that educators need to effectively implement a restorative justice program
The Community College Presidency Demystified: Creating a Pipeline of Latino Leaders
Get PDFCommunity colleges are designed to serve populations largely drawn from a local base. In an increasing number of cases, the student populations are diverse, while both the administration and faculty, particularly in positions of leadership, are overwhelmingly white. Because of changing demographics, many community colleges serve predominately Latino communities. The present article describes the impact of a national culturally tailored leadership development program for Latino administrators in community colleges. Using data from extensive, semi-structured interviews, this qualitative research study demonstrates that participants in the leadership fellows program found their experience empowering and transformational. Research findings indicate that as a direct result of their participation in a culturally relevant leadership program, participants felt increased confidence and sought out executive community college leadership positions. Additionally, participants benefitted from a national network of peers and mentors. 
Brown America: An Acknowledgement of this Nation’s Roots America was, is, and always will be…“brown”
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This concept paper addresses the hyperbole and irrational fear related to the demographic projection often termed as the “browning of America.” The “browning” is a term that refers to a growing “non-white” population in the United States. The case is made for how, from the inception of its creation, the United States culture and society were built upon foundational roots originating from the Indigenous people of the American continent with added elements comprised of many cultures from various regions of the world. Rather than embracing the perspective of a demographic “browning,” the position taken in this paper rejects a white supremacist orientation that negates yet appropriates the contributions of multiple cultures to U.S. culture.
Examples of how United States language, culture, and customs are derived from various “non-white” cultures and traditions attest to how those descended from the European Diaspora have been assimilated into a pluralistic “brown” worldview. For this reason, the position taken is that the United States always was, still is, and forever will be, “brown.” Yet, the generational trauma held by a significant portion of European Americans and coupled by their dislocation undermines their capacity to experience healthy psycho-social integration. For this reason, this paper touches upon the psychological and sociological etiology of a white supremacist orientation and the cost for the lack of knowledge and attribution to the sources of the unique nature of U.S. culture. 
Distribution and Properties of the Critical Values of Random Polynomials With Non-Independent and Non-Identically Distributed Roots
Get PDFThis paper considers the pairing between the distribution of the roots and the distribution of the critical values of random polynomials. The primary model of random polynomial considered in this paper consists of monic polynomials of degree n with a single complex variable z where the roots of the random polynomial are complex valued random variables that are chosen from two independent sequences of iid, complex valued random variables. The distribution of the random variables from each of the two sequences are different, producing roots of the random polynomial which have non-identical distributions. Furthermore, both the iid, complex valued random variables from one of the sequences of random variables and the complex conjugates of those random variables are roots of the random polynomial. Hence, this model of monic random polynomials of degree n has roots that are random variables which are not independent, due to the dependence based on complex conjugates, and the non-identical distributions which arise from the use of the two independent sequences. This paper also describes the relationship between the roots and critical values of monic random polynomials of degree n where the roots are chosen to be random variables and their complex conjugates where the random variables are from a sequence of iid complex valued random variables
Families and Households in Colonial New England and the Chesapeake
No full textHistorians have concluded that the household was one of the most important forms of authority during colonial America. To further examine the household structure, this paper is divided into two sections. The first section compares New England colonies to the Chesapeake region to examine the development of the household structure. The second section examines the experiences of children, both free and indentured, and their contribution to a stronger household government. By utilizing quantitative and qualitative primary sources such as data, sermons, letters, newspaper advertisements, and legal codes this paper analyses the development of a strong household institution between the seventeenth century and the eighteenth century. 
The Inverse Gamma Distribution and Benford\u27s Law
Get PDFAccording to Benford\u27s Law, many data sets have a bias towards lower leading digits (about 30% are 1\u27s). The applications of Benford\u27s Law vary: from detecting tax, voter and image fraud to determining the possibility of match-fixing in competitive sports. There are many common distributions that exhibit such bias, i.e. they are almost Benford.
These include the exponential and the Weibull distributions. Motivated by these examples and the fact that the underlying distribution of factors in protein structure follows an inverse gamma distribution, we determine the closeness of this distribution to a Benford distribution as its parameters change
Human Resources Special Education Teacher Recruitment: Utilizing Grow Your Own
Get PDFThis paper seeks to analyze the implementation process of a Grow-Your-Own (GYO) model to address Special Education certified teacher recruitment and retention. Though routed in California, the needs articulated here are generalizable throughout the U.S. It addresses Human Resources managers who may seek to implement a GYO model for teacher recruitment at the site level. By leveraging national and state data bases, well-respected research, and several qualitative interviews with those currently overseeing a GYO model, it answers: a) what persistent gaps in Special Education teacher pipelines and equity outcomes currently exist, b) why GYO models meet these unique challenges, and c) how Leader-Member Exchange Theory can aid implementation of GYO modeling at the site level.
The author concludes with several key recommendations for districts, and specifically HR managers among them: 1) Recognize the need for long-term planning and conduct needs analysis with current staff. 2) Develop capacity through culture and strategic partnering including grant funds seeking, and 3) shadow current successful programs. 
THE DISCOURSE OF THE BEYOND AND NONDUALISM: REFLECTIONS ON ASTĀVAKRA ŚANKARA AND IBN ARABI
Get PDFNondualism as presented in Aṣṭāvakra Gītā, Śankara and Ibn Arabi implies the thesis that there is no need to invoke any notion of abstract beyond conceived in opposition to the world. The hypothesis of transcendental beyond needed to be affirmed as an object of faith and a proposition is here argued to be superfluous. Idealistic mystical philosophies of diverse traditions are not speculative ontological inquiries but fundamentally ways of looking at the world and their cognitive claims are often misrepresented with simplistic label of transcendentalism. Their primary interest is existential and psycho-spiritual and not any explanatory theory regarding this or the other world. Though explicitly upholding that the world as ordinarily experienced is not to be equated with Reality as such their view of transcendence needs to be understood in more nuanced way that appropriates much of reservations against transcendentalist thought currents today. I first quote some verses from Aṣṭāvakra Gītā that question a simplistic transcendentalist interpretation of Vedānta or Sufism and plead for seeing nondualism as an existential therapy that results in changed attitude towards everything by change in self-definition rather than a speculative metaphysical inquiry or philosophy in the modern sense of the term. The key arguments of the paper are that for achieving liberation or enlightenment we need not invoke any notion of beyond as a separate existential or conceptual category and then question, debate, relate to or be skeptical of it. Nothing needs to be done to access any proposed beyond of thought. Absolute receptivity or innocence alone is demanded and discoveries of this state can’t be expressed in conceptual terms and this means that all ideological battles or appropriations of Vedāntic and Sufi “position” are suspect