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Cellulase-Assisted Enhancement of Phenolics in Black Glutinous Rice Tape: An RSM Optimization Study
Get PDFBlack glutinous rice (BGR) tape is a traditional fermented product rich in phenolic compounds, which may provide health benefits. However, the dense aleurone layer and limited microbial activity during fermentation may leave a portion of bound phenolics. This study aimed to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) in BGR tape by combining cellulase treatment with statistical optimization. Using response surface methodology (RSM), a two-factor central composite design (CCD) was employed to evaluate the effects of incubation time and enzyme concentration on TPC response (Folin-Ciocalteu, mg GAE/g sample). A quadratic model was developed and assessed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and diagnostics. The ANOVA results indicated the model was significant, and the lack-of-fit was not significant. The findings showed that the most influential variables were the linear term of incubation time (p = 0.0001), followed by the quadratic term of incubation time (p = 0.01667), and then the linear term of enzyme concentration. The quadratic term of enzyme concentration and the interaction between factors had no significant effect. Response surface and contour plots revealed that longer incubation times increased TPC, though extended incubation eventually led to a decrease. RSM analysis identified an optimal fermentation time of 71.16 h and an enzyme concentration of 21.13 U/g of enzyme, predicting a TPC of 0.414 mg GAE/g with a desirability of 1. These results suggest that the optimal condition for optimizing TPC in BGR tape involves extended incubation periods and low to moderate enzyme concentrations. The model provides a quantitative basis for process optimization within the studied ranges. Overall, RSM proves to be an effective method for optimizing phenolic enhancement in BGR tape fermentation
Development and Characterization of Calcium Lactate-Activated Sodium Alginate-Gum Arabic Edible Films
Get PDFIndonesia generated approximately 12.87 million tons of plastic waste in 2023, highlighting the urgent need to develop biodegradable alternatives such as edible films. This study investigated the effect of sodium alginate - gum arabic ratios on the physical and mechanical properties of edible films, combined with a calcium lactate spray activation technique aimed at enhancing film crosslinking, fasten gelling speed and improve performance. A completely randomized design with four treatments (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 ratios of sodium alginate and gum arabic) and five replications was applied. Parameters evaluated included thickness, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength, elongation, and microscopic morphology. Results showed that higher sodium alginate concentrations significantly increased film thickness (0.023– 0.094 mm) and significantly improved barrier properties, as indicated by lower WVTR values (69–94 g/m²/day). Tensile strength varied across treatments, reaching the highest value at the 1:1 ratio (8.24 MPa), while elongation peaked at the 2:1 ratio (30.94%), suggesting an optimal balance between flexibility and strength. Microscopic observation revealed fewer air bubbles and more homogeneous structures at higher sodium alginate levels. The introduction of calcium lactate spray activation, rather than conventional immersion or solution mixing, represents a novel crosslinking strategy that is suitable for edible film production. This method demonstrates a promising pathway toward the development of sustainable and high-performance biodegradable packaging materials
A Systematic Review of Food Safety Risks in Plant and Seaweeds as Emerging Alernative Protein Sources
Get PDFAlternative plant and seaweed protein sources other than soy and pea have gained significant interest as sustainable replacements of animal proteins in the last decades. However, despite a large food safety literature base, there are concerns about their food safety risks. The current study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge and gaps on safety risks associated with brewers' spent grain (BSG), grapes, hazelnuts, potatoes, pumpkins, and seaweed. A systematic review between 2003 and 2023 was conducted in the PubMed database to identify microbial, chemical, mycotoxins, heavy metals, and allergenic risks in the key commodities. The records obtained were exported into an online reference management platform, screened by inclusion and exclusion search strings, and the duplicates were removed. Finally, two reviewers assessed the eligibility of the full-text articles. The findings demonstrated that 9127 papers were identified, and 1639 of them were left for eligibility assessment. The reviewers finally included 144 articles. Amongst the commodities, the most safety studies were on grapes, with 55 papers, followed by potatoes (n=38), seaweed (n=21), hazelnuts (n=19), pumpkin (n=9), and BSG (n=2), respectively. Based on the risk type, heavy metals were the most studied ones, with 49 papers, followed by mycotoxins (n=31), microbial risks (n=23), chemical contaminants (n=21), and allergenic risks (n=20), respectively. To meet the growing need for plant and seaweed proteins, their food safety aspects should be extensively studied to deliver safe, healthy, and affordable substitutes based on robust safety standards
Kemas Ulang Informasi sebagai Strategi Literasi untuk Pemberdayaan Komunitas di Bidang Urban Farming
Get PDFUrban farming telah berkembang sebagai strategi adaptif komunitas perkotaan dalam menjawab tantangan ketahanan pangan akibat alih fungsi lahan, tekanan industrialisasi, dan keterbatasan akses terhadap informasi teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana proses repackaging informasi dilakukan dalam konteks praktik urban farming di Desa Bergas Kidul, Kabupaten Semarang, melalui integrasi pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR) dan prinsip agroekologi berbasis komunitas. Repackaging dilakukan dalam enam tahap iteratif, mulai dari identifikasi sumber pengetahuan teknis, penyederhanaan konten, uji coba demplot, hingga produksi media pembelajaran kontekstual berbentuk poster, buku saku, dan pelatihan visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan literasi teknis dapat diatasi melalui pendekatan partisipatif dan visualisasi kontekstual, dengan menjembatani konten teknis, konteks lokal, dan strategi penyampaian. Proses ini memungkinkan terbangunnya modul pembelajaran yang tidak hanya informatif, tetapi juga komunikatif dan aplikatif bagi warga. Temuan ini memperkuat pentingnya literasi informasi berbasis komunitas sebagai prasyarat keberhasilan program urban farming yang berkelanjuta
Pengetahuan Lokal Sunda di Kampung Bareto Garut
Get PDFKampung Bareto dibangun dengan tujuan sebagai sumber belajar bagi masyarakat yang hendak mengetahui budaya Sunda. Pada tempat ini tersedia berbagai fasilitas seperti rumah tradisional, museum, dan alat permainan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan lokal Sunda dari beragam fasilitas tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan tematik untuk mengidentifikasi tema pengetahuan lokal. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Sunda memiliki beragam pengetahuan lokal. Bangunan merepresentasi pengetahuan tentang arsitektur, kesehatan, dan bencana. Koleksi senjata membuktikan pengetahuan tentang metalurgi. Koleksi peralatan pertanian mewakili pengetahuan tentang teknik bertani ramah lingkungan dan mesin penggiling padi tradisional. Permainan tradisional mencerminkan pengetahuan tentang psikologi, sosiologi, dan ekonomi. Alat musik menyimpan pengetahuan tentang etnomatematika dan kesehatan. Peralatan dapur membuktikan adanya penguasaan teknik pengolahan tanah liat yang tidak merembeskan air, geometri, dan kesehatan. Lagu tradisional menyimpan pengetahuan tentang sosiologi, psikologi, ilmu budaya, ilmu komunikasi, dan ilmu ekonomi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan lokal yang terepresentasi dari fasilitas di Kampung Bareto adalah arsitektur (bangunan tradisional), kesehatan (bangunan, musik), bencana (bangunan), pertanian (peralatan bertani), mesin tani tradisional (lesung, lumpang, alu), psikologi (permainan, alat musik, lagu), ilmu ekonomi (permainan dan lagu), sosiologi (permainan dan lagu), ilmu komunikasi (lagu), budaya (lagu), metalurgi (senjata), pengolahan tanah liat (gerabah), geometri (anyaman), dan etnomatematika (alat musik). Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi sumber referensi bagi penelitian sejenis untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan lokal yang dimiliki oleh kampung adat dari berbagai etnis di Indonesia
The Relevance of Financial Services Authority Policy Direction on Fintech Lending in Realising Sustainable Development Goals
Get PDFSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the economic sector cover various aspects, including poverty-oriented economic development. The financial sector has undergone modernisation marked by the emergence of financial technology (fintech). In Indonesia, fintech is regulated by Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) No. 40 of 2024, but this regulation has weaknesses. This study aims to identify the relevance between SDG principles and current fintech practices and to formulate the direction of POJK No. 40 of 2024 on fintech lending in realising SDGs in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical based on literature, referring to laws and regulations, books, journals, and supporting data. The analysis was conducted descriptively through a legal and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that fintech lending has a strong connection with the SDGs pillars, so fintech policies need to be directed in line with the vision of sustainable development. The regulations in POJK No. 40 of 2024 have the potential to hinder the establishment of business entities and trigger the emergence of illegal services. Therefore, a balance of policies and increased socialisation are needed to improve the legal culture of society
Implementation of Halal Certification through a-Self Declare Scheme in Micro and Small Enterprises: An Empirical Study in the Bandung City
Get PDFThe study aims to find out the application of Government Regulation No. 39 of 2021 in the implementation of halal certification through a self-declaration scheme by MSEs in the city of Bandung. This research is in line with the requirement of halal certification for food and beverage products, including for Micro and Small Enterprises, in October 2026. This research also uses the Halal Product Assurance Law, sharia maqashid theory, and sharia principles in the implementation of halal certification with a self-declare scheme. This study adopts an empirical juridical approach, focusing on both the review of prevailing legal provisions and their practical application in the field. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method with the objective of presenting facts in a structured manner and interpreting them within the framework of Sharia economic law. The data utilized are qualitative in nature, gathered through several techniques such as conversations with stakeholders involved in the matter, analysis of official documentation, and literature reviews that strengthen the theoretical basis of this research. The findings indicate that the application of halal certification through the self-declaration scheme by MSEs in Bandung City aligns with the stipulations of Government Regulation No. 39 of 2021 on the Implementation of Halal Product Assurance. However, several obstacles were identified, particularly the lack of a Business Identification Number (NIB) among most MSEs and the challenges they face in accessing the SIHALAL system. However, even though there are inhibiting factors, the presence of Halal Companions is very helpful for MSEs in carrying out halal certification through self-declaration. The most important supporting factor in the implementation of halal certification through the self-declare scheme is the awareness of MSE actors of the importance of halal certification. Thus, the implementation of halal certification through the self-declare scheme is in accordance with maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, namely the basic goals that Islamic sharia wants to achieve in safeguarding human welfare. The principle of maslahah in the context of implementing halal certification through self-declaration is not just a legal justification, but is the main spirit of the policy. The self-declare scheme is also a form of moral and spiritual education for business actors, who are not only smart in business but also have high integrity and religious awareness. In addition, the self-declaration scheme also fulfils the written principle, because it can create transparency and provide legal certainty for both business actors and Muslim consumers
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Radiasi Sinar-X Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)
Get PDFExcessive exposure to X-ray radiation can be harmful to human health; therefore, it is important to regularly monitor its intensity, especially in laboratories equipped with ionizing radiation facilities. This research aims to develop an X-ray radiation monitoring system designed to measure radiation levels in the Material Characterization Unit of the Physics Laboratory at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The research method refers to the prototype model, which consists of several stages: communication, quick planning, quick design modeling, and prototype construction. This monitoring system is essential due to the presence of an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) machine, which serves as a source of ionizing radiation.The developed system consists of an X-ray radiation detector integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller that transmits data to a cloud server via a Wi-Fi protocol. The radiation detector used in this monitoring system is a Geiger-Müller counter. The measured radiation data can also be displayed on an OLED 128x64 screen. Data acquisition is recorded online using the Google Sheets Application Programming Interface (API), enabling real-time data logging. Experimental results of radiation measurements inside the XRD unit show a radiation dose of 319.2 µSv at a distance of 30 cm from the tube at an angle of 30°, while environmental radiation measurements indicate a dose of 0.815 µSv. The monitoring system’s measurements were compared with those obtained from a standard survey meter, Ludlum Model 3. The results demonstrate that the developed system is capable of measuring X-ray radiation in real-time and can be effectively used for X-ray radiation monitoring
Examining the Citizen Satisfaction in New Sakpole: Insights from the Technology Acceptance Model
Get PDFE-government represents a governmental adaptation aimed at enhancing digital public service. The Regional Revenue Management Agency (Bapenda) of Central Java Province has developed an e-government application called New Sakpole, designed to facilitate online motor vehicle tax payments for the public. However, the application has been perceived as presenting challenges, such as difficulties in use and limited utility, leading to dissatisfaction. This study examined the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on user satisfaction with the New Sakpole application for motor vehicle tax payments in Central Java. Employing a quantitative approach, primary data were collected from 100 respondents and analysed using Spearman's rank correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between perceived ease of use and user satisfaction, with a 59.7% contribution to the model. Perceived usefulness also showed a positive and significant correlation with satisfaction, contributing 41.2%. Simultaneous analysis of the two variables further demonstrated a significant positive relationship of 68.3%. The study concluded that all tested variables exhibited a positive and significant relationship, underscoring the importance of perceived ease of use and usefulness as key indicators for enhancing user satisfaction. The more accessible and beneficial an application is, the higher the level of user satisfaction
Bacteria Patterns and Antibiotic Sensitivities in Patients with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: Study of Patients with PPROM ≤ 6 Hours And > 6 Hours at General Hospital Kariadi Semarang
No full textBackground: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) has multifactorial causes. Ascending bacterial invasion can cause intrauterine infection in up to 60% of cases with PPROM. Giving antibiotics at inadequate concentrations causes bacteria to grow exponentially, which is characterized by very fast growth.Objective: This study aims to determine bacteria patterns and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with PPROM at Dr. RSUP. Kariadi, Semarang.Methods: Observational analytical research with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 46 pregnant women aged 20-36 weeks 6 days who experienced PPROM. The selection of research subjects was carried out using the consecutive sampling method, namely the selection of research subjects based on research criteria and the subjects signed an agreement to participate in the research. The independent variables in this study were preterm PPROM ≤ 6 hours and > 6 hours, the dependent variables in this study were bacteria patterns and antibiotic sensitivity. The data that has been obtained is analyzed using the SPSS program. Results are significant if p 6 hours did not have significant differences in bacteria patterns and antibiotic sensitivity results.Conclusion: The gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria Escherichia coli and the fungus Candida albicans are the main pathogens that cause PPROM. The administration of vancomycin, meropenem, and amphotericin B has high effectiveness in PPROM patients at RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang