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Total Fenolik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Get PDFTubuh membutuhkan antioksidan untuk menetralisir stres oksidatif yang disebabkan oleh radikal. Daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) diketahui memiliki antioksidan alami yang mampu menghambat oksidasi radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan total fenolik daun mimba. Pembuatan ekstrak dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 95% dan fraksinasi bertingkat dengan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Penapisan fitokimia meliputi uji senyawa metabolit sekunder. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP, serta total fenolik diuji menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Ekstrak daun mimba terbukti positif mengandung senyawa saponin, alkaloid, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol 95%, fraksi air, n-heksana, dan etil asetat daun mimba masing-masing 109,6949; 117,1608; 147,2686; 131,4615 ppm pada DPPH dan 82,315; 115,661; 326,554; 737,732 ppm pada FRAP. Total fenolik ekstrak etanol 95%, fraksi air, n-heksana, dan etil asetat daun mimba sebesar 66194,94; 27165,06; 13801,06; 25181,46 mg TAE/kg sampel asam tanat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi daun mimba memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kuat sampai sedang
Qualitative Assessment of Domestic Water Supply in the Major Districts of Karachi City for a Sustainable Urban Water Quality Management
Get PDFThe rising population, changing climate patterns and land use changes have emerged to be a serious consequence for the freshwater resources across the globe. Apart from water quantity, the water quality also holds a significant importance for the human health and the overall ecosystem. Due to the high population growth, massive migrations, and greater anthropogenic activities, the urban centers of the developing and underdeveloped countries are highly susceptible to water quality deterioration and waterborne diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the water quality of domestic water supply in the three (03) major and highly populated districts of Karachi city of Pakistan including District Central, South, and East, receiving water from Keenjhar Lake via COD treatment plant. The physical test results showed higher turbidity levels (6.33 NTU) in Dhoraji (District East), 5.9 NTU in Boat Basin (District South), and 7.58 NTU in COD influent. Chemically, all samples showed satisfactory results as per the WHO guidelines. However, the biological water quality analysis showed significant presence of bacterial content (E-Coli and Total Coliform) in all collected samples. Conclusively, the treatment efficiency of COD treatment plant was found to be satisfactory and the contamination was mainly found due to the sewage and fecal mixing, presence of mud and silt in conduits, and leakage of sewage from the waste water pipes into the domestic water supply. The presence of harmful biological contaminants found in water is alarming, as it may consequentially lead to Diarrhea, vomiting, Typhoid, Cholera, and Jaundice. Thus, the research outcomes clearly unearthed the existing water quality of the mega city and would significantly serve to formulate well-integrated and holistic source water protection practices and to take effective measures for sustainable water quality management
Analisis Entomologi Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus Terhadap Lonjakan Kasus DBD Serta Upaya Penanggulangannya (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Rengel Tahun 2019-2024)
No full textENTOMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITOES ON THE SPIKE IN DENGINEERING CASES AND COMBAT EFFORTS (CASE STUDY IN RENGEL DISTRICT 2019-2024)xv + 55 pages + 8 tables + 10 pictures + 8 attachments Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as the main vectors. This study aims to analyze the spike in cases that occurred significantly in Rengel District, Tuban Regency, East Java, in 2024, after the previous five years showed a low and stable trend of cases. The spike in cases reached 36 people, almost double the previous years, with the majority of cases occurring in January to April, which coincides with the rainy season. Entomological factors, such as mosquito habitats that are in accordance with the local environment, climatic factors such as temperatures between 25–30°C, high humidity, and erratic rainfall accelerate the life cycle of mosquitoes and replication of the dengue virus in the vector's body. The results of the analysis show that the 0–15 age group is the most vulnerable group (51.7%) and males are more infected (61%) than females. Karangtinoto Village recorded the highest number of cases, while Ngadirejo Village recorded the lowest. Seasonal patterns and irregular rainfall due to global climate phenomena such as La Niña contribute to the increased risk of transmission. In addition, the decreased effectiveness of control programs such as fogging and mosquito nest eradication, as well as the lack of public awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness are serious challenges. Therefore, a more intensive and integrated vector control strategy is needed by considering the bioecological aspects of vectors, local environmental conditions, and public education. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for policy makers in designing more effective vector-based disease risk mitigation measures, especially in the Rengel District and its surroundings
Gambaran Praktik Pencegahan Komplikasi Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jepara
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease that occurs due to the unbalanced amount of insulin in the body Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic process disorder characterized by increased blood sugar levels, diabetes is still a non-communicable disease with a high number of cases per year. The high number of type 2 diabetes mellitus is also followed by an increase in the number of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus complications. The number of diabetes mellitus type 2 complication in Jepara Increasing every year, as many 0.64% in 2024 of reported cases increasing from 2023 while the incidence of complications was 0.58%. There are various factors that influence the prevention of complications such as knowledge, eating behaviour, diet management of sufferers and physical activity. The need for control of prevention of complications of diabetes mellitus, especially in the lifestyle of the community in overcoming complications to reduce the morbidity of sufferers. The purpose of the study was to provides an overview of behaviors related to the practice of preventing complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Jepara District Health Center area. Method: This analysis uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study analysis method. The population analyzed was patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 30-70 years at the Jepara District Health Center and a sample consisting of 115 people was selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire interviews and filling out the questionnaire research instrument by respondents. The result of the study showed that there was a patients' knowledge of Type 2 DM is good with a percentage value of 67.0%, have a eating behaviour with a percentage of 68.7%, have poor dietary management with a value of 53.9%, in addition, the most respondents have heavy physical activity 68.7%, and in the practice of preventing complications in Type 2 DM patients, the majority of Type 2 DM patients at the Jepara District Health Center have poor complication prevention practices of 64.3%. Based on this, it is expected that health workers will continue to provide assistance and support to improve the practice of preventing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , Complication Prevention, Patient Knowledge, Eating Behaviour, Diet Regullation, Physical Activit
Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Investigasi Kontak Tuberkulosis oleh Kader Yayasan Mentari Sehat Indonesia di Kabupaten Semarang
No full textLatar belakang: Penemuan kasus Tuberkulosis (TBC) di Kabupaten Semarang masih rendah, dengan angka notifikasi hanya 69 per 100.000 penduduk pada 2022. Yayasan Mentari Sehat Indonesia (YMSI) sebagai satu-satunya lembaga swadaya masyarakat di wilayah tersebut melaksanakan program Investigasi Kontak (IK) berbasis komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanaan program IK oleh kader YMSI Kabupaten Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif kualitatif yang dilaksanakan pada Juli 2024–April 2025 di Kabupaten Semarang. Informan terdiri dari 19 kader TBC dan 2 informan triangulasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan triangulasi sumber. Hasil: Program IK YMSI menunjukkan peningkatan deteksi kasus dari 39% (Mei 2024) menjadi 60% (November 2024), namun stagnan hingga Maret 2025. Kekuatan program meliputi partisipasi pelatihan rutin, insentif berbasis kinerja, dan logistik dasar yang memadai. Hambatan utama adalah minimnya supervisi lapangan, keterbatasan SOP teknis edukasi, dan kendala logistik. Simpulan: Peningkatan kualitas supervisi, perbaikan SOP, dan penguatan logistik diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program. Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, Investigasi kontak, Analisis progra
STRATEGY FOR EXPLORATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE REAL SECTOR ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PASAN DISTRICT, MINAHASA TENGGARA DISTRICT
Get PDFThe real sector is one of the sectors that triggers economic growth in a region. Real sector growth is influenced by various factors, such as the availability of natural resources, investment, government policies, innovation and technology, as well as education and training, including in sub-district areas. Especially in Pasan District, which is the object of research for potential problems such as the agricultural sector: agricultural activities, plantations, forestry and fisheries; Industry: includes processing of raw materials, production of semi-finished goods and finished goods; Mining: includes mining of minerals, such as gold, sand, stone; . Tourism: includes tourist activities, accommodation and management of tourist destinations. Construction: includes the construction of infrastructure and buildings, especially those involving a large number of workers, and this sector has not been managed optimally.Thus, this research aims to find out strategies for exploring (exploring) the potential of the real sector for the regional economy, especially in Pasan sub-district, to find out the factors that influence real sector growth. And the contribution of the real sector to the rotation of the wheels of the economy. This research uses the qualitative descriptive method stage, namely the analysis of data obtained in the form of words, images or behavior, and not expressed in the form of numbers or statistical figures, but by providing an explanation or description of the situation or conditions studied in the form of a description.The research results show that the real sector potential of Pasan District which can improve the economy includes trading business activities such as Retail, Shops, Stalls, Culinary, Livestock and Traditional MarketsFactors that influence real sector growth on economic growth in Pasan sub-district. The number of existing businesses is around 112 businesses with 115 workers and a sales turnover of around 50 million per day which can turn the wheels of the economy in Pasan sub-district.With existing businesses you can make contributions to the government both in the form of paying taxes and helping in social activities.Keywords: Real sector, economic growth, industry, innovation, investment, technolog
Potret Peran Istri Buruh Nelayan dalam Dinamika Sosial Kampung Nelayan Desa Bendar
Get PDFPerempuan yang tinggal di wilayah pesisir kerap dipandang hanya mampu menjalankan pekerjaan domestik dan bergantung secara ekonomi pada suami. Realitas kehidupan dalam keluarga nelayan tidaklah mudah, terutama karena kondisi ekonomi yang tidak stabil dan seringnya suami tidak berada di rumah dalam waktu lama karena pekerjaan melaut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kampung Nelayan Desa Bendar dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan etnografi. Informan dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling, khususnya istri dari para buruh nelayan. untuk menggambarkan secara mendalam dinamika peran yang dijalankan oleh para istri buruh nelayan beserta tantangan yang mereka hadapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji peran istri buruh nelayan melalui teori The Triple Role dari Caroline Moser, yang mengkategorikan peran perempuan ke dalam tiga bentuk utama: produktif, reproduktif, dan sosial kemasyarakatan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perempuan tidak hanya menjalankan tugas rumah tangga, tetapi juga berperan aktif dalam menopang ekonomi keluarga melalui berbagai usaha, seperti menjadi bakul ikan, pengrajin alat tangkap, atau membuka usaha kecil. Di samping itu, mereka tetap menjalankan peran reproduktif dengan mengasuh anak dan mengatur rumah tangga. Dalam konteks sosial, mereka turut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan komunitas seperti pengajian, arisan, dan program PKK, yang memperkuat hubungan sosial antarwarga. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pesisir berperan penting sebagai penggerak ekonomi dan agen perubahan sosial, bukan sekedar pelengkap dalam keluarga.
Narasi Pembangunan dalam Kebijakan Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah Tembakau: Strategi Bertahan Komunitas Petani di Dusun Gopaan
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana masyarakat Dusun Gopaan di Kabupaten Magelang merespon kebijakan pengendalian tembakau yang dikeluarkan pemerintah melalui serangkaian regulasi, termasuk Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 109 tahun 2012, dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 222 tahun 2017. Kebijakan tersebut berimplikasi langsung terhadap keberlanjutan ekonomi dan sosial masyaralat petani tembakau. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitaitf, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam dalam mengumpulkan data, mengkaji dan mengeksplorasi resistensi budaya yang muncul dari kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa masyarakat Dusun Gopaan tidak secara langsung menolak kebijakan pemerintah, tetapi melakukan perlawanan simbolik melalui praktik budaya yang dikenal dengan tradisi Nikahan Tembakau. Tradisi ini bukan hanya sebagai bentuk rasa syukur atas panen tembakau, tetapi juga sarana untuk mempertahankan identitas, solidaritas dan eksistensi ekonomi lokal di tengah tekanan regulasi. Nikahan Tembakau menjadi ruang alternatif bagi masyarakat untuk menegosiasikan makna pembangunan dan regulasi negara, serta menunjukkan adanya daya tahan komunitas dalam mempertahankan keberlanjutan hidup melalui praktik budaya
Administration of Ethanol Extract of Black Soybean Seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on the Number of Ovarian Tertiary Follicles and Serum Estradiol Levels in Wistar-Strain Rats (Rattus novergicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Get PDFBackground: Premature ovarian insufficiency is ovarian aging that occurs before the age of 40, with a global prevalence of 1.1%. Premature ovarian insufficiency can be induced by environmental exposures, particularly through free radicals generated by cigarette smoke.Objective: The purpose of this study was to prove that the administration of ethanol extract of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) can inhibit the decrease in ovarian tertiary follicle count and serum estradiol levels in Wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This research is an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design involving 30 Wistar-strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) that met the inclusion criteria. The rats were divided into five groups: group N (normal), group K (control), and group P1-P3 which received black soybean seed extract (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) at doses of 375 mg/kgBW (P1), 750 mg/kgBW (P2), and 1500 mg/kgBW (P3) administered orally via gavage every day for 28 days. The control group and treatment groups were exposed to cigarette smoke, after the administration of the extract, for 2 hours per day, 5 days a week, for 28 days. Serum estradiol levels (ng/L) were measured using the ELISA method, and ovarian tissue samples were collected for counting the number of ovarian tertiary follicles.Results: There was a significant difference in serum estradiol levels (p < 0,001), with the highest serum estradiol level observed in Group P1 (564.4 ± 74.28) and the lowest in Group K (116,7 ± 38,01). There was no significant difference in the number of ovarian tertiary follicles (p=0,645).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of black soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) at a dose of 375 mg/kg BW significantly inhibits the decrease in estradiol levels but did not affect the number of ovarian tertiary follicles in Wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke
Strategi Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Banjir Pada DAS Kirasa, Kabupaten Bulukumba
Get PDFBencana banjir kerap terjadi hampir disetiap wilayah, termasuk DAS Kirasa yang terletak di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Bencana banjir yang pernah terjadi di DAS Kirasa menimbulkan kerugian yang cukup besar terhadap masyarakat, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko bencana banjir di DAS Kirasa, Kabupaten Bulukumba, serta merumuskan strategi untuk mengurangi risiko bencana banjir di DAS Kirasa. Analisis risiko bencana benjir adalah metode analisis yang digunakan kemudian diolah menggunakan aplikasi ArcGis 8.10. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko bencana banjir pada DAS Kirasa terbagi dalam 2 kategori yaitu rendah dan tinggi. Untuk tingkat risiko rendah, desa/kelurahan yang termasuk yaitu Barombong, Bonto Sunggu, Polewali, Taccorong, Bialo, dan Balibo. Sedangkan untuk tingkat risiko tinggi yaitu Dampang, Bukit Tinggi, Polewali, Taccrong, Paenre Lampoe, Kalumeme, Ela-Ela, Caile, Terang-Terang, dan Loka. Untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko bencana banjir diperlukan strategi berupa optimalisasi kinerja kelompok tanggap bencana, pemerataan dana bantuan penanggulangan bencana, optimalisasi dan pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana serta implementasi aturan penanggulangan bencana dalam mengurangi risiko bencana