Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment possibilities for maxillary diastema
Get PDFIntroduction: Diastema is an aesthetic and phonetic issue most commonly observed in mixed and less frequently in permanent dentition. It is caused by pathological, iatrogenic factors, and those related to jaw development. There is no consensus among various authors regarding its frequency and prevalence in different populations.Aim: This study aims to conduct an in-depth investigation of the presence, distribution, and possible treatment methods for diastema based on available scientific literature.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between August 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, using the following keywords: “maxillary diastema,” “prosthetic treatment,” and “orthodontic treatment.” After applying all criteria, 36 literature sources were selected.Results: The analysis of the results reveals different interpretations of the term maxillary diastema. It can be categorized into physiological and pathological diastemata, with various etiological factors influencing its development. The frequency and prevalence vary between populations, ranging from 1.6% to 25.4%. Treatment for maxillary diastema may involve orthodontic treatment, combined orthodontic-surgical treatment, combined orthodontic-prosthetic treatment, therapeutic, and prosthetic treatment.Conclusion: Our study emphasizes that maxillary diastema is a form of malocclusion with a polyetiological nature and affects aesthetics, functionality, and speech. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment approach necessitates diagnosing the causes of its occurrence
ЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ АСПЕКТИ НА ДЕРМАТОЛОГИЧНАТА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ В ИНТЕРНЕТ
No full textIn the information society of today, healthcare reforms demand novel thinking and accurate use of medical terminology. The globalising world finds its direct expression in the wide layer of medical terminology, nominating new concepts and processes. Modern dermatological terminology is a layer of the lexical fund with its specific features. Considering their current stage of development, dermatological terms are widely distributed in the field of healthcare, in medical practice, on the Internet, etc.During the last two decades, dermatological terminology has been continuously replenished with numerous new lexical devices as a result of the development of medical science. These are both words and complex terms or phrases that are established in the specialised field of medical professionals.The purpose of this study is to analyse modern dermatological terms and draw conclusions and generalisations. It is based on images taken from the Internet (electronic textbooks on dermatology and medical journals, the Bulgarian online magazines Health magazine, Health World magazine, Allergology and Dermatology magazine, Lechitel.net, MD magazine, the websites lekar.bg, Мedinfo.bg, etc.)
Histomorphological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Hippocampal Damage: A Case Series
Get PDFThe direct healthcare side effects of the coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respira-tory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are immeasurable. Furthermore, the chronic sequels of the disease are yet to be adequately studied and evaluated in the context of the post-infectious specter, referred to as a post-COVID syndrome. One of the most commonly reported such sequel is the so-called “brain fog” – loss of concentration, learning difficulties, and confu-sion. Herein, we analyzed a series of 50 autopsies of RT-PCR-proven COVID-19. Central nervous system (CNS) samples were obtained in 49 of the cases, with dentate gyrus samples acquired in 9 of them. Histopathological spectrums of hippocampal changes included vascular, degenerative, apoptotic, and necrotic on H&E stains with varying severity. The diffuse nature of the vascular changes, together with the epitheliotropic and especially the endotheliotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2, would suggest that the CNS damage is both hypoxic and vasculotropic. Infected endothelial cells bulge and desquamate (necrosis), disrupting the blood-brain barrier and secondary damage to the neurons by permeating plasma substances
Obstructive sleep apnea, comorbidity, and impact on the person’s overall health
Get PDFIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated cessations in breathing during sleep. Consequences include low levels of oxygen saturation and reduced quality and quantity of sleep. Males are more often affected. The quality of life of the affected is greatly deteriorated.AimThe purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between OSA, comorbidity, and the impact on the individual’s overall health.Materials and MethodsA total of 100 patients (75 males and 25 females) with symptoms of sleep apnea were examined in the period 01.2023–09.2023. The conducted examinations were: polygraphy, rhinomanometry, posturography, vHIT, videonystagmography. All patients were examined by an otorhinolaryngologist and a dental medicine doctor. All patients filled out sleep assessment questionnaires, informed consent and personal data forms, medications intake, and general medical history questionnaires.ResultsTreatment of sleep apnea improves the apnea-hypopnea index values. The latter was found in more than 80% of the patients examined. Associations with various vestibular disorders have been demonstrated. Obstructive sleep apnea and snoring patients were found to feel dizzier and more unsteady. Data on this relationship were found in a total of 19 (19%) of the 100 patients examined—15 males and 4 females. Men were more affected by OSA than women.DiscussionThe results of the present study confirm that untreated obstructive sleep apnea leads to long-term consequences on the general health of affected patients.ConclusionTimely detection of OSA, follow-up, and treatment alleviate the symptoms and seriously increase the quality of life of the individual. Diagnosis and treatment must be carried out through a complex approach, in interdisciplinary teams of specialists
Postoperative pain after root canal treatment
Get PDFThe main goal of endodontic treatment is biomechanical preparation of the root canal, which includes (cleaning, shaping, disinfection) and its hermetic sealing as well as providing conditions for the healing of periradicular tissues. During the shaping of the root canal space products such as dentinal debris, microorganisms, or pulp residues are extruded into periapical tissues. This leads to irritation of the periodontal tissue, which in turn induces postoperative pain. It can be defined as onset of pain or other discomfort in the area of an endodontically treated tooth that occurs within a few hours or a few days after root canal treatment. The patient may feel slight pain in the tooth when chewing, biting, and local symptoms in the area of the oral mucosa such as redness, or a feeling of dull constant pain in the area of the periapex may be observed. Postoperative pain is defined as an unpleasant condition that often occurs after root canal treatment. It occurrence was found to vary between 3 to 58%. This severe pain was observed in 12% of patients within 24–48 hours after endodontic treatment. If it remains neglected, this sensitivity may cause suffering, compromise the quality of life, have psychosocial consequences, and become a public health problem
Application of artificial intelligence in e-commerce
Get PDFThe rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years is directly reflected in commercial activity, where a large number of transactions are carried out, a significant amount of data is formed and processed about deliveries made, sales made, and customers served. This is also true of e-commerce, which is establishing itself as the dominant non-store form of commercial exchange. The rise of artificial intelligence is changing the way businesses approach e-commerce. The algorithms and systems powered by it enable e-retailers to make data-driven decisions, automate processes and offer personalized experiences that match the unique preferences of individual customers. The purpose of this paper is to present the essence, advantages and guidelines for the application of artificial intelligence in e-commerce, and on this basis, the challenges for online merchants in its implementation are presented. The paper provides a brief analysis of data from Statista on the areas where artificial intelligence is helping e-commerce
Female expatriates’ barriers – myths and reality
Get PDFSending expatriates on international assignments today continues to be a serious challenge for organizations. Alongside the growing need for overseas employees, women are still under-represented (or even discriminated) compared to men. And while both men and women are capable of performing the various aspects of international job, there are additional challenges for the latter. The article examines the main barriers for women to get an international assignment. Basic myths about the reluctance of women due to the presence of family and "dual careers", as well as objective reasons such as the "glass ceiling" in the organization, are discussed. At the end, possible ways to overcome the barriers are presented
Learning management systems as a tool for learning in higher education
Get PDFIn recent years, Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become a major element of the technological transformation of education, providing educators and learners with a universal and effective environment for managing educational activities and resources.The article presents the purpose of learning management systems, focusing on their main functionalities as well as their advantages and limitations. Several leading learning management systems are reviewed and compared. A set of indicators is used, based on which the comparison is made. A conclusion is made regarding the possibilities for application in higher educational institutions as well