Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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The healing power of algae
Get PDFThalassotherapy is the therapeutic use of seawater or marine products to improve human health. Algae are the basis of modern thalassotherapy. The therapeutic or prophylactic use of seaweed, externally in the form of baths or internally as an extract of its plasma, is called algotherapy. Algotherapy is a special branch of phytotherapy in which marine plants (or bioactive compounds derived from them) are used for therapeutic purposes to treat or prevent the development of a number of diseases and their symptoms. Algae have been shown to be an effective alternative form of treatment for diseases that affect the skin and lymphatic tissue, as well as diseases that affect the internal organs, metabolism, and endocrine glands. This is due to the high content of vitamins, amino acids, trace elements, and other bioactive components that algae possess.Once algae extracts have been produced industrially by certified chemical, pharmaceutical, or other health industries, they are given the status of herbal medicines. Herbal medicines are defined as drugs produced from bioactive plant raw materials (without the inclusion of synthetic additives), the efficacy and safety of which have been confirmed by pharmacological studies, technical and scientific documentation, or clinical evidence. Algae extracts have been shown to be effective in treating a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes
Laparoscopic Versus Robotic Rectal Resections. Comparative Analysis of Perioperative Results
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Globally, the minimally invasive approach in colorectal surgery is accepted as more effective compared to open surgery in terms of better perioperative results with comparable oncological long-term ones. Laparoscopy in low rectal resection is challenging, even for experienced surgeons and is related to a high conversion rate. Robotic surgery has advantages in rotations of the instruments, 3D image, ergonomic position of the surgeon, precise movements, and intelligent systems for electrosurgery. The advantages are more visible in dissections in narrow spaces, such as the pelvis. On the other hand, the operating theater price of robotic surgery is higher compared to conventional laparoscopy. There are still limitations of both techniques in cases of advanced rectal cancer, obesity patients, and previous major surgery. Collected data in the literature show lower conversion rates in robotic rectal resections.AIM: The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the perioperative results of a personal series of patients with laparoscopic and robotic rectal resections. We aim to assess the levels of perioperative complications and conversion rate.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is based on an individual series of 76 minimally invasive rectal resections divided into two subgroups—46 laparoscopic resections and 30 robotic ones. An assessment is performed on perioperative results using all clinical methodsRESULTS: There were no differences between the patients according to gender and age distribution. The male to female ratio was approximately 2:3. In the group of laparoscopic operations, 21 were high anterior rectal resections. In the group of robotics, the number of high resections was only 4. The conversion rate for the laparoscopic group was 23.9% compared with 12.9% for the robotic one. The mortality rate was 0% for both techniques. The perioperative morbidity rate was 11.4% for the laparoscopic group and 19.2% for the robotic one. The median operative time the laparoscopic group vs. the robotic group was 144.7 min vs. 194.7 min; the median hospital stay—6.0 vs. 6.2 days; the median blood loss—34.7 vs. 43.9 mL; the extracted lymph nodes—12.2 vs. 8.8, respectively.CONCLUSION: Robotic rectal resections have a lower conversion rate. It seems to have higher morbidity rate with the other perioperative results being comparable to conventional laparoscopy. The prevalence of low rectal resections in the group of robotic operations might explain this fact
Clinical-laboratory characteristics, psychological assessment and quality of life in patients with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Get PDFNon-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) is a common autosomal recessive disease caused by partial or complete 21-hydroxylase deficiency, causing increased production of adrenal androgens and steroid precursors. As a hyperandrogenic condition, it negatively affects psychological health and quality of life.Aim: To evaluate the clinical-laboratory profile, psychological health, and quality of life in patients with NCCAH compared to healthy controls.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. It included 34 patients with NCCAH (mean age 16.2±3.4 years) and 34 healthy controls (mean age 15.0±3.1 years). Data on anthropometry, clinical and laboratory features of hyperandrogenism, and menstrual irregularities were collected. A validated World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Questionnaire-26 was used to assess physical (D1) and psychological (D2) health, social relationships (D3), and environment (D4). Psychological assessment was evaluated using the EDI-3 standardized questionnaire.Results: Hirsutism and acne were more common in girls with NCCAH, also showing a higher Ferriman-Gallwey score (18.7±5.3 vs 7.7±8.3, p<0.001) correlating with Androstendione and 17OHProgesterone levels (r=0.519, p<0.001, r=0.424, p<0.001). The presence of overweight or obesity was found in 17.7% of all participants, with no significant difference between groups. Analyzing the WHOBrief QoL questionnaire, the NCCAH girls showed significantly lower physical and psychological health scores as well as worse EDI-3 scores on 8 of all the psychological scales used.Conclusion: Girls with NCCAH commonly demonstrate both clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, which is closely associated with impaired QoL and psychological health
Necrotizing enterocolitis in the neonatal period—morbidity, risk factors, and recommendations for prevention
Get PDFNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a highly debilitating gastrointestinal disorder distinguished by intestinal inflammation and necrosis. This specific condition is commonly acknowledged as a common gastrointestinal emergency in neonates, particularly among premature infants who have successfully completed the initial neonatal period. Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause of death related to gastrointestinal disease in premature infants. The aim of the current review is to present an overview of the incidence, risk factors and preventive strategies for necrotizing enterocolitis. Prematurity is identified as the primary prognostic risk factor for NEC. The immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, namely in terms of its motility, digestion, perfusion, barrier function, and immunological defense, is a significant contributing factor for necrotizing enterocolitis. Potential reductions in the occurrence of NEC could be achieved through modifications in the feeding protocols for vulnerable individuals in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), such as promoting the utilization of human breast milk and closely monitoring the pace at which feedings are escalated
The most common causes of endodontic failure
Get PDFEndodontic treatment continues to focus on chemomechanical preparation and the removal of diseased tissues in order to eradicate bacteria and avoid subsequent pathologies.In addition to creating space for obturation, mechanical preparation of the canals also makes it easier to sanitize the root canal system using irrigation solutions.The presence of iatrogenic errors occurring during treatment, such as missed diagnosis, poor access cavity shape, coronal leakage, improper mechanical debridement or irrigation, untreated canals, perforations, separated instruments, poor canal obturation, and persistence of bacteria, are all linked to less effective endodontic outcome and clinical failure.Even though endodontic treatment has a high success rate, failures do happen frequently and are typically caused by the aforementioned factors
Submandibular triangle - in normal conditions and in acute purulent inflammatory diseases
Get PDFBackground. The submandibular triangle is a small, triangular-shaped paired space in the upper third of the anterior cervical region that contains tissues and organs with vital functions. This requires a thorough understanding of their acute inflammations, which are covered in this article.Materials and methods. This is a review article based on the detailed examination and analysis of 47 scientific medical papers from prestigious publications. The purpose is to provide a detailed and systematized view of the structure of the submandibular space and its acute purulent inflammatory diseases.Discussion. The submandibular lymph nodes are the main lymphatic collectors of the head's lymph. Their non-specific purulent diseases, known as lymphogenous abscesses, are caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and require surgical and antibacterial treatment. Acute purulent sialoadenitis of the submandibular salivary gland is one of its most common pathologies and is primarily treated with medication. Cutaneous and deep neck cysts in the area can cause a submandibular abscess of non-odontogenic origin when inflamed. Purulent infections of the lodge caused by an ill tooth are referred to as odontogenic abscesses. If, along with the submandibular space, the purulent collection also involves another lodge of the floor of the oral cavity, we call it a phlegmon of the mouth floor—a serious disease that often progresses severely and protractedly and can result in a fatal outcome. In addition to non-specific markers of inflammation such as the blood concentration of leukocytes (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), and C-reactive protein (CRP), more specialized blood parameters such as procalcitonin (PCT), which has a number of advantages over them, can be used. The calculation of the delta neutrophil index (DNI) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of acute neck infections nowadays.Conclusion. Acute, purulent inflammations of this anatomical structure are highly diverse. According to their origin, they can be divided into odontogenic, lymphogenic, and non-odontogenic. Their treatment includes antibacterial therapy and an incision to evacuate the pus
SOFT TISSUE DYSFUNCTIONS OF THE UPPER LIMB - PATHOKINESIOLOGICAL PREREQUISITE FOR THEIR OCCURRENCE
Get PDFВ спортове като, бокс, борба, карате се извършват специфични двигателни стереотипи, които ангажират динамичните и статични структури на опорно-двигателния апарат, определящи силата, издръжливостта, мобилността и постуралния контрол. Нормалното алиниране и конгруентността наставните компоненти определя балансираното разпределение на силите между медиално и латерално разположените структури на горните крайници. Улнарната девиация (отклонение) на киткена става преразтяга радиалния отдел и подлага на компресия структурите намиращи се от улнарната страна на китката. Това отклонение има отношение към травмите не само на китка и пръсти, но и към краниално разположените сегменти на горни крайници. Повтарящите се движения (прави удари, упражнения върху и на уреди), както движения свързани с рязка смяна на посоката и неправилното сгъване на ръката в юмрук водят до по-бързо изчерпване на механичната издръжливост и претоварване на мускулния и капсуло-лигаментарния апарат. Тази кинезиологична предпоставка променя линиите на теглене на мускулите, в резултат на което режещите, натисковите и торзионни сили се увеличаватвърху определени костни или мускулни компоненти. Целта на настоящата статия е да се посочат причини за поява на мекотъканни дисфункции на китка
МЕХАНИЗМИ ЗА НАВРЕМЕННА ОБРАТНА ВРЪЗКА В КОМУНИКАЦИЯТА МЕЖДУ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ И СТУДЕНТИТЕ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК КАТО ЧУЖД
No full textThe subject of the study are the means of synchronous and asynchronous communication used in teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language. The object of the article is the communication between the teacher and the students in the learning process. The aim is to assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of different feedback mechanisms with students, as well as to measure their preferences for using one or another communication tool
ИНДИРЕКТНИ РЕЧЕВИ АКТОВЕ В УСТНАТА КОМУНИКАЦИЯ
No full text: The article represents the actual situation in spoken Bulgarian language concerning the use of indirect speech acts. Conclusions base on data from partially prepared speech, collected from Spoken Bulgarian corpora, as well as broadcasting (radio and television). Different degrees of indirectness are commented, as well as the difference between conventional and non-conventional indirect speech act. The analysis of the empirical data shows that different pragmatic factors may dominate in spoken communication and determine what the speaker chooses – whether an indirect or a direct speech act
Обучение на пациента и неговите близки - специфични особености
Get PDFCommunication is an activity carried out in the process of interaction between the nurse and the patient. Communication effectiveness depends on overcoming potential problems. Communication and building interpersonal relationships are two interrelated processes, developing in the overall process of interaction between the participating entities and mutually influencing each other. In the process of communication, the training of the patient and/or his relatives is realized. Providing health information is a significant part of the nurse's job. Health education aims at providing new knowledge and skills that will improve the patient's condition and his effective participation in the healing process. The provision of health information is carried out in groups or individually, according to the patient's condition, readiness and need for training. During the hospitalization period, a significant part of the health information is provided by the nurse during the manipulations. Its effectiveness largely depends on the nurse's communication skills. Professional-personal qualities, such as empathy, patience, understanding, etc. are significant in providing an individualized approach to patient education