Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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The role of microglia in ischemic stroke
Get PDFCerebral ischemic stroke is a disease that belongs to the group of acute vascular disorders of the cerebral circulation. It is considered a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. It has been shown that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is impaired after an ischemic stroke, and this is the key factor in brain damage. An inflammatory reaction occurs, which is provoked and maintained by bioactive substances released by endothelial cells, brain glial cells, and blood immune cells. Microglial cells are the first to respond to an injury; they get activated through a series of molecular mechanisms and transformed into diverse functional subtypes. Activated microglia can have both aggravating and beneficial effects regarding tissue remodeling and recovery after ischemia. In addition to their functions, activated microglial cells also differ in their morphology, gene expression, and protein profile. Their type can also vary depending on the distance from the ischemic lesion. Microglial plasticity, as well as the complex relationships of microglia with other cells in the central nervous system under physiological conditions and after ischemic stroke, have been studied mainly in experimental animals: rodents and primates. However, more information has been generated by in vivo studies of post-stroke patients, applying highly specialized imaging methods. Nevertheless, the obtained results are insufficient and ambiguous, but they are a good basis for developing strategies to influence the recovery process after ischemic brain injury
Radiation therapy of left-sided breast cancer: application of deep inspiration breath-hold technique (DIBH) with active breathing control (ABC)
Get PDFAdjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is an important part of breast cancer treatment, as it reduces the risk of recurrence and the risk of oncological death. This raises the issue of long-term toxicity, specifically late cardiac toxicity. The aim of the article is to present the breath-hold technique (DIBH) using the active breathing coordinator (ABC) in women undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer. In the period of April 2017–July 2022, in the Clinic of Radiotherapy at St. Marina University Hospital in Varna, 100 patients underwent adjuvant RT with DIBH, using the ABC for left breast cancer. The application of the technique and the obtained results show that the application of DIBH with ABC reduces the mean heart dose compared to RT during free breathing. These results corroborate published studies on the subject to date
Role of the hospital pharmacist in preventing drug interactions in clinical practice
Get PDFDrug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent a serious problem for current pharmacotherapy worldwide, as they may influence drug safety and/or therapeutic effect. In addition, they are often observed in hospitalized patients, who usually have to take several drugs simultaneously. Therefore, different strategies have been sought to detect and prevent dangerous interactions. The aim of the present work is to summarize the main mechanisms of DDIs and evaluate the role of hospital pharmacists in identifying and preventing potentially dangerous DDIs. According to the literature review, the most frequently reported clinically significant interactions are due to modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes or transmembrane transporter activity. A deep understanding of drug pharmacology and toxicity is necessary to identify and prevent certain potential interactions. Hospital pharmacists can enhance patient safety through interventions such as medication reconciliation and patient education at discharge, reducing hospital readmissions and the risk of drug-related problems
Development of health care for children - a literature review
Get PDFThe children's health care system is significantly weaker because it is constrained by outdated conventions, inadequate resources, and outdated incentive structures inherent in the traditional medical model that still dominates pediatric care. These structural barriers, organizational challenges, and financial constraints limit the system's ability to adequately recognize, respond to, and, most importantly, prevent adverse developmental outcomes at the population level. New imperatives to improve population health, along with growing recognition among policymakers and practitioners of the social and developmental determinants of health, have led to recent innovations in care models, service coordination, and coverage design. Yet available resources and infrastructure are static or shrinking, displaced by rising overall health care costs and other policy priorities. Child health systems are at a crossroads of conflicting priorities and incentives, and there is a need to explore how the health system can successfully break out of this impasse. The purpose of this publication is to provide a brief review of the literature on the development of health care for children
THE STUDENT PORTFOLIO – MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND VISION FOR DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFThe main goal of modern university education is the achievement of quality and the development of the entire creative potential of the student. The change of the educational paradigm is in the direction from reproduction to activity on the part of the student and effective teaching, support of each student, based on partnership between student and teacher, introduction of new approaches and educational technologies. Particularly important in this regard are personally oriented educational technologies. The student portfolio is such a modern technology for realizing a person-oriented, constructive and humanistic approach at the same time. Building a portfolio is a significant enough goal in itself. It has a motivating character, contributes to the personal development of the student, and from there to his/her future professional development. It can serve for self-assessment and evaluation. Through it, the student plans the activities according to short-term and long-term goals, takes personal responsibility for their implementation and achieving the goals. It also plans long-term strategies for professional appearance and development in the profession. Purpose: to present the student portfolio in an electronic version, as part of modern educational technologies.Methods: a documentary method has been used – literary sources, articles in magazines and web pages of educational institutions, related to the essence, structuring, development and application of the student portfoli
THE CONTRIBUTION OF NURSES IN THE PREVENTION, CONTROL AND COMBAT OF LYMPHEDEMA IN BREAST CARCINOMA - INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Get PDFIntroduction. Breast cancer (breast cancer) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases and among the leading causes of death in women worldwide. This defines it as a disease of great medico-social significance, involving more and more the world scientific community. Along with its medical and socioeconomic psychosocial consequences, patients often develop lymphedema, which is one of the most severe complications after breast cancer treatment.The aim of the present study is to investigate the contribution and functions of the nurse in the process of prevention, control and fight against lymphedema, in mammary gland carcinoma, based on the existing international scientific evidence.Materials and methods. A documentary method was applied. Information retrieved from publications found through a Pubmed search with keywords: prevention, control, lymphedema, breast carcinoma, internationalexperience, nurses, patients, was examined. Information from bibliographic references, specialized literature, statistical data from international and national organizations related to the prevention and treatment of oncological diseases, regulatory documents was also studied.Results and discussion. The analysis of the scientific literature emphasizes the role of the nurse in the prevention of lymphedema, not only as a health professional acting in collaboration with the medical staff, but above all as a professional responsible for the care and education of the patient. This allows nurses to maketheir important contribution to the prevention, control and fight against lymphedema in breast cancer, by identifying patients at high risk of developing lymphedema, implementing the necessary preventive measures, planning and evaluating long-term patient care with mild lymphedema, psychological support, health education and information.Conclusion. Nurses occupy an important place and have a key role in the process of prevention and fight against lymphedema in breast cancer, performing their main functions. They make their high contribution in protecting, maintaining and restoring the health of individuals and their families, taking part in this important process
ZU EINIGEN TEXTLINGUISTISCHEN UND LEXIKALISCHEN BESONDERHEITEN IN DEUTSCHSPRACHIGEN FACHSPEZIFISCHEN ONLINE–MEDIEN, DIE ÜBER DIE FUßBALLWELTMEISTERSCHAFT 2022 BERICHTEN
No full textOne of the significant events in 2022 was the Football World Cup in Qatar, whose coverage went beyond the sports theme. Along with the football matches, various social and economic topics and political conflicts were covered. The editors of some sports publications opposed the holding of the championship and refused to cover it. Other media faced the challenge of how to present the event. The aim of this report is to outline some textolinguistic and lexical aspects of online football articles in specialized German-language publications. The empirical basis are online articles at www.kicker.com, www.11freunde and www.sportbild.bild.de, published in 2022
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ НА ФИЗИЧЕСКАТА КУЛТУРА В СЪВРЕМЕННОТО ОБЩЕСТВО
No full textPhysical culture is part of the general culture of society and represents a complex social phenomenon that is an integral part of it. It develops simultaneously with material and spiritual culture and has complex and multifaceted connections with different areas of human activity. Physical culture is a set of values that are used in social practice for the purpose of physical improvement of the personality.In this scientific paper we have studied and summarized the main components of the physical culture system that characterize it, as well as the goals and objectives we have as sports educators for the wider penetration of physical activity and sport in people's everyday life as essential components of the modern model of healthy lifestyle. The healing, educational and educational functions of sport as an integral part of the processes of social development and its constructive role in overcoming political, racial, religious and other forms of discrimination are examined. Sport as a social phenomenon is organically linked to the various spheres of human activity, which makes it more and more part of the programs for cultural, educational, social and health development and defines it as a social phenomenon
