Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Estuarine mud: a natural protection of joint cartilage
Get PDFOsteoarthritis, a joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, and changes in the joint capsule, affects multiple structures surrounding the joint, including muscles, tendons, and ligaments. With a growing interest in non-drug and non-surgical approaches for osteoarthritis prevention and treatment, physical and rehabilitation medicine, along with mud therapy, have gained attention. Mud, a natural product resulting from various chemical, biological, and microbiological processes involving soil particles and organic and inorganic compounds, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immune-stimulant properties. Furthermore, it enhances blood circulation, metabolic activity, and strengthens the bone system. The high mineral concentration in mud from sea estuaries is believed to give it unique healing properties. The specific effects of estuarine mud stem from its composition: sulphur and humic acids inhibit hyaluronidase and stimulate the formation of cytokines, which determine its chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Alongside traditional osteoarthritis treatment options like medication, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, lifestyle changes, and surgery, mud therapy stands out as a promising alternative. Studies have demonstrated that Liman mud significantly reduces inflammation, eases pain, and boosts the immune system. Additionally, it enhances blood circulation and metabolic processes, leading to improved tissue nourishment and faster regeneration. The healing properties of mud are attributed to a complex interaction of thermal, chemical, mechanical, electrodynamic, biological, and other factors. In particular, thermal and chemical elements play a crucial role in determining the outcomes of the healing process
Advancements in Malaria Pharmacotherapy in the Modern Period and the 21st Century
Get PDFMalaria continues to be a highly significant global disease, accounting for a substantial number of cases, surpassing all other parasitic diseases worldwide. Despite efforts in prevention, chemoprophylaxis, and non-medicinal preventive measures, there are instances when living in malaria-prone regions necessitates confirmation of the disease through various diagnostic methods before commencing treatment. The primary objective is to safeguard the health of individuals traveling to, staying in, or returning from malaria-endemic areas.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the entire process of diagnosing and treating malaria, encompassing all steps, stages, roles, and specificities involved. The official recommendations and guidelines, including those integrated into the national legislation concerning malaria pharmacotherapy in the Republic of Bulgaria, are thoroughly analyzed, highlighting both commonalities and disparities
Primary large joint endroprosthesis in Paget's disease. Clinical experience
Get PDFPaget’s disease is an idiopathic condition of abnormal bone remodeling in which normal bone is replaced by an active interaction between excessive bone resorption and abnormal new bone formation. The condition is always observed in patients over 40 years of age with asymptomatic lesions discovered incidentally on radiographs. The diagnosis is made with radiographs showing characteristic findings of lesions with a diffuse blastic appearance and laboratory tests showing elevated serum ALP and increased urinary collagen cross-links. Treatment in asymptomatic patients is observation. Medical treatment with bisphosphonates is indicated in symptomatic patients
Clinical factors and ancillary tests used in modern clinical practice for diagnosing brain death
Get PDFNowadays, brain death is an issue causing a number of controversies in modern society. Its medical definition and the criteria for its diagnosis have undergone many changes over the years. However, the process of proving it has always followed a series of definite steps. An important condition before performing the clinical examination of the patient and the use of certain instrumental studies is knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of the process, as well as the exclusion of certain factors that could influence the clinical diagnosis
Novel serum biomarkers for response to nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B—a literature review
Get PDFAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 2019, with about 1.5 million new infections each year. In 2019, HBV caused approximately 820,000 deaths, mostly from complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Large gaps in HBV detection and treatment continue to exist, with approximately 10% of chronically infected individuals diagnosed worldwide and only 2% of these receiving treatment.The current approach in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUCs), which successfully suppress viral replication but do not lead to a complete cure, defined as HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in combination with undetectable HBV DNA, 24 weeks after stopping NUCs therapy. Given the low rate of HBsAg seroclearance during long-term treatment with NUCs, HBsAg formation is considered to be independent of viral replication. The sources of HBsAg production are 1) covalently closed circular DNA (ccc DNA) in the hepatocyte nucleus and 2) HBV DNA sequences integrated into the hepatocyte genome.In view of this, it is considered that new serum biomarkers are needed to better assess the course of the disease since routine biomarkers, such as HBV DNA load, used in monitoring chronic HBV infection do not provide sufficient information regarding HBV activity. Quantitative analysis of HBsAg (qHBsAg), HBV RNA, and HBcrAg, which have been proposed as surrogate markers of HBV activity, is discussed. Literature analysis of publications related to the novel surrogate markers showed promising results for qHBsAg, HBV RNA, and HBcrAg.Given the information that new serum biomarkers provide for patients on long-term NUC therapy, it is being discussed that, in order to achieve a 'functional cure', a combination of agents, including an antiviral agent, an HBsAg-suppressing agent, and an immunomodulator for enhancing the immune response, will be needed. They should be safe, with a limited duration of treatment, and affordable
Late revascularization in a high-risk patient with bilateral femoral thrombosis
Get PDFAim: We aim to show the advantage of a specific vascular-surgical method for late revascularization in patients with acute arterial insufficiency (AAI) in whom conventional surgical approaches would not achieve the desired result and the application of an additional vascular method is required to optimize the outcome in this particular type of vascular pathology. Methods: We present the clinical case of a polymorbid high-risk patient, with established severe ischemic brain stroke (IBS), after a previous COVID-19 infection, on artificial pulmonary ventilation, with the development of consecutive bilateral femoral arterial thrombosis during the course of treatment and operated on by means of distal arterial revision of both limbs, added to standard vascular accesses. Results: Our experience shows that in patients undergoing late arterial revascularization, the method of choice is the application of distal vascular access aimed at restoring blood flow in the foot arteries, freeing the distal vascular bed, and improving not only short-term but also long-term life and limb survival. Conclusion: Modern-day vascular surgeons encounter a number of obstacles in the diagnosis and treatment plan of their patients, but we think that using our individualized approach in this type of vascular pathology would lead not only to the desired surgical outcome but also to multiple successful arterial reconstructions in the future as well
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG MIDWIFERY STUDENTS
Get PDFOne of the main problems in our time is reduced physical activity and unhealthy eating, which is gradually becoming a risk factor for people in our society. If the nutrition to has to be balanced and rational, it is necessary that the expenditure of energy corresponds to the energy value of the food. Thus, a person preserves or increases his body mass, work capacity and resistance. The purpose of the research is to study and analyze the opinion of midwifery students regarding a healthy lifestyle. Material and metods: A survey was conducted among parents through an individual survey in April and May 2023. Used methods – documentary, sociological, statistical and graphic processing of the results. The results of the conducted survey indicate that during the time when they are free from studies, students prefer to go for a walk with friends (90.5%). Just over half of the respondents indicated that they eat twice a day (55%), followed by those with three or more meals a day (39%). There is a high proportion of students who consume fresh fruits and vegetables at least once a day (65%) and drink more than one liter of water
ФОРМИРАНЕ НА УМЕНИЯ ЗА ПУБЛИЧНО ГОВОРЕНЕ НА ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНА ТЕМА ОТ СТУДЕНТИТЕ МЕДИЦИ
No full textThe article deals with the problem of formation of public speaking skills among medical students. Special attention is paid to the development of public speaking skills among students in specialties aimed at speech therapists and medical beauticians. The requirements for the professional speech of medical students within the general criteria of good speech are indicated. Methods of formation of public speaking skills are named
ТРУДНОСТИТЕ ПРИ ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО НА КАТЕГОРИЯТА „ВИД НА ГЛАГОЛА“ В ЧУЖДОЕЗИКОВОТО ОБУЧЕНИЕ ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК В ДИГИТАЛНА СРЕДА
No full textThe study examines the teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language in an electronic environment at the MU-Varna. Various definitions of the terms "e-learning" and “blended learning” have been presented. Existing methods for online teaching of the aspect of the verb on the Blackboard platform are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to its different uses and ways of visualizing this grammatical category. Ideas are suggested that would help international students learn the imperfective and perfective aspect. Conclusions have been drawn related to both e-learning in general and specifically to the teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language in a digital environment