Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Odontogenic sinusitis – diagnosis and treatment
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Odontogenic sinusitis is an inflammatory process of the maxillary sinus mucosa etiologically associated with an odontogenic causative agent. The localization of the maxillary sinus predisposes to invasion by pathogenic microorganisms from the nasal and oral cavities. The odontogenic sinusitis differs from the neodontogenic sinusitis in its etiology, microbiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic approach. Accurate determination of the diagnosis and the origin of the lesion is key to developing the correct treatment plan. Nowadays, the combination of a well-done history, an exact clinical examination and a CBCT are used to diagnose odontogenic sinusitis. In terms of treatment approach, specialists rely on a multidisciplinary approach.AIM: The purpose of this article is to summarize current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic sinusitis.DISCUSSION: The odontogenic sinusitis is an inflammatory process of dental origin whose localization is the maxillary sinus (1). The maxillary sinus is the most vulnerable of all the sinuses to bacterial invasion via the nasal ostium or the mouth cavity because it is located between the oral and nasal cavities (2).Odontogenic sinusitis is referred to in different literature sources by different names - "odontogenic sinusitis", "odontogenic maxillary sinusitis", "sinonasal complications of dental disease and treatment". (3). The odontogenic sinusitis differs from neodontogenic sinusitis in its etiology, microbiology, pathophysiology and treatment approach (2, 4).Accurately determining the diagnosis and the origin of the lesion are key to developing the correct treatment plan (5). Today, the diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis is made using a combination of a well-documented history, an exact clinical examination, and an CBCT examination (6).Treatment won't work if the link between maxillary sinusitis and odontogenic change isn't identified since antibiotics can't get rid of the illness's underlying cause (6). Most of the recent literature on otorhinolaryngologic infections suggests that we should start with treating the source of the odontogenic infection when determining the most effective order in which to perform surgical treatments (5). Some individuals may be able to avoid endoscopic sinus surgery if a timely oral treatment approach is implemented to restore the microecological environment of the sinus (5). CONCLUSION: It emerges that odontogenic sinusitis is not at all a rare disease today. This type of sinus infection is most commonly associated with the first and second molars of the maxilla and the tissues surrounding them. The most common oral lesions that cause the development of odontogenic sinusitis are of endodontic and periodontal origin, but cases resulting from iatrogenic sources or surgical interventions do occur. Accurate determination of the diagnosis and the origin of the lesion are key to developing the correct treatment plan. Today, a multidisciplinary treatment approach involving the joint efforts of dentists and otorhinolaryngologist is recommended
Post-clearance control in customs
Get PDFPost-clearance control is the control carried out by customs after the goods have been released. In the context of constantly increasing trade flows and growing international logistics processes, what happens to goods after clearance from customs control is becoming more significant and determines the relevance and interest of the authors to the problem. The aim of this research is to present characteristics, role and risk management of post-clearance control. In the study have been used the descriptive - analytical approach, the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis
Thefts in retail – features and possibilities for prevention
Get PDFIn recent years, retailers have made significant efforts to reduce increased theft, the amount of which has a direct impact on the company's merchandise losses and has become a serious problem. In this context, the aim of the present work is to clarify the nature and characteristics of theft prevalent in the retail, and on this basis to reveal the possibilities for their clampdown in a digital world and constant technological innovation. The types of theft in the retail sector are presented, divided into external, internal and those committed by suppliers. Attention is paid not only to the positive effects of reducing theft, but also to the adverse consequences reflected in the user experience and the requirement of additional funds on the part of the company. Data on shoplifting in the USA, UK and Bulgaria were briefly analyzed. At the end of the paper, specific measures that retailers can apply in practice to prevent theft are presented
Generative artificial intelligence in banking – rRisks and challenges
Get PDFGenerative artificial intelligence has since 2022 risen to the top of the agenda of banking executives around the world. However, this rapid “embrace” of innovation comes with certain threats and challenges. This paper aims to outline all these risks while suggesting ways for successful implementation of Gen AI in the banking value chain. The research showed that there is no universal approach for banks to take advantage of the potential of this new technology. Instead, they must work out their own strategies for such implementation, taking into account many of the specifics of their organizational structure and applied business model
Prospects for the development of urban logistics in Bulgarian municipalities
Get PDFIn the modern conditions of a distinct consumer society and ever greater demands on manufacturers and retailers, the need to optimize transport flows, especially in an urban environment, is being intensively discussed. A balance is sought between satisfying the needs of the population and at the same time ensuring appropriate living conditions, characterized by viability of cities, availability of the necessary social services, a clean and safe environment. The aim of the study is to analyse the possibilities for optimizing the urban logistics processes in municipalities in Bulgaria. The methods and approaches used include content analysis, comparison, synthesis, etc. The results show that in Bulgaria the problems of urban logistics are still relatively low priority, but can be optimized through investments in infrastructure solutions and reorganization
Origin, essence and significance of sports tourism
Get PDFThe article aims to trace the origin, evolution and importance of sports tourism in modern society. The research methodology applies a systematic approach to literature analysis to gather information on the topic, as well as an integrative technique, by synthesizing and reviewing previous findings. The search process was based on the systematic literature review approach to gather the necessary information from online databases. The systematic review approach ensures a structured procedure for searching, retrieving and synthesizing the scientific literature. The study sheds light on the different stages of interaction between sport and tourism, highlighting the influence of social and economic factors on the development of this industry. Based on an extensive and systematized commentary on various scientific and institutional definitions, an author's definition of the concept of "sports tourism" is proposed. As a result of the study, essential characteristics have been identified that play an important role in the development of sports tourism in modern society
The interactivity and efficiency of modern advertising
Get PDFSynergy between marketing tools implies that their combined use leads to a greater overall result than the sum of their individual effects. Therefore, a particular campaign may not be cost-effective, meaning that its results may not exceed the costs. Nevertheless, its implementation may be necessary to improve the overall effectiveness of other marketing tools. The purpose of the development is, through the use of marketing strategies, to report results that can be categorized into two main groups: the impact on the persons involved in market activities (such as consumers, competitors and external stakeholders) and changes in the company's results and assets
Lymphadenopathy—general data and its significance for maxillofacial surgery. A review article
Get PDFIntroduction: Lymph nodes are distributed throughout the body and play an important role as filters for exogenous and endogenous antigens, as well as in the formation of an immune response through activated lymphocytes and antibodies. In various conditions, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, lymphomas and metastatic carcinomas, their size can increase, a condition called lymphadenopathy (LAP)/adenopathy.Materials and Methods: This article is based on a comprehensive review of 34 contemporary full-text articles in English. The information from them, after detailed examination, was analyzed and systematized in order to obtain a complete full-text publication on the general features of lymphadenopathy.Results and Discussion: Lymphadenopathy is a frequent finding in clinical practice and may present as either localized or generalized. In the majority of cases, it is benign in nature and tends to resolve spontaneously. The distinction between a normal and an enlarged lymph node is influenced by both the patient’s age and the anatomical region involved. Approximately three-quarters of cases are localized, and more than half involve lymph nodes situated in the head and neck. A thorough medical history combined with a detailed physical examination remains fundamental for proper assessment. Nonetheless, imaging techniques often yield more precise data regarding lymph node size and morphology than clinical evaluation alone. Ultimately, histopathological analysis is regarded as the definitive diagnostic approach.Conclusion: The cervical region, along with the maxillofacial region, are most often affected by LAP in all age groups. Thus, maxillofacial surgeons are faced with an extremely wide differential diagnosis, which requires them to know both the characteristics of LAP in general and the multitude of general and local diseases that can cause it. It is an important part of the interdisciplinary team performing the diagnosis and treatment of lymphadenopathy
EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS TO INCREASE THE CONTRIBUTION ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES
Get PDFIntroduction: The widespread prevalence of pain indicates the need for comprehensive pain education for all nurses. They have an essential role in the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain. Health care professionals serve as the patient's care coordinators to facilitate the selfmanagement plan.Purpose: The aim of this report is to explore the attitudes, knowledge and further training needs of nurses regarding pain management in cancer patients.Materials and methods: The study was carried out in November 2022. A total of 62 nurses from the Shumen Medical Center were surveyed. When carrying out the scientific research, sociological methods were used through our own developed toolkit - survey card and statistical methods for displaying graphs.Results and discussion: The results reflect the opinion of the respondents that a significant part expressed their agreement for professional upgrading (77%). A large part of the nurses are of the opinion that they want to increase their educational and qualification level (61%) and for better realization (19%). First of all, regarding what should be studied in additional training, more than a quarter of nurses indicated pain assessment, its measurement and recording in the nursing record (27%). According to a significant part of the respondents, they are familiar with the Consensus for quality oncological care (58%).Conclusion: The inclusion of nurses in additional training will complement their knowledge and enable them to provide quality health care. It is a process of continuous lifelong learning, responsive to the needs of the individual and the relevant community