Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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100th anniversary of prominent figures in social medicine - Sr. Res. Assoc. Dr. Vladimir D. Vasilev
No full textPathokinesiological changes in wearing ill-fitting footwear
Get PDFModern lifestyles require the daily use of shoes, which, although they provide protection and comfort, can often lead to significant deviations in the normal biomechanics of the feet and lower extremities. Prolonged wearing of ill-fitting footwear with hard soles, narrow forefoot or raised heels is associated with a number of functional and structural disorders.. Most often, they include limited mobility, muscle imbalance, deformities in the ankle-foot area and changes in gait.Aim: to study the pathokinesiological changes occurring as a result of prolonged wearing of ill-fitting footwear.Materials and methods: A review of the available scientific literature on the causes and mechanisms leading to disorders in the lower extremities and spine as a result of wearing ill-fitting footwear. The main sources of information are documentary-content descriptions and relevant articles published in global databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library.Results: the selection of individual therapeutic and preventive strategies requires in-depth knowledge of biomechanics and the influence of footwear on the functional state of the musculoskeletal system. In this context, shoe customization is recommended according to age, diseases and activities performed in daily life. The choice of the right shoe is determined by the anatomical features of the foot, the flexibility of the sole, the width of the shoe in the front and the heel height. The use of excessively high, narrow and rigid shoes leads to a change in the contact surface and increased friction in foot area as well as to uneven force distribution in the lower limbs and spine.Conclusion: understanding the relationship between shoe type and way of movement is essential for developing effective and individualized therapeutic programs. To choose appropriate shoes, it is necessary to take into account the presence of deformities, the anatomical features and functional state of the foot and the purpose of using the shoes
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in modern oncotherapy
Get PDFThe widespread prevalence and increasing incidence of cancer has imposed the introduction of new therapeutic approaches and medications. The elucidation of the key role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in intercellular signaling and their involvement in fundamental processes, replication, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, has provided substantial evidence linking their altered functionality to tumorigenesis.This review aims to briefly discuss the role of RTKs in tumorigenesis and characterize tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), focusing on their mechanisms of action, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics as essential drugs in modern targeted cancer therapy.Two primary mechanisms inhibit mutated or overexpressed RTKs. The first involves monoclonal antibodies targeting the extracellular domains of RTKs or their ligands, inhibiting RTK dimerization and activation, thus forming the group of extracellular TKIs. The second mechanism involves small-molecule TKIs targeting the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of the receptors or other intracellular tyrosine kinases mediating their signaling pathways. Numerous mono- and multi-targeted TKIs have been developed, addressing one or more signaling pathways. Identifying specific mutations in individual patients and applying specific TKIs have introduced the principles of personalized cancer therapy. Most TKIs are well-tolerated and significantly improve patient survival. The selectivity of TKIs toward their targets determines their efficacy and safety profile.Despite their advantages, TKI therapy is associated with significant toxic effects and high variability due to their pharmacokinetic features. Literature discusses the potential of therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize dosing, thereby enhancing efficacy and minimizing adverse side effects.In summary, TKIs are pivotal medications in modern oncology that have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for numerous cancers
Target-controlled infusion (TCI) in neuroanesthesia compared with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA): a review
Get PDFAnesthesia plays a key role in modern surgery, ensuring patient safety and comfort. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and target-controlled infusion (TCI) are two main techniques used to manage anesthesia. This article reviews the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of TCI in the context of neuroanesthesia, compared to traditional TIVA (1-2)
Application of Automated Microbial Identification Systems for Rapid Diagnosis of Bacterial Sepsis
Get PDFCorrect diagnosis of bloodstream infections is crucial for the disease’s outcome, especially for critically ill individuals. To achieve more rapid and adequate decisions, it is important to have a fully automated process for microbial detection, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Therefore, most clinical microbiology laboratories are currently using automated systems with continuous monitoring and a closed cycle for the detection of microbial growth. In the current review, we discuss the most popular automated systems used for microbiological testing of blood cultures and present the main principles behind their application and efficiency. The advantages of microbial automated systems are considered in regard to laboratory time management and the accuracy of obtained laboratory results
Skin Exfoliation: Indications, Contraindications, and Side Effects
Get PDFSkin exfoliation is the process of removing dead cells from the surface layer of the skin to improve texture, appearance, and overall skin health. This procedure plays a crucial role in dermatology and cosmetology by promoting cellular regeneration and enhancing the penetration of active ingredients in cosmetic products. This article discusses various exfoliation methods, including mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, and physical exfoliation, examining their indications, contraindications, and potential side effects. The primary aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of modern exfoliation techniques and emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on skin type and individual patient needs. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of these procedures, particularly for specific skin conditions and types
Anti-Aging Components in the Composition of Anti-Wrinkle Cosmetic Products. Antioxidants of Natural and Synthetic Origin as Active Substances
Get PDFSkin aging is a complex process influenced by internal and external factors. Intrinsic aging, or chronological aging, is genetically determined and independent of environmental factors, while extrinsic aging, also known as photoaging, results from factors such as UV radiation, pollution, and lifestyle choices. Aging processes cause changes in the structure and functionality of the skin, including loss of collagen, elasticity, and hydration, as well as the appearance of wrinkles and pigmentation.Free radicals play a significant role in aging by destroying collagen and activating metalloproteinases, which lead to further skin damage. Although cosmetics and cosmeceuticals offer various anti-aging solutions, their effectiveness is not always well-established.Active ingredients such as antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) are among the most effective in combating the signs of aging. They work by neutralizing free radicals and improving skin texture and elasticity. However, retinoids can cause side effects, such as dryness and photosensitivity.This article summarizes current research and clinical data on the mechanisms of skin aging, the effects of various active ingredients, and their roles in the cosmetic industry. It provides a basis for future research and the development of new products aimed at supporting skin health and youthfulness
