Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Public spending on pensions – challenges and risks (the situation in Bulgaria)
Get PDFIn 2020, the public expenditure on pensions in Bulgaria was BGN 9,736.46 million. For the first 6 months of 2024 alone, it was BGN 10 202,4 million. On this basis, the article asks whether the Bulgarian pension system has the ability to withstand such pressures and how this will affect the overall fiscal system. In light of the shrinking funding base and increased costs, it is clear that a significant deficit will have a negative impact not only on the sustainability of the public pension system, but also on public finances in the country as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to present a picture of the pension obligations of the Bulgarian pension system compared to those of the EU. Some of the main risks it faces and what the possibilities are in this direction are explored
Analysis of crisis events in Bulgaria for the period 2021-2022
Get PDFCrisis events represent perceived dangers that people must deal with. They are part of the life and development of any system. Crisis situations can arise suddenly, but they can also develop gradually. The consequences of crises can be beneficial or detrimental to those affected. In order to deal with crisis situations, it is necessary to take specific actions to support the process of restoring the equilibrium state. Part of the emerging crises stem from natural and climatic factors, which humanity must take into account. Another part, however, has an anthropogenic character and, accordingly, people could manage them. In this regard, the aim of the present work is to analyze the crisis events in Bulgaria for the period 2021-2022 and to determine the nature of the prevailing crises, based on the available statistical information
What is happening with the Bulgarian maritime flag?
Get PDFThe article discusses two of the important Memorandum of understanding that have an impact on the development of Bulgarian maritime transport, such as The Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control- Paris MoU and The Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Black Sea Region - BS MoU. Their essence is briefly examined and based on data on the inspections carried out, it is found that Bulgaria does not have a sufficient number of vessels, which is the basis for its exclusion from the lists of the Paris Memorandum. It is noted that one of the largest Bulgarian shipowners registers its vessels under the flag of Malta, which directs the focus of attention to the conditions for registering ships in that country. The author believes that Bulgaria can study these conditions and implement a similar registration regime in the country
Increasing the efficiency of the organisation of hotel and restaurant complexes by apply international information technologies
Get PDFThe article the essence of international information systems and technologies in the hotel and restaurant sphere. The need to integrate software into the operation of hotel complexes and restaurants as a basis for the formation and strengthening of competitive advantages for business entities in the rapidly growing market of hotel and restaurant services is substantiated.The role and features of the use of individual tools of international information technologies and systems in the hotel and restaurant business are highlighted. Information and communication facilities, components and tools that enable the storage, access, monitoring, processing and transmission of information in digital form are described.The most popular and downloaded programs in the hotel and restaurant industry in the world according to the results are described. The most common trends in information systems and technologies in the hotel and restaurant business have been identified, including mobile technologies (mobile applications, chatbots, virtual queues, QR codes for menus), contactless payments, the Internet of Things, robots, and virtual tours. The use of information and communication technologies in the hotel and restaurant business are highlighted
14th International Symposium on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis and 7th International Symposium on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring – Varna, Bulgaria
Get PDFBackground:Rhino-sinu-nasal pathology is among of the most frequently diagnosed disturbances affecting the human respiratory system nowadays. Possible reasons could be different genetic predispositions, a wide plethora of allergens human organisms come into contactwith, general diseases and others. The Syndrome of Obstructive sleep apnea and snoring is stated to be the sleeping disorder with the highest number of repercussions on the human organism, affecting large numbers of the population.Methods:The aim of the following article is to describe authors’ way of organizing the 14th International Symposium on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis and 7th International Symposium on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring and to share their experience with fellow colleagues.Results and discussion:The article describes in details authors’ experience in organizing the scientific event and the corresponding social programme.Conclusions:Authors conclude once again that the team work is the key to success in the organization of the following kind of scientific events. Each member of the team shall strictly follow the tasks and responsibilities distributed. All members shall follow the instructions of the leader of the team, in the latter cases – President of the Symposia
Outpatient medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective epidemiological study in real-world settings
Get PDFIn the past decade, antidiabetic pharmacotherapy has undergone substantial change with the emergence of novel pharmacological classes, including SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists. This retrospective comparative analysis examined 640 patients monitored from 2014 to 2020, categorized into two therapeutic groups: traditional (metformin, sulfonylureas, etc.) and novel treatments (SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists). Patients receiving novel therapy exhibited a greater percentage of optimal glycaemic control (70.8%) in contrast to those undergoing traditional treatment (63.1%). In those with extreme obesity, the novel medications were utilized more frequently and correlated with improved outcomes. Control is optimal in individuals devoid of complications and those with neurological complications, whereas it is less obvious in those with renal and vascular difficulties. Current analysis underscores the necessity for a tailored therapeutic strategy and the enhancement of access to contemporary drugs in outpatient settings
Kinesiotherapy in Parkinson's disease
Get PDFParkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to a decline in the quality of life of affected individuals, ultimately resulting in severe disability. Kinesitherapy plays a crucial role in the comprehensive management of these patients, alongside pharmacological treatment, by aiming to slow the progression of motor deficits, alleviate and reduce disease symptoms, and minimize secondary complications. The daily incorporation of neurorehabilitation positively influences not only the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease but also promotes neuromotor adaptation. Given the progressive nature of the disease, it is essential to conduct periodic assessments of the patient's condition when considering the inclusion or exclusion of specific kinesitherapeutic methods and interventions.Aim: This report presents various kinesitherapy approaches to improve functional independence and the general condition of patients with Parkinson's disease.Materials and methods: Analysis of scientific publications and bibliographic reference on the impact of various kinesitherapy approaches in patients with Parkinson's disease.Results: The correct selection of kinesitherapy methods and tools in the overall treatment process for patients with Parkinson's disease would lead to slowing the progression of the disease, improving motor deficits and quality of life