Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Is nephrology turning into gerontonephrology?
Get PDFPopulation aging is a major demographic and socio-economic challenge worldwide. As individuals age, various dysfunctions and changes occur in the body’s basic life processes, directly impacting the onset and increased incidence of kidney diseases. The term “geriatric syndromes” encompasses conditions such as reduced cognitive function, dizziness, falls, and injuries, which predispose individuals to the development and worsened progression of pathologies beyond the urinary system. The decline in the functional reserve of regulatory systems in the body leads to rapid and dynamic changes in water-electrolyte and acid-base balance, necessitating frequent monitoring and adjustments in treatment plans. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly prevalent in those over 60, primarily due to the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other renal pathologies in this age group. These factors underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing and treating kidney diseases in elderly patients
Periodontal abscess—the emergency in dental medicine (definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, microbiology, pathogenesis and histopathology, pathophysiology)
Get PDFINTRODUCTION:Periodontal abscesses are the third most common dental emergency, following periapical and pericoronary abscesses. They are of utmost importance based on the need for urgent medical intervention, the deteriorating prognosis of the tooth involved, and the potential of rapid spread of infection. AIM:The purpose of this study is to summarize the current information in the published literature regarding the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, microbiology, pathogenesis and histopathology, and pathophysiology of periodontal abscesses.DISCUSSION:The periodontal abscess is an acute localized infection due to invasion of pyogenic bacteria. Periodontal abscesses are classified based on their location (gingival and periodontal), duration of persistence (acute and chronic), and their number (single and multiple). This condition is more common in patients suffering from periodontitis, but a periodontal abscess can also occur in areas where periodontal pockets are not present, i.e., the cause of its development is different. The main microorganisms that are present are gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Their invasion into the soft wall of the periodontal pocket is the beginning leading to the formation of a periodontal abscess. The majority of periodontal abscesses occur due to disruption of periodontal pocket drainage, which can occur in a variety of situations.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, we can summarize that periodontal abscesses are of utmost importance based on the need for urgent medical intervention, the deteriorating prognosis of the tooth involved, and the potential of rapid spread of infection. Considering that it occurs relatively frequently in the clinical practice, it is necessary for dentists to be thoroughly familiar with the diagnosis of periodontal abscess.
Legal regulation in European countries regarding transplantation in ophthalmology
Get PDFTransplantation in ophthalmology primarily focuses on the anterior ocular surface. Each European country has its own traditions and legal regulations governing transplant activities.The aim of this study is to analyze the regulations in different European countries with the objective of optimizing eye transplantation and improving the quality of healthcare.Material and Methods: A documentary method was used, based on various Internet sources and the Euroset register. An analysis was conducted of the most active countries in transplantation, with Bulgaria examined in this context.Results: France, Italy, and the Netherlands have the highest per capita rates of eye transplants. The legal regulations and the organization of eye banks in these countries were analyzed and compared. Territorial maps of Bulgaria were prepared with a similar analysis.Conclusion: Donation and transplantation are regulated by general principles and rules that are strictly observed by all countries, including voluntariness, safety, and gratuity. Despite universally accepted legal norms, each country applies different specific rules, regulatory requirements, and regulations that govern the donation of organs, tissues, and cells, as well as the application of bioproducts and medical devices
Somnambulism - biophysical aspects and pathophysiology of sleepwalking, prevalence and case reports
No full textSomnambulism is a parasomnia consisting of complex motor behaviours during deep non-rapid eye movement sleep.Recent studies suggest that the main cause for sleepwalking is an abnormal activity of serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, which leads to an increased amount of serotonin. In patients with somnambulism, the regulatory mechanism mediated by 5-HT1 inhibitory autoreceptors is disturbed and the activity of serotonergic neurons remains increased. Repolarization (through the mechanism of negative feedback) is impaired due to abnormally high serotonin levels. The condition is more commonly observed in children than in adults. In about 80% of the somnambulism cases, a family member is reported to also be affected. Episodes of sleepwalking are observed as a side effect of some medications such as Zolpidem and Risperidone
A review of the fundamental principles for personalized pharmacotherapy prescribing for patients with concurrent renal and cardiac failure: the hospital pharmacist’s perspective
Get PDFRenal impairment is a prevalent comorbidity associated with heart failure (HF). A diminished glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) correlates with an elevated risk of cardiovascular death. Conversely, renal impairment is a prevalent and critical prognostic indicator in individuals with heart failure. This review examines the fundamental principles for personalized pharmacotherapy in patients with concurrent renal and cardiac failure, with a focus on the hospital pharmacist's perspective. Renal and cardiac failure often coexist, creating complex therapeutic challenges due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Personalized pharmacotherapy aims to optimize drug selection, dosing, and monitoring, considering individual patient characteristics such as renal and cardiac function, comorbidities, and drug interactions. This review discusses the clinical implications of renal and cardiac dysfunction on drug metabolism and excretion, highlighting strategies for dose adjustments, risk management, and therapeutic monitoring. The role of hospital pharmacists in ensuring safe, effective, and individualized pharmacotherapy is emphasized, with recommendations for interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance patient outcomes
The Activity Of The „Alumni Club And Friends“ And Its Role In The Integration Of Students And Maintaining A Connection With The Alma Mater
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: It is important for alumni of a university to keep in touch with their „Alma Mater“ because it builds a sense of community. It is with the aim of maintaining an active relationship between all former, current, and future graduates of the university and promoting communication, cooperation, and the exchange of professional experience between them that the „Alumni Club and Friends“ was established in 2012 at Medical University „Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov“ – Varna, Bulgaria, (MU-Varna).AIM: To investigate the role of the Alumni Club at MU-Varna in the academic and social integration of students and the creation of a long-term relationship with their Alma Mater.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of the scientific literature in PubMed and ResearchGate was carried out, using the „snowball“ method to expand the lists of studied literature in the field of academic and social integration of students in higher education institutions. The research also includes information from the official websites of universities in the country.RESULTS: An effective mechanism for reducing the negative effects of the difficulties experienced by students throughout their educational path in higher education is their involvement not only in academic activities but also in activities of a social or cultural nature. The Alumni Club has strengthened its position as a leader in the organization of scientific, social, and cultural events for the alumni and friends of MU-Varna in recent years. A number of events in which it integrated the students of the university and created conditions for the exchange of ideas, collaboration, and cooperation on an international level, as well as a series of activities with a public cause, were organized.DISCUSSION: Cooperation and exchange of experience between university graduates can motivate current students to acquire knowledge and competencies that are important for creating good specialists in professional aspects, and are part of the personal development and growth of individuals as well.CONCLUSION: Maintaining a long-term relationship between alumni and their Alma Mater helps to shape a prestigious image of the institution among future students and sets a positive example for current students, increasing their commitment, responsibility, and activity towards the university and community
Influence of water- and fat-soluble vitamins on oral health in adolescence
Get PDFAdolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. A number of functional, physical, psychological, sexual, and emotional changes occur. This important period introduces the adolescent to the world of adults. Cognitive and social changes often bring worry and anxiety not only to the adolescents, but also to their family. Due to the onset of puberty, skeletal mass, body fat, and lean body mass increase. This leads to the need to increase caloric food intake. Vitamins are necessary for the processing of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) and micronutrients (minerals). They take part in the formation of blood cells, hormones, and genetic material, in the transmission of nerve impulses, and in maintaining the immune system. Vitamins act as coenzymes to help enzymes perform their functions in the body
Blood patch through an epidural catheter in the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a review
Get PDFSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a condition that can be effectively treated with an epidural "blood patch" after the failure of conservative therapy. Nevertheless, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks originating from the cervical or thoracic spine and from other sites of the spinal cord remain a therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to present our experience in the treatment of thoracic lesions with CSF leakage using epidural catheters and the application of 20–25 ml of fresh blood from the patient
Mechanisms of resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii
Get PDFAcinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative microorganism and a member of the ESKAPE pathogen group. It poses a significant threat to public health due to its association with nosocomial infections and high mortality rates. In recent years, there has been an increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, a phenomenon linked to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, including their use in livestock farming.This study aims to provide a detailed description of the resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii against tetracyclines, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.To achieve these aims, we conducted a literature review of scientific articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar.The development of resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is associated with alterations in cell membrane permeability, the presence of efflux pumps, protection of antibiotic targets within the bacterial cell, and direct inactivation of antibiotics. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii and other ESKAPE pathogens is crucial for safeguarding public health