Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Recognizing and avoiding common mistakes in dental radiographs
Get PDFDental imaging is a key tool in dental diagnosis and treatment planning, and intraoral radiographs are the most commonly used in practice due to their availability, significantly lower cost, and reduced radiation exposure. Intraoral radiographs are used in almost every dental procedure, from basic restorations to complex procedures such as implant placement. The provision of quality dental radiographic images throughout the process of obtaining them provides the clinician with the necessary information and eliminates the need for repeated radiographs, which increase the dose of ionizing radiation to both the patient and the dental team. Numerous factors can affect the diagnostic quality of dental radiographs. It is essential for radiographers who directly perform these procedures to be well informed about common errors in dental radiographs, their possible causes, and the measures to avoid them. This article provides an overview of common errors in dental radiography, categorized into three main areas: technique and projection errors, exposure errors, and processing errors. Addressing these errors, identifying the factors that influence or cause them, and implementing strategies to avoid them can greatly improve the image quality and diagnostic value of radiographs
Strategies for combating stress during an exam session
Get PDFIntroduction: In modern society, individuals encounter various stressful situations daily, ranging from the morning alarm to challenges in transportation, the workplace, and family environments. The accumulation of exams and the desire for academic success can transform into a significant source of stress without the implementation of effective coping strategies.Objective: This study aims to investigate stress levels during exam sessions and the utilization of coping strategies among students in the "Midwife" program at the Medical University of Varna.Materials and Methods: A direct anonymous survey was conducted in April 2023 among students in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of the "Midwife" program at MU - Varna (N=112). The study utilized documentary, sociological, statistical, and graphical methods for data processing.Results and Discussion: Nearly all students reported experiencing stress during exam sessions (97.1%), with oral exams identified as the most stressful form (91.3%). Assessment of stress levels during the last exam session revealed extremely high levels in 44.4% of respondents, significant levels in 36.9%, and moderate levels in 14.6%. Common symptoms of stress included anxiety (85.4%), insomnia (64.1%), difficulties in concentration (54.4%), irritability (53.4%), among others.Conclusions: Analysis of the results highlights the necessity for educating students on the application of effective coping strategies during exam sessions
Training and education – key factors in reducing accidents on ships
Get PDFIntroduction: A brief overview of the importance of the training and education of shipboard personnel (medical and support) to reduce the number of casualties and victims in the event of an incident is presented.Aim: This study aims to analyse the disaster risks on marine vessels and the importance of factors for the successful management of emergency situations on board.Materials and Methods: A review of scientific literature by national and foreign authors, as well as relevant legislation, is conducted. A number of key documents are analysed and the results are summarised.Results: Training and practical preparation of personnel are critical to reducing the number of casualties and injured people in disasters, including shipboard incidents. Medical equipment and the provision of effective emergency medical care are other major factors in reducing adverse consequences. Advance training and education of passengers on correct behaviour are also important to reduce the risk of critical situations.Conclusion: It is mandatory to conduct a short training course on protection, first aid, and evacuation of crew and passengers before each trip of a large group of tourists
Apical periodontitis
Get PDFApical periodontitis is an inflammation involving the periodontium and adjacent alveolar bone, along with the bone-marrow spaces (1). Inflammation arises following infection of the necrotic pulp, leading to acute periapical periodontitis. If left untreated or if treatment is unsuccessful, it can progress to chronic periapical periodontitis. Periradicular lesions can be categorized as granulomas, periradicular cysts, and abscesses. They are diagnosed clinically and paraclinically
Non-Pharmacological Ways To Induce Labor – Evidence And Popularity Daniela Lyutakova
Get PDFThe paper reviews popular non-pharmacological ways to induce labour in a full-term pregnancy. Existing methods are researched and outlined. It is discussed whether they are evidence-based practices with a focus on their safety level as demonstrated in scientific literature. Local women`s personal experiences and attitudes towards some of those methods are explored with the purposes: (1) to demonstrate the level of popularity of such non-pharmacological ways for labour induction and (2) to assess effectiveness of current prenatal education in regard to the topic and midwives` perspespectives. The research findings are introduced graphically and present the survey results with tendnecies evident. The paper aims to identify opportunities for safe, evidence-based and contemporary prenatal education options that midwives can offer local women
Bone and joint infections, etiology, empiric antimicrobial therapy (a 5-year study)
Get PDFIntroduction: Osteomyelitis can cause serious disability and even lethality. Its treatment requires a combination of surgical and conservative methods. Antimicrobial therapy is often initiated before microbiological test results are available. Empirical regimens are then used, which are not universal because of variations in causative agents according to geographical region and time periods. The lack of up-to-date information on these issues in Bulgaria is the impetus for the present study.Aim: The aim of this article is to conduct an epidemiological study and propose empirical antimicrobial therapy.Patients and Methods: A total of 58 patients between 19 and 86 years of age, with a history of infection from 2 weeks to 30 years and different localization, admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Lozenets University Hospital (2019–2024).Results: Men were significantly more affected than women. The localization of the infection was predominantly in the tibia and hip region, and most rarely in the humerus and forearm bones. Among the comorbidities, the most prevalent were arterial hypertention, diabetes mellitus, and inferior paraplegia. S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecalis were mainly isolated from the osteomyelitis outbreak. S. aureus showed 100% susceptibility to vancomycin and 69% to moxifloxacin and rifampicin. Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis were susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including vancomycin.Conclusion: Vancomycin was the most widely used antimicrobial agent in the study group and must be included in empiric therapy. It is recommended to combine it with moxifloxacin covering the Gram (–) spectrum, and in patients with orthopaedic implants its use with rifampicin, an antibiotic with proven activity against bacterial biofilm formation, is desirable
Plovdiv tourist destination – recognizable and preferred tourist site
Get PDFTourism is seen as a driving force for regional development. Successful tourism can increase the tourist receipts, income, employment and government revenues of the destination. How to attract tourists to revisit and recommend the destination to others is crucial to the success of the destination's tourism development. (Chen, J. S. and Uysal, 2013)The purpose of the study is to present the specific characteristics that define Plovdiv as a unique and preferred destination by tourists, as well as to outline the prospects for its future development.We can conclude that the development and establishment of Plovdiv as a tourist destination is related to the development of a quality and integrated tourist product, promoting Plovdiv as one of the most ancient living cities by presenting the archaeological and cultural-historical heritage. The use of the synergistic effect of the effective interaction of all participants, with the key role of tourists, is of strategic importance for the development and imposition of a tourist destination Plovdiv in the future
Dynamics and trends in the development of the bioeconomy sectors in Bulgaria
Get PDFThe bioeconomy has significant potential to address global challenges in the transition of economies towards sustainability. The aim of this paper is to explore the changes, trends and challenges in the development of the bioeconomy, allowing the derivation of potential prospects for future development. It explores the concept of bioeconomy development in the European Union and the main policy instruments. The relationship of the bioeconomy to other sustainability concepts is identified. The contribution of the bioeconomy sectors in Bulgaria in terms of number of employees, value added and turnover is assessed. Certain structural changes have been observed, as the dependence of the bioeconomy on the primary sectors (mainly agriculture) is decreasing and the importance of the secondary sectors is increasing, especially for the production of biofuels and bioenergy, bio-chemicals, etc