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Assessing Gender Inequality in South Africa: A Case Study of Women in Sports Management
Get PDFThe arrival of democracy in South Africa brought with it challenges that needed to be addressed to overcome the inequalities of the past. To a significant degree, the discrimination against not only race groups but also against women in general had to be tackled. Against this background, policies and legislation on achieving employment equity emerged. Despite this, a gender disparity still exists in the area of sports management. Regardless of efforts made by government and other sporting bodies to eliminate gender inequality, hurdles still remain at all levels.The aim of this study is to explore the reasons for this gender disparity, identifying the constraints on women’s advancement and the challenges that they face in advancing in sport as managers (in various capacities). It also identifies appropriate policy interventions. This serves as a case study for broader issues of equity within a South African context and probes the situation more generally with regards to the position of women in sport management in South Africa.The study presents the views of a selection of women in sport management and themes that were identified. These themes provides the basis for assessment and recommendations. The approach taken in order to complete the research was phenomenological as it has roots in epistemology. This approach provided rich information with the small sample size required and is ideal for the short time frame for the completion of this dissertation and exploration of the research problem. The research methods used in this research was qualitative. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women in sport management.The results of the study were captured in four broad areas which indicated the challenges that women currently face. In general, respondents felt that in order to address the current challenges women need to find a niche in sport management and pursue it; women already holding management positions must become mentors of the next generation of women managers; and a career in sport management required women to balance their roles with their personal life.The recommendations drawn provided opportunities to fast track the progress of gender equity in sports management: to educate a patriarchal society with changing roles for the girl child; to encourage women to equip themselves with knowledge and become vocal in their work environment; to overcome male domination and improve the communication gap between older and newer generations in sport management
Foreign Exchange Rate and Economic Growth: The Case of Hong Kong
Get PDFThe relationship between the exchange rate and the real GDP of Hong Kong in the long period from 1955 to 2015 is investigated using a structural VAR model. The mutual effect of the two variables is studied in three periods: The results indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the exchange rate and real GDP before Hong Kong’s economy booming. However, a significant positive correlation is found in the sample of 1975–1998, which is associated with the output increases. The direction between the exchange rate and real GDP becomes negative after 1998. In addition, based on Granger causality test, we found the exchange rate could Granger causes GDP after 1975, but there is no Granger causality connection between the two variables before 1975
Remittances-Output Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper examines remittances–growth nexus for Nigeria by applying cointegration and Granger causality analysis. The data set used is annual time series observations for the period 1977 – 2016. Four possible hypotheses were examined: i) remittances inflow cause growth, ii) growth cause remittances inflow, iii) there is a bi-directional causality between the two variables and iv) both variables are causality independent. Granger causality test result shows that remittance lead growth in the short-run, but there is no long-run relationship between the variables.
Effects of Employee Satisfaction on the Relationship between IT Capability and Firm Performance
Get PDFIt has been widely accepted that Information Technology (IT) within an organization plays a determinant role of positively influencing the firm’s market performance. As technology becomes cheaper and more standardized, entry barriers to adopting advanced technology have been reduced. The adoption of such standardized and homogenous IT systems has lowered expectations of the competitive benefits resulting from the adopted IT. Thus, previous studies have shown mixed results in assessing the relationship between the adoption of IT and a firm’s market performance.Regarding the process of the adoption and use of IT, the skill level of employees has been argued as one of the key inputs to determine the relationship between IT and a firm’s market performance. Employees may resist the changes resulting from modification of current IT or the adoption of new IT. In order to lower such resistance, firms should provide organizational environments which allow associated employees to be comfortable when changing IT systems.Regarding the relationship between the IT resource and employees, previous studies have primarily focused on IT users. However, non-IT users are often affected by the use of IT. In this present study, we argue that all employees including both IT-users and non-IT users must be simultaneously considered in order to fully understand the relationship between IT capability and a firm’s performance. Such a relationship is the result of a comfortable and cooperative environment, which is linked to employee satisfaction. Thus, we propose in this study that employee satisfaction including non-IT-users within the firm’s environment positively affects the relationship between IT capability and firm market performance
The Impact of Accounting Factors on Earning Quality: A Case Study of Commercial Banks in Iraq
Get PDFThis research has examined the impact of accounting factors (audit fees, ROA, EPS and debt ratio) on the earnings quality (EQ). The case was the commercial banks listed in Iraq stock exchange, for the period 2011-2015, and the sample was 15 commercial banks. We measured the EQ by using Richardson et al., (2003) model, and the main result were that audit fees, debt ratio, affect EQ, and also revealed that ROA and EPS have no effect on the EQ.
Correlation between New Employees’ Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention in Indonesia
Get PDFTurnover is avoided as much as companies can because the cost to employer of turnover are high, includes turnover in new employees. This research’s purpose is to measure whether there is a relation between organizational commitment and turnover intention on Indonesia’s new employees. The result showed that a significant relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention, r = -0.553, n = 131, p < .01, two tails
On Generalized (θ, θ) -3 -Derivations in Prime Near-Rings
Get PDFLet N be a near-ring and is a mapping on N . In this paper we introduce the notion of generalized (θ, θ)-3-derivation in near-ring N . Also we investigate the commutativity of addition of near-rings satisfying certain identities involving generalized (θ,θ)-3-derivation on prime near-rings
On Solving Comfortable Fractional Differential Equations
Get PDFThis paper adopts the relationship between conformable fractional derivative and the classical derivative. By using this relation, the comfortable fractional differential equation can transform to a classical differential equation such that the solution of these differential equations is the same. Two examples have been considered to illustrate the validity of our main results
Leadership, Employee Empowerment, Organizational Commitment, and Employee Performance in Senior High School
Get PDFResearch about leadership on employee performance within an organization is something of interest to be discussed at this time. This study about the influence of leadership on employee performance through employee empowerment and organizational commitment at the Senior High School level in the Petra Christian School Board (PPPK Petra). This research was conducted in all of teachers at the Senior High School in the Petra Christian School Board against 103 peoples who already have a Educator Certificate . Measurement of leadership variable used eight indicators; variable employee performance used eight indicators; employee empowerment variable used twelve indicators; and organizational commitment variables used six indicators that have been tested for reliability and validity. The results showed direct effect of leadership on employee performance, and there is indirect effect of leadership on employee performance through employee empowerment and organizational commitment as an intervening variable, so the total effect of the leadership on employee performance stronger.
Histaminosis of Turkeys in Kazakhstan
Get PDFHistomonosis - is a common protozoal disease of birds in poultry farms of Kazakhstan.Typical macroscopic and histological changes are found in the cecum and liver, specifically diphtheritic, sometimes fibrinous-hemorrhagic typhlitis, necrotizing hepatitis, catarrhal-desquamativeduodenitis, croup-diphtheritic diffuse or focal esophagitis, focal diphtheritic gastritis, congestive hyperemia and parenchymal dystrophy of the liver and kidneys, increasing glands of the esophagus, anemia of the visible mucous membranes, exhaustion. Histological changes are characterized by the formation of lymphoid-histiocyte infiltrates around histomonad