Jurnal Online KIMIA FMIPA (Fakultas Matematika & Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam), Universitas Mulawarman
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Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Peternakan Sapi dengan Konsorsium Mikroorganisme Lokal
No full textLimbah peternakan sapi yang dikumpulkan dari peternak di sekitar Hutan Batukahu, Bali, Indonesia, telah diolah menjadi biogas. Kotoran sapi ini diproses menggunakan sistem digester anaerobik (AD) dengan konsorsium mikroorganisme isolat lokal untuk menghasilkan biogas. Konsorsium tersebut terdiri dari mikroorganisme pengurai limbah yang berasal dari kelompok ragi, metanogen, dan Bacillus. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan desain acak kelompok dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi konsorsium yang ditambahkan, yaitu 10%, 20%, dan 30%, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah perbandingan antara kotoran sapi dan air, yaitu 1:1 dan 1:2, dalam biodigester berkapasitas 250 liter. Variabel yang diamati mencakup volume biogas, pH, tekanan, dan aplikasi penggunaan biogas. Hasil penelitian selama 31 hari menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi konsorsium tertinggi, yakni 20%, menghasilkan volume biogas sebesar 142.288,266 cm³, dengan suhu bioreaktor antara 30-32°C dan pH 7,1. Pengujian gas dilakukan dua kali, pertama pada hari ke-15 dan kedua pada hari ke-31. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menggunakan biogas untuk memasak adalah 24 menit, dengan tingkat efektivitas sebesar 84,71% dibandingkan dengan LPG
Adsorpsi Sinarcion Red C8B Menggunakan Arang Aktif Magnetik Berbasis Limbah Ampas Tebu
Full text linkABSTRAK
Penelitian tentang adsorpsi Sinarcion Red C8B menggunakan arang aktif magnetik berbasis limbah ampas tebu telah dilakukan. Adsorben komposit Fe3O4 arang aktif ampas tebu disintesis dari FeCl3.6H2O dan (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O dengan perbandingan 2:1 yang dikompositkan dengan arang aktif ampas tebu. Adsorben komposit Fe3O4 arang aktif ampas tebu dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan instrumen Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) serta dilakukan uji adsorpsi dengan menentukan waktu kontak, berat optimum, menentukan kapasitas adsorpsi dan menentukan persen adsorpsi dari sampel limbah kain tenun Sarung Samarinda. Hasil karakterisasi spektra FTIR komposit Fe3O4 arang aktif menunjukkan telah terbentuknya komposit dengan ditandai munculnya serapan pada bilangan gelombang 1222,25 cm-1 yaitu adanya gugus C-O dan munculnya serapan khas gugus Fe-O pada bilangan gelombang 573,94 cm-1. Difraktogram XRD komposit Fe3O4 arang aktif menunjukkan pola difraksi arang berbentuk amorf. Adsorpsi zat warna Sinarcion Red C8B pada waktu kontak 45 menit, berat optimum 0,1 g, mengikuti pola isoterm Freundlich dengan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 1,0489 mg/g dan persen adsorpsi dari sampel limbah kain tenun Sarung Samarinda sebesar 21,69%.
 
PEMANFAATAN ARANG AKTIF BONGGOL JAGUNG (Zea mays) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN RADIKAL ALKIL PEROKSIDA PADA MINYAK JELANTAH : STUDI PENURUNAN BILANGAN PEROKSIDA
Full text linkUsed cooking oil is known to contain lipids resulting from the oxidation process at high heating temperatures. The oxidation process in cooking oil continuously causes the formation of alkyl peroxide radicals. Used cooking oil is at risk of disrupting water and soil ecosystems if disposed of into the environment without further management. In this study, a characterization test of corn cob activated charcoal was carried out based on SNI 06-3730-1995, characterization using the Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) instrument and a test of the peroxide number in used cooking oil. The results of the activated charcoal characterization test showed that it still met the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995 and showed an increase in surface area of 109,705 m2/g in the SAA test. In the control before the adsorption process using corn cob activated charcoal, the peroxide number was 30 mek O2/kg. In the refining process of used cooking oil, there was a decrease in the peroxide number. The optimum decrease in the peroxide number was found at a charcoal mass of 4 g with a contact time of 45 minutes. The peroxide value obtained was 8 mek O2/kg, which was a decrease of around 73.33% from the used cooking oil before refining.
Keywords: Activated Charcoal, Alkyl Peroxide Radicals, Surface Area Analyzer, Used Cooking Oil, Zea Mays
PENYERAPAN LOGAM Pb2+ SECARA BIOLOGIS OLEH BAKTERI Escherichia coli
Full text linkThe biological absorption of Pb2+ metal by Escherichia coli bacteria has been conducted. This study aims to determine the ability of Escherichia coli bacteria to absorb Pb2+ metal based on variations in Pb2+ exposure concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ppm) over different exposure times (days) and to identify the optimal concentration and time required for Escherichia coli in the biological absorption of Pb2+ metal. The maximum wavelength of the standard Pb2+ solution is 520 nm. Based on the test results, Escherichia coli was able to absorb Pb2+ at varying exposure concentrations (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ppm) with biosorption percentages of 49.118%, 23.985%, 14.500%, 10.150%, and 7.808%, respectively. The optimal concentration and time required for Escherichia coli to absorb Pb2+ occurred on the 3rd day with a Pb2+ exposure concentration of 3 ppm.
Keywords: Biosorption, Pb2+ metal, Escherichia col
ANALISA KADAR AMONIA DAN UJI LOGAM BERAT (Fe dan Mn) PADA AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK
Full text linkA study entitled Analysis of Ammonia Levels and Heavy Metals (Fe and Mn) in Domestic Wastewater has been conducted. This research aimed to determine the concentrations of ammonia and heavy metals (Fe and Mn) in domestic wastewater from the drainage channel on Jalan H. M. Ardans (AL 1) and the wastewater treatment plant of PT. LAB (AL 2). Ammonia levels were analyzed using the phenate spectrophotometric method, while heavy metal concentrations (Fe and Mn) were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Based on the analysis results, ammonia levels were found to be 0.45 mg/L in AL 1 and 0.08 mg/L in AL 2. The concentration of iron (Fe) was 3.17 mg/L in AL 1 and 0.50 mg/L in AL 2. The concentration of manganese (Mn) was 15.07 mg/L in AL 1 and 0.30 mg/L in AL 2. The ammonia levels in both AL 1 and AL 2 complied with the quality standard of 10 mg/L. The Fe concentrations in AL 1 and AL 2 also met the quality standard of 5 mg/L. The Mn level in AL 2 met the quality standard of 2 mg/L, whereas the Mn level in AL 1 exceeded the permissible limit.
Keywords: ammonia, iron (Fe), domestic wastewater, manganese (Mn
Review Artikel: Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman Terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif
Full text linkAntibacterials are compounds used to eradicate microbes, especially microbes that harm humans. These antibacterial compounds can be extracted directly from plants, where these extracts contain secondary metabolite compounds that have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial testing is carried out on gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and others. The method used in this research was a literature study of 10 national and international articles published in the last 10 years. The articles cited focus on research articles on plants that have the potential as antibacterials of several gram-positive bacteria which include extract solvents, metabolite compound content in extracts and their activity capabilities based on the diameter value of the inhibition zone and/or minimum inhibitory concentration using the disc diffusion method.
Keywords : Antibacterial, Diffusion Discs, Gram Positive, Secondary Metabolite
MINI REVIEW: POTENSI FLORA SULAWESI SELATAN UNTUK SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
No full textSouth Sulawesi harbors a high diversity of plant species, including several endemic taxa with substantial potential for the development of environmentally sustainable nanomaterials. Among emerging approaches, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts as bioreducing and capping agents has gained significant attention due to its simplicity, low cost, and alignment with green chemistry principles. This mini-review provides an overview of recent advancements in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles mediated by local and endemic plant species from South Sulawesi. The review highlights the role of phytochemicals in nanoparticle formation, the characterization methods employed, and their potential applications in biomedical, catalytic, and environmental fields. Furthermore, it discusses the current challenges, including standardization of plant extracts, control over nanoparticle morphology, and scalability of the process. The findings emphasize the untapped potential of South Sulawesi flora as a promising biological resource for sustainable nanoparticle synthesis and encourage further interdisciplinary research in this area
Ekstraksi dan Isolasi Bahan Alam Secara Klasik dan Modern
Full text linkExtraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from natural materials is an important process in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and biotechnology industries. This process aims to obtain active compounds from plants, microorganisms, or animals for various applications. Classical extraction has been used for years, while modern methods have developed along with technological advances. This paper discusses the differences between classical and modern methods in the extraction and isolation of natural materials, including techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and fundamental differences between the two. Understanding these methods is important to improve efficiency and sustainability in the process of isolating bioactive compounds.
Keywords: Extraction, isolation, natural materials, classical methods, modern methods, bioactive compounds
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN BALAKACIDA (Chromolaena odorata L.)
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and toxicity and antioxidants in Balakacida leaf (Chromolaena odorata L.). The dried Balakacida (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf samples were extracted through maceration process using 96% ethanol solvent and the maceration filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. Furthermore, the crude extract obtained was carried out phytochemical testing, toxicity test with BSLT method and antioxidant test with DPPH method. Phytochemical results of crude extracts of Balakacida leaf isolates (Chromolaena odorata L.) are positive for alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and quinones. The results of the BSLT method toxicity test obtained an LC50 value of 42.77 ppm which indicates a very strong level of toxicity. The results of the antioxidant test obtained the actual IC50 value of 31.226 ppm indicate that the Balakacida leaf isolate (Chromolaena odorata L.) has very high antioxidant activity. Based on the results of the antioxidant test, Balakacida leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) have potential as an antioxidant plant.
Keywords : Antioxidant, Balakacida, Toxicity, Chromolaena odorata
PENGEMBANGAN KOMPOSIT ZIF-8 DENGAN LOGAM OKSIDA
Full text linkThis review article discusses the effectiveness of composite synthesis methods for ZIF-8 with metal oxides and their applications in various fields. ZIF-8 is a popular metal-organic framework due to its stability; however, it has limitations, such as low conductivity, limited catalytic activity, and poor recyclability. To address these issues, various methods for synthesizing ZIF-8-metal oxide composites have been developed in recent years. These composites demonstrate significant potential to enhance performance in applications like photocatalysis and energy storage, as metal oxide-based materials can provide higher energy density and improved conductivity. This review presents a recent comparison of different synthesis methods to provide further insights into developing these materials for industrial applications.
Keywords : Metal Oxide, ZIF-8, ZIF-8 Composite Synthesi