Tokyo Polytechnic University Repository / 東京工芸大学学術リポジトリ
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Synthesis of permethylated cyclodextrins
Get PDFシクロデキストリン(CyD)は天然でんぷんから酵素的に合成される環状オリゴ糖であり、中央の疎水性空洞に空洞の大きさに応じた分子を包接し、食品・医薬品・サプリメントや香粧品として応用展開されている。近年では高分子と組み合わせてタフポリマーや自己修復材料としても注目を集めている。これらはすべてCyDの包接挙動を基盤としているが、CyD の3次元構造も着目すべき特質である。親水性基である水酸基をメチルエーテル化するとクロロホルムなどの極性有機溶媒可溶となる。本研究は天然でんぷんから生成される半合成高分子ポリ乳酸の改質可塑剤に使用することを目的として様々な大きさのシクロデキストリン全メチル化を行った。精製同定を達成した。Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are naturally occurring α-(1,4)-linked cyclic maltooligosaccharides, consisting of six, seven to eight glucopyranosyl residues. Three hydroxyl groups are situated on the rims of the hydrophobic cavity. Treatment with methyl iodide and sodium hydride (NaH) in dry DMF gave permethyl-O--, -CyD and permethyl-O-hydroxypropyl--CyD. Purification was carried out with column chromatography and identification were confirmed by NMR and MALDI TOF-MS spectra.departmental bulletin pape
An Analysis of Modern Japanese Color Terms: A Case Study of How Many Color Terms Students of Media Arts Know
Get PDFThis paper discusses the usage of color terms in modern Japanese; especially how many color terms the students of media art have in their vocabulary. The author conducted a questionnaire-based research in which 198 participants were asked to recall any color term as many as possible. The result showed that; 1) the average number of recalled color terms was 25.35 (max 46, min 10), whereas the total number of color terms recalled by all informants was 346; 2) all 11 basic color terms proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969) were included in the 13 most frequent terms, and thus this paper confirms their basic color term theory; and 3) mizu-iro (color of water; light blue) and ki-midori (yellowish green) were more frequent than a basic color term of pink which was the least frequent in Berlin and Kay's 11 basic color terms, and thus they can be con-sidered to be the basic color terms in modern Japanese.departmental bulletin pape
Vibration characteristics of 4-story reinforced concrete middle-rise building through long-term measurement of ambient vibration
Get PDF建物の安全性及び居住性・使用性の評価において建物の振動特性を 精度よく評価することはきわめて重要である。振動特性は主に固有振動数と減衰定数により決まり，多くの場合観測データに頼っている。観測結果によると，減衰定数は固有振動数に比べてバラッキが大きく定量的な識論は難しい特徴がある。
本研究では鉄筋コンクリート造の4階中層建物を対象に，長期間観測された常時微動データを用いて固有振動数と減衰定数を検討した。特 に，減衰定数は減衰曲線の包絡線とウェーブレット変換及び対数減衰法 を用いて評価しており，減衰定数そのものの特性及び評価手法の違い による減衰定数の相違を明らかにした。The exact evaluation of vibration characteristics of buildings is generally very difficult and appears to be of important in the safety and habitability/serviceability design of buildings. Vibration characteristics were determined by the natural frequencies and damping ratio, and when compared to an estimation of the natural frequencies, the damping ratio is the most difficult quantity to evaluate. In many cases, vibration characteristics can be examined through the measurement of an ambient vibration, but the measurement is roughly limited within 2 hours. In the present study, characteristics of natural frequencies and damping ratio of 4-story reinforced concrete building were investigated through long-term measurement of the ambient vibration. One-month-long ambient vibration data were used, and time histories of free vibration were obtained using random decrement technique. Using the time histories, damping ratios were evaluated by three methods including the envelop function, continuous wavelet transform, and logarithmic decrement. It was found that although the natural frequencies show little variations on each measurement, the damping ratios show variations with time and the largest damping ratios were obtained from the continuous wavelet transform, while those from the envelop function showed the smallest value.departmental bulletin pape
Questioning, Shitsumon and Hatsumon in classroom setting: a view from pragmatics and psychology
Get PDF学校教育の授業の場で、教師が学び手に発する質問と発問の違いにつ いて、語用論と心理学の視点から明らかにすることを目的とする。その中で、語用論においては、これまでの先行研究における知見から質問と発 問の違いについて検討する。また、心理学からは、記憶と理解という点、 および教師の役割モデルという点から検討する。This paper focuses on questioning in classroom setting. In Japanese, questioning from teacehrs to learners are categorized into shitsumon (ordinary questioning) and ‘hatsumon (effective questioning). A Hatsumon is a questions asked by teachers to learners to encourage students to speak and express themselves, Hatsumon should explore the depth of students’ knowledge, and require students to extend answer, think critically and creatively. However, many of the teachers whose native language is Japanese feel difficulties to ask hatsumon type of questions. In this paper, Shigemitsu discusses why they feel such difficulties. She employs literatures on question-answer sequence from the pragmatic point of view. It is clarified that Japanese people do not use this type of questions in ordinary conversation. Therefore, hatsumon is a marked verbal behavior. However, in the classroom setting, the term shitsumon has different meaning from ordinary usages. Ozawa discusses differences between shitsumon and hatsumon in the classroom setting from the aspect of psychology. His discussion indicates that that shitsumon corresponds to ‘students’ memory’ and hatsumon corresponds to ‘students’ understanding.’ Teachers have two roles: a role of a messenger of content of each subject to learners and a role of bridge between learners and the content of each subject. The former is compatible with shitsumon and the latter is compatible with hatsumon.departmental bulletin pape
Characteristics of the Language Lerner Strategies Used during the Learning of Complex Sentences
Get PDF第二言語学習者に英文の複文の疑問文の翻訳課題を与えその過程における学習者方略使用の傾向と使用される学習者方略の性質について調査、考察を行った。The acquisition order of morpheme has been the focus of the researchers of applied Linguists.
This paper discuss the order of conscious learning of structuring interrogative questions in terms
of the cognitive processing in a translation task. The results of the learners' processing of the
Japanese sentences and translation showed the use of learner strategies including idiosyncratic
errors, avoidance strategies, rephrasing, etc., which were not the direct translation from the
Japanese to English but effective as far as the sentences can communicate.departmental bulletin pape
Beyond the Silence: Shusaku Endo Looked Through Roberto Rossellini
Get PDF"Silence" (1966) written by Shusaku Endo, a Japanese Catholic writer is the provocative novel which takes up the conflict between the traditional view of Japanese religion and the Catholicism. As for the subject, a focus is affected more by the protagonist Rodoriguez's, secession from the church rather than by the absence of God. Although Masahiro Shinoda's first film version seems, by asking the reason why Christianity did not root in Japan, to present a discussion on the view of Japanese, the remade version by the Italian-American director Martin Scorsese would attempt to approach the same theme by the Christian side. Preferring some religious subjects, Scorsese is under the extreme influence of Roberto Rossellini's films such as Paisa'.departmental bulletin pape
A Study and Analysis of Game Engines in Doujin Games at Comic Market 92
Get PDFWe researched game engines used in doujin games for Comic Market 92. Studies about game engines in doujin games have existed for a long time, but in such investigations, the game engines used for visual novels have been at the center of at-tention. It is now increasingly common for doujin games to be developed in 3D, however, and more in-depth investigations about the foundation of the game industry are important in understanding this trend. In our study, we identified the game engines used in doujin games and the configuration of the distributed applications. Then we analyzed the spread of game engines from the genre under examination and found that 2D visual novels were produced at an overwhelming rate as doujin games. It turned out that different game engines are used depending on a doujin game's context and genre. Game engines are highly diverse in 2D doujin games, whereas game engines that are often used in commercial games－such as Unity and Unreal Engine－are starting to be used in 3D doujin games. However, it seems that the 2D and 3D doujin game production communities are divided. How the two communities can improve their relationship.departmental bulletin pape
