Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
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Effect of Immobilization Stress on Plasma Concentration of Corticosterone During Light Periods in Gifujidori Roosters
Get PDF明期における緊縛ストレスが血漿コルチコステロン濃度に及ぼす影響を検討するため,岐阜地鶏雄を用いて,6 : 00,12 : 00,17 : 00(14L : 10D,5 : 00点灯)における血漿コルチコステロン濃度とストレスに対する反応性を比較した。血漿コルチコステロン濃度は,6 : 00(2.62±0.24ng/ml)の値が最も高く,12 : 00(1.47±0.40ng/ml),17 : 00(1.02±0.19ng/ml)と低い値を示した(P<0.05)。どの時刻においても,血漿コルチコステロン濃度は緊縛ストレスにより上昇した。6 : 00において,血漿コルチコステロン濃度はストレス負荷後0～60分まで他の時刻のものより高濃度で推移した。ストレスに対する反応性は,17 : 00が最も高く,12 : 00,6 : 00の順で低くなる関係を示した。以上の結果より,岐阜地鶏雄の血漿コルチコステロン濃度は明期開始後に高いこと,明期開始後は,ストレス負荷後も濃度を高く維持し続けること,また,ストレスの反応性は暗期開始前に高くなることが明らかとなった。In order to consider the effect of stress on plasma concentration of corticosterone during light periods, we compared plasma concentration of corticosterone with reactivity to stress at 6 : 00, 12 : 00, and 17 : 00 (14L : 10D, light on at 5 : 00) in Gifujidori roosters. Plasma concentration of corticosterone was the highest value at 6 : 00 (2.62±0.24ng/ml), and became low in order of 12 : 00 (1.47±0.40ng/ml) and 17 : 00 (1.02±0.19ng/ml) (P<0.05). At all times, plasma concentration of corticosterone increased after immobilization stress. At 6 : 00, plasma concentration of corticosterone showed a higher level than that of the other time 0-60 minutes after restraint. Reactivity to stress was the highest at 17 : 00, and became low in order of 12 : 00 and 6 : 00. Therefore, in Gifujidori roosters, it became clear that plasma concentration of corticosterone was high after the onset of light period, it also continued to be high after stress, and reactivity to stress became high before the onset of dark period when plasma concentration of corticosterone became low.E4KJ00004019069短報Short Communicatio
Lipid composition of the phospholipid mixture prepared from each part of raw sardine(Sardcnops melanostica)
Get PDF前報で生の魚体から分離,回収したリン脂質混合物に雛の成長促進効果があること,および生の魚体からタンパク質分解酵素を用いてリン脂質を回収するための前処理としての酵素処理条件について報告した。本報告では,工業的にリン脂質を回収する場合を想定し,魚加工場で発生する加工副産物(頭,骨,内臓)中のリン脂質含量を知ることを目的とし,生の魚体を肉部,頭・中骨混合部および内臓部の3部位にわけ,それぞれの総脂質含有量,総脂質中リン脂質含有量と脂肪酸組成および各部位から回収したリン脂質混合物,リン脂質混合物中のリン脂質含量などにつき検討した。その結果は次のようにまとめられた。1.マイワシ全魚体の総脂質量は約13%で,総脂質中リン脂質は約11%であった。2.マイワシ全魚体の脂肪酸組成は食品成分表に示されたものとほぼ同じで,全脂肪酸中n-3の合計は32%であった。3.マイワシの3部位中,総脂質含量がもっとも多い部位は内臓部20%で,肉部と頭・中骨混合部は9～12%であった。しかし,各部位の総脂質中リン脂質含量は10～13%と部位による差は少なかった。4.各部位から回収したリン脂質混合物の回収率は肉部と頭・中骨混合部が19～20%で,内臓部は8%であった。5.リン脂質混合物中の総脂質量は乾物換算で肉部29%,内臓部23%,頭・中骨混合部19%であった。また総脂質中のリン脂質含量は内臓部が57%ともっとも高く,肉部,頭・中骨混合部は19～20%と低かった。6.以上より,マイワシ各部から回収できるリン脂質は生原料に対し肉部が1.2%,内臓部が1.1%で,頭・中骨混合部は0.7%であった。In the previous paper, it was reported that the phospholipid mixture prepared from fish had a growth promoting effect on chick, and the conditions necessary for enzymatic preparation of phospholipids from fish using protease was determined. The aim of this report is to estimate the content of phospholipids in the by-product in the fish-manufacturing factories for effective use of the industrial recovery of phopholipids. The total lipid content was examined together with, the content of phospholipids in total lipids and the fatty-acid composition in the three parts of raw sardine and phospholipid mixture in three parts of raw sardine, meat, head-and-bone mixture and viscera were determined. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The content of total lipids, phospholipids in total lipids in raw sardine was 13% and 11%. 2. Fatty-acid composition of raw sardines was similar to that shown in the table of food composition, and the sum of n-3 fatty acids in the total fatty acids was 32%. 3. The content of total lipids in raw sardines was highest in the viscera (20%) and lowest in the meat and head-and-bone mixture (9-12%). However, the content of phospholipids in the total lipids from each part was 10 to 12%, and there was only a small difference among the three parts. 4. The recovery percentage of phospholipids from the meat and head-and-bone mixture was 19 to 20% and that from the viscera was 8%. 5. The content of total lipids in the phospholipid mixture was 29% on a dry weight basis in the meat, 23% in the viscera and 19% in the head-and-bone mixture. The content of phospholipids in the total lipids was highest in the viscera (56%) and low in the meat and head-and-bone mixture (19 to 20%). 6. The amount of recoverable phospholipids from raw meat, viscera and head-and-bone mixture was estimated to be 1.2, 1.1 and 0.7%, respectively.E5KJ00004019075論文Articl
Organization and Corporation System : Basic Structure and Significance of Modern Business Enterprise
Get PDF本研究は,現代企業の基本構造とその特質について,それを構成する基本要素である組織と法人制度の理論的な分析・検討を通して明らかにした。組織と法人制度を同時に同一の視点で論じるという学際的な手法は必ずしも一般的手法とは言えないが,しかし,そのことにより現代企業の特質の一端を把握することができた。すなわち,近代化と産業化により促進された資本主義経済のもとで,現代企業は組織と法人制度を有機的に結合させ合理性と効率性を追求し規模拡大を進めていった。しかしながら,一方で企業規模の拡大は様々な社会的問題を惹起しており,組織と法人制度の本質をふまえ,社会的視点に立脚した新たな現代企業の意義づけが求められる。In this study, the author has shown the basic structure and significance of a modern business enterprise by a theoretical approach to the organization and the corporation system which are its fundamental elements. This is not the generally accepted method to study the organization and the corporation system in the same frame of reference, like interdeciplinary methods. However, the author has been able to show some particularly significant aspects of a modern business enterprise. A modern business enterprise has had rationality and efficiency as its nature and has been raising the scale and scope of business by making use of the organization and the corporation system. On the other hand, however, we have to seek the new significance of the modern business enterprise based on the social response as part of the nature of the organization and the corporation system, because modern business enterprise has been causing some social problems with the enlarging of its scale and scope.E2KJ00004019091論文Articl
Anthracnose of Agapanthus (African Lily) Caused by Colletotrichum dematium
Get PDF2004年5月茨城県取手市で激しい葉枯症状を呈するアガパンサスを採集した。病葉上には剛毛を有する分生子層が肉眼では多数の小黒粒点として観察でき,培養菌叢はPDA培地上で暗灰色～黒色,分生子は鎌形で大きさ15.0～21.5×2.5～3.7μmであった。これらの形態的特徴から,本菌をColletotrichum dematium (Per. : Fr.) Groveと同定した。接種試験による病原性の確認を行った結果,接種約1週間後に病徴が再現され,病斑部から本菌が再分離された。これらの結果から,本病はC. dematiumによって引き起こされたことが明らかになり,病名としてアガパンサス炭疽病を提言した。In 2004, a new disease was found on African lily (Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmanns.) leaves, in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Brown to grayish brown leaf blight lesions were observed on over-wintered leaves. A fungus belonging to the genus Colletotrichum was observed on these lesions. Its acervuli had setae. The colonies were black or dark gray on PDA medium. Conidia were aseptate, hyaline, falcate, and 15.0～21.5×2.5～3.7μm (17.3×3.0μm in average). Appressoria were oval or slightly irregular, dark brown colored and 9.5～18.7×5.2～10.0μm in size. Based upon these morphological characteristics, this fungus was identified as Colletotrichum dematium (Per. : Fr.) Grove. Isolated fungus was pathogenic to the original host plant in artificial inoculation test. This is the first report describing the African lily disease caused by C. dematium in Japan. Therefore, anthracnose of agapanthus (agapanthus tanso-byo) is proposed as a new disease in Japan.E3KJ00004669912論文Articl
Variations of Yield-related Traits of Rice Landraces in the Central Plain of Myanmar
Get PDFミャンマーのイネ地方品種の収量関連形質の品種間変異を明らかにするために,出穂期の品種間変異の比較的小さい中央平地のBago管区とMandalay管区の92地方品種にミャンマーの高収量品種Manawthukha, Yar 2およびIR 72を比較として加え,到穂日数,稈長,穂長,穂数,一穂重,一株穂重,一株地上部乾物重,籾千粒重,籾の長径と幅,収穫指数(HI)を調査し,解析した。92地方品種はいずれの形質に関しても大きな品種間変異を示し,改良品種に比べて,晩生,長稈,長穂で一穂重,籾千粒重が大きく,概して穂重型の品種が多かった。草型に関しては比較品種が短稈・穂数型であるのに対し,多くの地方品種は長稈・穂重型の草型を示した。地方品種の収量関連形質間の関係から,籾幅と籾千粒重との間には高い相関関係(r=0.60**)が認められた。大粒型(b型)品種は籾幅が大きく,長粒型(c型)品種は籾幅が小さい傾向があり,籾の大小は籾長より籾幅の変異に左右されることがわかった。収穫指数と一穂重との間には高い相関(r=0.60**)が認められた。収穫指数の大小は,改良品種では穂数に依存しているのに対し,地方品種では一穂重に依存する傾向があった。地方品種の特徴を総合的に把握するために,到穂日数,稈長,穂数,穂長,一穂重,籾千粒重,籾長,籾幅の8形質の相関行列を用いて主成分分析を行った。その結果,大粒のb型の品種はc型の品種に比べて相対的に第1主成分スコアーが大きく,晩生で籾千粒重が大きい特徴をもつことが分かった。中央地域の天水稲は,地形と降雨パターンによって洪水常習地帯あるいは時々洪水にあう冠水常習地帯に栽培されている。このような悪い水利条件下で栽培されているイネは雑草との激しい競合の下におかれていたため,栄養生長が旺盛で稈長の長い穂重型品種が有利になると推察された。A total of 92 rice landraces collected in Bago and in Mandalay Divisions of the central region of Myanmar and 3 improved cultivars as references were grown at the Central Agriculture Research Institute in Yezin, Myanmar in order to investigate varietal differences in the yield-related traits e.g. days to heading, culm length, number of panicles, panicle length, single panicle dry weight, panicle dry weight/plant, total dry weight, 1000 grain weight, unhulled grain length and width, harvest index (HI). Compared with the improved cultivars used as reference, Myanmar rice landraces seemed to be categorized into the panicle weight type with rather long culm and few panicles. There was a significant correlation (r=0.60**) between the grain width and the 1000 grain weight in the correlations among the yield-related traits. This result indicates that the size of unhulled grain is influenced more by the variation of grain width than that of grain length. In addition, there was a significant correlation (r=0.60**) between the HI and the single panicle dry weight. The HI of improved cultivars depends upon the number of panicles, while that of rice landraces of Myanmar depend upon the single panicle dry weight. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out with the eight yield-related traits to characterize Myanmar rice landraces. The results of PCA disclosed that the b (large grain) type landraces tended to have the longer growth duration and the heavier weight of grains than the c (slender grain) -types. Myanmar rice landraces, which have been extinct due to rapid diffusion of modern cultivars, are expected to supply rice breeders with useful gene resources for improving agronomic traits like yield, tolerance to various environmental stresses, and so on.E2KJ00004867533論文Articl
Composting Grass Cuttings in the Vegetation Management of Semi-natural Grasslands on the Atsugi Campus, Tokyo University of Agriculture : Effect of Duration of Heat Exposure on Weed Seed Viability Included in Cutting Grasses
Get PDF神奈川県に位置する東京農業大学厚木キャンパスは半自然草地が残されている。資源循環型農業をキャンパス内ですすめるために,これらの草地の植生管理によって生じる刈り草を堆肥化した際,刈り草に含まれる種子の死滅に及ぼす温度と加温日数の影響を明らかにした。キャンパス内に生育するスイバRumex acetosa L., ギシギシRumex japonicus Houtt.(タデ科Polygonaceae),アブラナBrassica rapa L.(アブラナ科Curcifere)およびイヌムギBromus catharticus Vahl(イネ科Poaceae)の4種の種子を用い実験した結果,40℃,45℃および55℃の加温では,すべての種において加温処理日数が長くなるに連れて発芽率は低下した。また,加温処理温度が高くなるに連れてすべての種で発芽率は低下した。60℃温度区では4種すべてにおいて加温処理日数1日で全く発芽が観察されなかった。Semi-natural grasslands remain on the Atsugi Campus of Tokyo University of Agriculture. To manage the vegetation of the grasslands, the grass is periodically cut. Composting the grass cuttings on campus is sound recycling practice. The compost can then be used as a soil supplement to improve agriculture. We conducted this study to examine the effect of temperature and duration of heat exposure on weed seed viability in the cut grass. Four species, Rumex acetosa L., Rumex japonicus Houtt., Brassica rapa L. and Bromus catharticus Vahl, which commonly occur in semi-natural grasslands on the campus in the spring, were selected for study. The rate of germination of each species decreased after long exposure to heat when treated at 40℃, 45℃ and 55℃. The seeds of all four species were killed by exposure to temperatures of 60℃ for one day.E6KJ00005590559論文Articl
mtDNA Polymorphisms of Japanese Native Horse
Get PDF日本在来馬8馬種(北海道和種馬,木曽馬,野間馬,対州馬,御崎馬,トカラ馬,宮古馬,与那国馬)のミトコンドリアDNAコントロール領域の多型解析を行なった。その結果,8馬種で14ハプロタイプが認められた。系統樹解析の結果,14ハプロタイプ間に明確な遺伝的差異は認められず,日本在来馬の単一起源説を支持するものであった。各馬種のハプロタイプ構成を比較した結果,遺伝的多様性が維持されている馬種や失いつつある馬種の存在が明らかとなった。また,8馬種は互いに明確に異なるハプロタイプ構成を保有することが明らかとなった。これは,各飼養地域内で長期間維持されてきたため,各馬種で固有のハプロタイプ構成を持つに至ったと考えられた。Control region of mtDNA polymorphisms of 345 animals in 8 Japanese native horse breeds, that is Hokkaido, Kiso, Noma, Taishu, Misaki, Tokara, Miyako and Yonaguni, were analyzed. Fourteen haplotypes were recognized. From the analyses of dendrogram (Fig. 1), the topology showed one cluster including 14 haplotypes, namely no clear genetic differences were found among these haplotypes. The results were considered to maintain that Japanese native horses have been originated from Korean peninsular rout reported by NOZAWA et el, not from 2 types and 2 routs reported by HAYASHIDA. From the constitution of haplotype analyses (Table 1), It was reveled that Kiso, Misaki and Taishu breeds are maintaining a high level of genetic diversity, on the other hand, Noma and Tokara breeds are losing diversity, and 8 breeds have clearly different haplotypes, respectively. For this reason, it can be estimated that each native breed has been kept within each feeding place for a long time.E6KJ00005764604短報Research Dat
Rice Prices and Rice-Purchasing Behaviors of Japanese Consumers
Get PDF本稿では,461人の消費者を対象としたアンケート調査に基づき,我が国の消費者の米購買行動に関する分析を行った。さまざまな価格帯の米の中から消費者が購入する米を決定する際に作用する要因を重回帰モデルによって検討するとともに,米価が変動した場合の購買行動を類型化し,数量化II類の手法を用いて類型間に差異をもたらしている要因を明らかにした。分析から得られた知見を整理すると,次のとおりである。第1に,米の選択に際しては,世帯総所得,世帯員数,米購入量といった1人当たり消費支出額を規定する経済的要因に加え,米購入時の関心項目や購入者の職業といった要因が影響していた。第2に,米価が変動した場合の購買行動は,米の購入量やブランドを変えない意向の世帯(タイプ1),米の購入量は変えずにブランドを変える世帯(タイプ2),米の購入量を変えブランドは変えない世帯(タイプ3),米の購入量やブランドをともに変える世帯(タイプ4)に区分でき,調査した総世帯に占めるそれぞれの構成割合は10.4%,52.3%,8.7%,28.6%となっていた。第3に,米価が大幅に下落しても,米の購入量が増える見込みはきわめて小さい。第4に,タイプ1～タイプ4の購買行動の違いには,世帯総所得,世帯員数,米購入時の関心項目,購入者の年齢,職業,居住地域の6要因が影響していた。This paper analyzed rice-purchasing behaviors through a questionnaire survey of 461 consumers in Japan. Two main analyses were undertaken. First, factors affecting consumers' decision-making in selecting the most preferable rice from various price ranges were examined using a multiple regression model. Second, consumer purchasing behaviors when rice prices change were classified into some types, and factors affecting them were examined using the method of quantification type II. The results obtained from the analyses are as follows. First, consumers' selection of rice was affected not only by the economic factors which influenced the consumption expenses per capita such as household gross income and family size but also by the occupations of purchaser and the points of interest when purchasing rice. Second, consumer purchasing behaviors with rice price changes could be classified into four types : Type 1 (would neither change the quantity nor the brand of rice) ; Type 2 (would not change the quantity but the brand of rice) ; Type 3 (would change the quantity but not the brand of rice) ; and Type 4 (would change the quantity and the brand of rice). According to the questionnaire survey, Type 1 constituted 10.4% of the total ; Type 2, 52.3% ; Type 3, 8.7% ; and Type 4, 28.6%. Third, the quantity of purchased rice would barely increase even if rice prices would fall dramatically. Fourth, household gross income, family size, points of interest when purchasing rice, occupation, age, and residence area were the causes of different purchasing behaviors of Type 1-Type 4.E6KJ00006504843論文Articl
Statistical Analyses of Emu Products (Fat and Meat)
Get PDFエミューは,粗放飼育に耐え,その生産物(脂肪,肉)には機能的特性があることから,オホーツク地域の新規産業動物として着目されている。しかし,エミューの生産物を効率良く回収する情報が少ないことから,その生産物の出荷適期を明らかにすることを目的に統計学的に解析した。4～5歳齢(雌雄)エミューの平均体重は約40kgであったが,脂肪重量は雄(9.42±0.40kg)の方が雌(7.34±0.64kg)に比べ有意に高かった(p<0.01)。体重に対する脂肪比率では,雄が28.49%で,雌が24.25%で,雌雄間に有意差が認められた(p<0.01)。脂肪量は体重増加に伴い雌雄ともに増加した。体重(♂)が30～35kg区の脂肪重量は5.99±0.35kgで,50～55kg区では15.33±0.85kgで有意差が認められた(p<0.01)。さらに,体重40kg未満と40kg以上の間で比べた場合には,雌雄の脂肪重量と,雄のモモ肉重量にそれぞれ有意差が認められた(p<0.01)。また,体重と脂肪重量間には強い正の相関(r=0.785)が認められた。出荷時期の生産物量では,7月～12月の下半期の方が,体重と脂肪量が多くなる傾向にあったが,モモ肉は雌雄ともに大きな差異は認められなかった。雄の脂肪重量に関して,下半期が9.94±0.47kgで,上半期が7.75±0.64kgで,下半期が有意に高い値であった(p<0.01)。The emu is attracting attention as a novel livestock product in the Okhotsk area because it can be bred by extensive farming and the fat and meat produced from the bird have functional characteristics. However, as information on how to efficiently collect emu products is very limited, statistical analyses were conducted to examine the appropriate period for shipping such products. The mean body weight of four and five year old emus was 40kg. The body fat weight of males (9.42±0.40 kg) was significantly larger than that of female emus (7.34±0.64kg) (p<0.01). The proportion of the fat expressed as a percentage of the body weight of male and female emus was 28.49 and 24.25%, respectively ; there was a significant difference between the two genders (p<0.01). The amount of fat of both male and female emus increased as their body weights increased. The weight of fat of male emus that weighed between 30 and 35kg was 5.99±0.35kg, and 15.33±0.85kg for the 50 to 55kg group, a significant difference was noted (p<0.01). There were also significant differences in the weights of fat of male and female emus and thigh meat of males between less than 40kg and 40kg or more groups (p<0.01). There was a strong correlation between the body and fat weights (r=0.785). Regarding the weights of products according to the period of shipment, the body and fat weights of emus shipped between July and December (the second half period) were larger, whereas there was no significant difference in the weights of thigh meat of both male and female emus depending on the shipping period. The fat weight of male emus shipped in the first and second periods were 7.75±0.64 and 9.94±0.47kg, respectively ; the weight of fat in the second period was significantly larger (p<0.01).E5KJ00009312359論文Articl
Sexing of Long-Clawed Shrew (Sorex unguiculatus) by Using Genomic DNA from the Hair
Get PDFオオアシトガリネズミは外見による性判別が難しい上に,保定による外部生殖器の観察が野生由来の飼育個体に多大なストレスを与える可能性もある。そこで本研究では,同種の体毛を材料としたPCRによる性判別法について検討した。毛による性判別に先立ち,解剖して生殖腺で性別を確認した個体から肝臓を採取し,肝臓由来のゲノムDNAで性判別を行った。雄特異的プライマーはヨーロッパトガリネズミで雄特異的産物の検出が報告されているDBY8,雌雄共通プライマーはスンクス(ジャコウネズミ)におけるAqp3の相補的DNA配列からデザインしたAQP3を用いた。その結果,DBY8では雄,AQP3では雌雄の両者において明瞭な1本バンドのPCR産物が検出され,それらによる性判別の結果は,解剖で確認した性別と一致した。次いで体毛に由来するゲノムDNAで性判別を行ったところ,解剖で確認した性別と完全に一致した。以上より,生体から反復して簡便に採取できる体毛を材料として,PCRによるオオアシトガリネズミの性判別法を確立した。Sexing of the long-clawed shrew based on its external features is relatively difficult. And physical restraint to observe their external genitalia often causes extreme levels of stress, because the wild shrews are unaccustomed to handling. In this study, we employed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of genomic DNA (gDNA) from the hair of the shrews as an alternative method for sexing. In the preliminary experiment, the sexes of the shrews were confirmed by observing their gonads after dissection, prior to PCR analysis using gDNA extracted from the livers. DBY8, a male-specific primer set for the European shrew, was utilized as the male-specific primer set. AQP3, designed from the complementary DNA sequence of Aqp3 from musk shrew, was utilized as the gender-neutral primer set. A single, clear PCR product was detected in the gDNA from males by using DBY8 and from both sexes by using AQP3 after electrophoresis. The results of sexing by PCR analysis of the hair gDNA were completely consistent with the sexing as confirmed by observing the dissected gonads. In conclusion, we developed a reliable method of sexing by using PCR analysis of gDNA extracted from the hair of the long-clawed shrew, which is a specimen that can be collected non-invasively and repeatedly.E9KJ00009434339短報Not