Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
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Effect of Warm-up Exercise on the Activity of Horses
Get PDF身体的な効果や心理的な効果を得ることを目的とする乗馬療法が動物介在療法の1つとして広く行われるようになってきた。乗馬療法に用いる馬は,乗馬時および乗降時に,予期せぬ刺激等に驚き突発的に動かないことや,曳き運動を行う曳き手に反抗的な態度をとらないようにすることが大切である。準備運動を行うことで,馬の反抗と位置づけられる曳き運動中の停止や首の動きについて,首の上下運動および水平運動において有意に回数と程度が減少し,停止回数についてより減少する傾向があった。乗馬療法の活動を行う前に準備運動を行うことで,活動中の予期せぬ刺激に対する反応が抑制されることと,曳き手の指示に反抗する行動が減少することが明らかとなった。単なる馬の事故を防ぐためと捉えられがちな準備運動には,安全な活動につながる効果があり,乗馬療法を行う際には適切な準備運動を行うことが大切である。Horse therapy for the purpose of physical effect and psychological effect was tested as one means of animal assisted therapy. The horse which is used for horse therapy needs to have the ability to stay calm with unexpected stimulation and not to take a rebellious attitude toward the trainer. There is a tendency for the number of times and the grade to decrease intentionally in an up-and-down and leveling movement of a head, and for the motion of the stop to be regarded as resistance in the horse and for the head to decrease the number of times of a stop by performing a warm-up exercise before therapy activity. It became clear that reaction to unexpected stimulation and rebellious attitude decreased after performing a warm-up exercise before the activity of horse therapy. An appropriate warm-up exercise assumes that preventing accidents for the horse is important for the safe activity of horse therapy.E7KJ00008890539論文Articl
Bactericide Susceptibility of Bacterial Shot Hole Bacteria of Peach (mainly Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni)
Get PDFモモせん孔細菌病は重要病害の一つであり,国内ではXanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae およびBrenneria nigrifluensの3種が病原細菌として報告されている。一般的に本病の主病原はX. a. pv. pruniであるとされているが,それを詳細に調査した報告は少ない。また,本病の防除は抗生物質剤を中心とした薬剤の散布が主である。抗生物質剤は様々な病害で薬剤耐性菌の発生が報告されており問題となっている。本病においても耐性菌の出現による防除効果の低下が懸念されている。そこで,2008年から2011年の4年間に合計7県151ほ場からモモせん孔細菌病罹病試料を採取し,病原細菌を分離,国内で発生している本病の主病原を再確認したところ,分離した菌株のほとんどがX. a. pv. pruniであったことから本病の主病原はX. a. pv. pruniである可能性が示唆された。さらに,菌株のオキシテトラサイクリン,オキソリニック酸およびストレプトマイシンに対する最小生育阻止濃度(MIC)を調査したところ,オキシテトラサイクリンおよびオキソリニック酸に対するMICは25ppm以下であった。一方,ストレプトマイシンに対してはMICが2000ppm以上を示す菌株が200菌株と全体の43%を占めており,ストレプトマイシンに対して耐性を有するX. a. pv. pruniが比較的高い割合で存在することが示唆された。Although bacterial shot hole disease is one of the most important diseases in peach production and three pathogens have been reported from the disease in Japan, there is little investigation on the dominant pathogen. As the use of bactericidal antibiotics is indispensable to control this disease, emergence of the causal bacteria with resistance to bactericides has been reported and is noticed as a serious problem in peach production. Samples of peach plants with bacterial shot hole disease were collected from 151 fields in 7 prefectures in four years from 2008 to 2011 for isolation and reaffirmation of the main causal bacteria. Most frequently isolated bacteria was identified as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, recognized as the dominant causal agent of bacterial shot hole disease of peach. The bacterial isolates identified as the dominant pathogen were examined for their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and streptomycin to evaluate their susceptibility. Although all isolates tested were susceptible to oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid and showed <25ppm (MIC), 200 isolates (43% of tested isolates) showed more than 2000ppm (MIC) to streptomycin and were judged as resistant. The results of the survey showed the considerably higher population of X. a. pv. pruni with resistance to streptomycin in peach fields.E9KJ00009312459論文Articl
Lesser Sonneteer Contributions: Examples from Elizabethan Minor Love Sonnet Sequences
Get PDF大学院満期退学後本学に着任して以来，英国ルネサンス期の恋愛ソネットについて研究を重ねてきた。研究を始めたきっかけは，修士課程で取り上げたウィリアム・シェイクスピア『ソネット集』であったが，その後博士課程に進んでシェイクスピアのこの詩集を理解するためには，シェイクスピア以外のマイナーなソネット詩人たちを理解する事が必須であると考えるようになった。そのような時1996年9月から約1年間の英国ヨーク大学への「依命国外出張」の機会を東京農業大学からいただき，自分の研究プロジェクトの方向性を決める大きなきっかけとなった。それは，英国ルネサンス期（シェイクスピアの時代）のマイナーなソネット詩人（sonneteer）たちの作品（特に，1つのテーマを持った「連作ソネット集」（sonnet sequences）を研究する事であった。結果として，単著『ペトラルキズムのありか─エリザベス朝恋愛ソネット論』（音羽書房鶴見書店，2010）を上梓する事ができた。本論考ではこの単著出版以降の研究論文から，各ソネット詩人の代表作（原文と和訳）をピックアップしてこれまでの自分の研究の軌跡を辿り，今後の研究の方向性を見定める機会にしたい。その際，著書のタイトルにもある「ペトラルキズム」（ルネサンス期にイギリスで流行した，イタリアの詩人ペトラルカの詩風とその影響）を軸に，そのペトラルキズムがイギリスの各詩人によってどのように取り入れられていったかを考えていった。During my academic career in Nodai, almost all my research energy was applied to the study of Elizabethan love sonnet sequences, whose peak was at the end of the sixteenth century England. The sonnet form itself is said to be born in 13th Century Sicily, but it got extraordinarily popular as a main poetical form with the participation of dolce stil nuovo poets, especially Dante Alighieri. But the main source of 16th English sonneteers, the topic of this article, is the works of Petrarch (1304-1374). Later, his manners and dictions of writing sonnets was called “petrarchism”.
Here in this paper, I planned to compile the essays I have been written during my 35 years in Nodai. But since half of them were published in 2010 as a book Petorarukizumu no Arika (Where is petrarchism in Elizabethan Sonnets?), here I put only six papers not in the book. The poets discussed here are : Thomas Lodge (1558-1625), Giles Fletcher (1546-1611), the poet of Zepheria (anonymous), William Percy (1575-1648), Sir John Davies (1569-1626), Richard Barnfield (1574-1627).E1P綜説Revie
Seed Germination Traits of a Vulnerable Species, Silene kiusiana (Makino) H. Ohashi et H. Nakai
Get PDF絶滅に瀕しているオグラセンノウSilene kiusiana （Makino） H. Ohashi et H. Nakai は半自然草原に生育する大陸系遺存植物である。本研究ではオグラセンノウの種子発芽特性を明らかにした。低温湿層処理（無処理，15日，30日）を行った種子を用いた段階温度法による種子発芽試験の結果，温度下降系は温度上昇系と比較して低い発芽率を示した。このことから本種の種子は短期間の高温環境下で二次休眠が誘導されたと考えられる。異なる光条件（暗黒区，光量子束密度30，60，150 µmol m－2 s－1）の発芽試験において，本種は光発芽性を持たないことが明らかになった。また生育地の種子結実・散布期の温度環境29/14℃（オグラセンノウの生育地8・9月期の最高・最低平均気温）の変温条件と変温条件の平均温度21.5℃の恒温条件の発芽試験の結果，本種の種子は変温要求性をもつと考えられる。このことから本種の種子は地表面付近においては結実後の当年に発芽できると考えられる。本種の種子寿命は不明であるが埋土された種子は永続的埋土種子集団を形成すると考えられる。Silene kiusiana (Makino) H. Ohashi et H. Nakai (Caryophyllaceae), a threatened species, is a persistent continental plant in semi-natural grasslands. The purpose of this study was to determine seed germination traits of S. kiusiana. Germination tests based on gradually increasing (IT) and decreasing (DT) the temperatures of seeds treated by cold stratification for different periods (no treatment, 15-days, 30-days) indicated that an IT regime had a higher germination rate than a DT regime. The findings inferred that high temperatures for short periods of time induced secondary dormancy in the seeds of this species. Germination tests under different light conditions (darkness, PPFD : 30, 60, 150 µmol m－2 s－1) revealed that germination of the seeds of S. kiusiana showed no response. Seeds germinated at alternating temperatures of both 29 and 14℃ which is the average of the highest and lowest temperatures during August and September during the fruiting season at the growing site, but did not germinate when subjected to a constant temperatures of 21.5℃ (median of the highest and lowest temperatures). The findings suggest that the seeds germinate on the ground surface in the year after seed set. The seed longevity of this species is unknown, but its buried seeds contribute to a persistent seed bank.E4P論文Articl
Effects of Biochar on Growth, Response to Water Stress, and Post-Stress Recovery in Underutilized Vegetable Hibiscus sabdariffa from Malawi
Get PDFGlobally, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), commonly known as roselle or hibiscus, is a multipurpose vegetable crop. In Malawi, where it is referred to as ‘Chidede’ (Chichewa), it is recognized as an underutilized traditional plant with significant potential. Traditional vegetable production in Malawi is being promoted to enhance nutritional food security and climate change mitigation. Recently, biochar has become increasingly used to improve agricultural productivity through climate-smart technologies. To date, the influence of rice husk biochar (RHB) on H. sabdariffa remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effects of RHB on the vegetative growth, response to water stress, and post-stress recovery of H. sabdariffa using a greenhouse pot experiment. Our findings indicate that biochar-amended soil enhanced plant height, stem thickness, and total leaf area by 16.5%, 12.0%, and 12.9%, respectively. Water stress significantly reduced all assessed growth parameters (p < 0.05) except total leaf area and average leaf area per plant. Under water stress conditions, biochar-treated plants were significantly taller (p < 0.05) and had a higher specific leaf area (p < 0.05), demonstrating a positive effect. A post-stress recovery analysis revealed that H. sabdariffa fully recovered in height and biomass, while partial recovery was observed for root collar diameter and compensatory recovery for total leaf area and average leaf area. Biochar-treated plants exhibited superior post-stress recovery compared to those grown in unamended soil. Overall, plants grown with biochar were taller and had a larger root collar diameter, higher stem and leaf fresh biomass, and greater total leaf area. These findings underscore biochar’s potential as a sustainable soil amendment for enhancing growth and resilience in underutilized crops. Further studies should explore field experiments to access environmental heterogeneity and examine the diverse factors influencing biochar efficiency
Characterizing an amidase and its operon from actinomycete bacteria responsible for paraben catabolism
Get PDFヒドラジド人工化合物を唯一の炭素源として生育可能なMicrobacterium hydrocarbonoxydansがもつ、ヒドラジド分解酵素の天然基質がパラベンであるという可能性を確認した。酵素活性測定、遺伝子発現誘導、炭素源としての生育を確認した。また、放線菌のPseudonocardia acaciaeからホモログ酵素をクローニングし、同様にパラベン分解活性を確認した。これらから、パラベン資化能が放線菌に広く存在する可能性が示唆された
Production and antibacterial activity of fish sauce from mature chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
Get PDF生分解性プラスチックが湛水条件下の温室効果ガス放出と水稲生育に及ぼす影響
Get PDFBiodegradable plastics applied to soil stimulate the production of greenhouse gases and inhibit plant growth under aerobic conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of biodegradable plastics on paddy rice growth and greenhouse gas emission under flooding conditions in pot experiments and also on greenhouse gas production under flooding conditions in an incubation experiment. Two series of pot experiments were conducted with rice (Oryza sativa). First series as immediate flooded and 2nd series as 2 weeks nonflooding before flooded, and both kept flooded until harvest. The following four kinds of materials were added to the sandy paddy soil, 1) nonwoven fabric sheets made of polylactic acid and polybutylene-succinate, 2) laminate sheets made of polybutylene adipate terephthalate and pulp, 3) cellulose filter paper, and 4) rice straw. Only soil was used as control. Methane (CH4) emission, measured by chamber method followed by gas chromatography, was significantly larger only in the cellulose treatment than the laminate treatment in the immediate flooded series, indicating that biodegradable plastics had no significant impact on CH4 emission from paddy rice soil. Rice growth and yield did not show significant difference among treatments in both series. Incubation experiment showed the largest CH4 production in cellulose-amended soil, followed by straw-amended and laminate amended soils, and least in fabric-amended soil, while CO2 did not show significant differences among treatments. We need further examination with different biodegradable plastics for a longer period that test used in this study.生分解性プラスチックが湛水条件下の温室効果ガス放出と水稲生育に及ぼす影響を調べた。
生分解性プラスチックは畑土壌で温室効果ガス放出を加速化しコマツナ生育を阻害することが先行研究で認められていたが、本研究では畑に隣接する水田から採取した土壌に同種の生分解性プラスチックを添加し、ポット試験で水稲を栽培して、温室効果ガス、メタンの放出と水稲生育に及ぼす影響を調べた結果、
・2種類の生分解性プラスチックの添加は無添加と比較してメタン放出に影響はなかった。
・水稲生育や収量にも影響を及ぼさないことが示された。
・プラスチック添加後、直ちに湛水しても2週間畑状態後に湛水しても結果は変わらなかった
Flavor assessment of a lactic fermented vinegar described in Japanese books from the Edo period (1603–1867)
Get PDFIdentification of Food-derived Bioactive Components with Physiological Effects
Get PDFFood-derived components with physiological effects have been attracting attention in recent years, and studies have comprehensively analyzed these components. In this study, we sought to identify food components with functional properties for the prevention and improvement of metabolic syndrome. We performed a luciferase reporter assay using fatty acid synthase (FAS) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL) receptor gene promoters. Naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane impaired FAS promoter activity and reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) target gene expression in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Sulforaphane reduced SREBP proteins by promoting the degradation of the SREBP precursor. Furthermore, we screened LDL receptor promoter effectors and observed that extract from sweet cherry peduncles induces LDL receptor gene promoter activity. Several analytical and chemical methods revealed that chrysin 7O-β-D-glucopyranoside in cherry peduncle extract stimulated LDL receptor gene promoter activity. Thus, this comprehensive search for components that alter the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism led to the discovery of new functions of food components