Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
Not a member yet
1196 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of a Desire for Slenderness among Mothers on the Health of their Daughters
Get PDF若年女性とその母親を対象とし,母親の痩身志向が次世代の健康に与える影響について,意識調査と発育記録をもとに検討した。対象者の在胎週数は39.3週,出産までの母体重の増加量は10.0kg, 新生児の出生体重は3,108gであった。低出生体重児は5名(6.0%)出現したが,指標として示したKaup指数をはじめ若年女性のBMIおよび体脂肪率に母親の痩身志向の有無による差は認められなかった。胎児の在胎週数は37.8週を超える正規産であるが,低出生体重児の在胎週数は3,000グラム以上の出生体重児と比較して有意に短かいことが認められた。しかし,母体重増加量は他の群と比べ最も増加していた。低出生体重児が成長した現在のBMIは,BMI区分では正常であるが,体脂肪率は30%を超える「隠れ肥満」であり,他の群と比べて有意に高かった。若年女性のやせが著しく増加し,妊娠した時点で低栄養状態にある母親が増えている。健康の一次予防の観点から,母体の健康および体重管理の重要性が示唆された。The effect of a desire for slenderness among mothers on the health of their daughters was investigated in these young women and their mothers based on awareness survey results, as well as child development records. Subject pairs had the following average characteristics : daughters were born at a gestational age of 39.3 weeks with a neonatal birth weight of 3,108g and mothers had gestational weight gain of 10.0kg up to delivery. Although a total of five daughters (6.0%) born as low birth weight infants were included, no differences were observed on indices including the Kaup index, BMI, and body fat percentage in daughters of mothers with and without a desire for slenderness. Gestational ages (weeks) in the group of low birth weight infant were an average of 37.8 weeks, and ages were significantly shorter in the group of less than 2,500g in body weight than the group of more than 3,000g. But gestational weight gain was greater in the group of low birth weight infants than the other groups. It appeared that emaciation of young women increases remarkably, and the lower nutrition state in mothers increases at the time that they become pregnant. Current percentage of body fat in the group of low birth weight infants was greater than the other groups, although BMI in the group of low birth weight infant were "common" in the BMI category. From the viewpoint of primary prevention of adult diseases, the importance of the nutrient balance and body weight control in gestation has been clarified.E7KJ00004919575論文Article
Vascular plants in the Atsugi campus of Tokyo University of Agriculture
Get PDF神奈川県厚木市に位置する東京農業大学厚木キャンパスにおける維管束植物相調査をおこなった。その結果,97科275属393種2亜種16変種4品種3雑種の418分類群を確認した。これらの植物のうち帰化植物は87分類群で全体の20.8%であった。稀少植物は環境省および神奈川県の絶滅危惧II類とされるキンランと神奈川県の絶滅危惧IB類とされるカタクリの2種であった。また里山の環境を代表する植物として,ツクバトリカブト,ニリンソウ,イチリンソウ,ムラサキケマン,タチツボスミレ,ツリガネニンジン,シラヤマギク,ノアザミ,ヒヨドリバナ,ジシバリ,コウヤボウキ,アキノキリンソウ,ヤクシソウ,ウバユリ,ヤマユリ,ナルコユリ,ギンラン,シュンランなどが確認された。Summary : The vascular plant flora in the Atsugi campus of Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa Prefecture, neighboring a major metropolitan area, was analyzed. Four hundred and eighteen taxa in 97 families, 257 genera, 393 species, 2 subspecies, 16 varieties, 4 forma and 3 hybrids were recognized. Of these, 87, or 20.8% of the flora, were naturalized plants. Erythronium japonicum (Liliaceae) and Cephalanthera falcata (Orchidaceae), which are threatened species, were recorded. Several plants characteristic of domestic woodlands (Satoyama), such as Aconitum tsukubense, Anemone flaccida, Anemone nikoensis, Corydalis incisa, Viola grypoceras, Adenophora triphylla, Campanula punctata, Aster scaber, Cirsium japonicum, Eupatorium chinense, Ixeris stolonifera, Pertya scandens, Solidago virgaurea, Youngia denticulata, Cardiocrinum cordatum, Lilium auratum, Polygonatum falcatum,Cephalanthera erecta and Cymbidium goeringii, are part of the flora.E6KJ00005352364論文Articl
On Katherine MANSFIELD : 'The Wind Blows' : In Comparison with Tatsuo HORI : Kaze Tachinu
Get PDFキャサリン・マンスフィールドの短編「風が吹く」は,形式のレベルにおいて,一人の少女の繊細な感情と対応する戸外の風を扱っている。彼女はある風の強い日に様々な感情-不安,苛立ち,孤独,反抗,憧れ,共感など-を経験し,彼女の感情の一つ一つが自然現象である戸外の風と密接に係わっている。素材のレベルから見ると,作品の内容はマンスフィールドの祖国ニュージーランドの思い出である。彼女は19歳で祖国を後にし,二度と戻ることはなかった。しかしながら,彼女はニュージーランドでの幸せな生活を決して忘れなかった。彼女の弟が1915年ロンドンに訪ねて来た時,この姉弟は幸せな子供時代の思い出を語り合い,彼女は当然のように,思い出の日々を書くことを自分の使命と感じた。そしてこの作品は,絵画性や音楽性を特徴とするが,透明性をも示している。「風が吹く」を堀辰雄の『風立ちぬ』と比べると,両者に共通点が多いことがわかる。前者におけるように,後者でも戸外の風が主要登場人物の繊細な感情と呼応して描かれている。そして『風立ちぬ』では,風が作品の起承転結に沿って扱われている。これら二つの作品を風や他の背景を通して読む時,私はその中心的テーマが,叡智に基づく諦観であるということに気付く。Katherine MANSFIELD's 'The Wind Blows' is a short story, whose subject on the form level is based upon the winds blowing outside, corresponding with a little girl's delicate feelings. She experiences various feelings throughout a certain windy day-a feeling of uneasiness, irritation, desolation, disobedience, yearning, sympathy and the like. Each of her sensations is closely related to the outside winds as the natural phenomena. The substances of the story on the material level come from the memories of MANSFIELD's native country, New Zealand. She left her homeland at the age of nineteen and did not go back there again. And yet she never forgot her happy life in New Zealand. When her brother visited her in London in 1915, they enjoyed the memories of their happy childhood, and naturally she found it her duty to write about those distant days. And the story which features picturesque phases and musical elements also shows an aspect of transparency. Comparing 'The Wind Blows' with Tatsuo HORI's Kaze Tachinu (The Wind Has Risen), we see these stories have much in common. Not only in the former, but in the latter, the winds blowing outside are depicted in correspondence with the main character's delicate feelings. And the winds in Kaze Tachinu underlie the logical development of the story-the part of introduction, that of development, that of turn, that of conclusion, and the epilogue. In closely reading these two short stories through the winds as well as other backgrounds, I come to recognize the central theme of these stories-a kind of contemplation of wisdom.E6KJ00005407359論文Articl
The Verification of the Introduction and Spread of 'Sho-chu' as Japanese Traditional Spirits to Japan and its Technological Development in Japan
Get PDF今日,わが国に於いて焼酎は一大発展を遂げ,今やその消費量や生産量は日本酒を大きく引き離している。ところがこの焼酎は,一体どこから渡来してきたのかは明らかになっていない。大陸説,中国説,南方南洋説などさまざま論じられているが,今から400年以上も前のことであるので正しい検証はされていない。つまり日本の焼酎の歴史の原点部は今もって明らかにされていないのである。そこで筆者は中国,そして東南アジアの諸国を20年近く調査してきて,そのルーツが中国雲南省に在り,それがメコン川を通して南方に渡り,シャム(今のタイ国)から琉球を経て薩摩に来たことを,多くの文献や,現地での証拠写真などから検証し,証明した。そしてその焼酎が日本に入ってきてから,今度はこの国独自の知恵や発想によってさらに技術的発展を遂げ今日に至ったことを論じる。The traditional Japanese spirit, known as 'Sho-chu' is one of the popular alcoholic beverages in Japan. The consumption and production of 'Sho-chu' has been used more than that of Sake as Japanese rice wine. However, it is unclear how 'Sho-chu' was introduced to Japan. Until now, scholars have proposed many theories on the introduction of this spirit to Japan whether it be from the Eurasian Continent, China or the South Sea islands. The theories of what occurred 400 years ago have not been verified with certainty. Namely, the historical origin of Sho-chu in Japan has not yet been identified.Therefore, the author who has been researching food culture in China and many counties in Asia for more than 20 years, has verified and proven the origins of Sho-chu through literature and photographs. It is found that the origin of Shou-chu as a traditional spirits was in Yunnan, China and the techniques were introduced to south Asia from Yunnan through the Mekong River and that Satsuma (Kagoshima) was introduced in Japan via Ryukyu (Okinawa) from Siam (Thailand) in south Asia. It is reported in this paper that Sho-chu further developed through Japanese wisdom and technological methods.E1KJ00006055379綜説Revie
Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms of Alien Hedgehogs in Ito and Odawara, Japan
Get PDF本研究はミトコンドリアDNA(mtDNA)の塩基多型情報から伊東市と小田原市に生息するハリネズミの種を同定することを目的とした。両地域のハリネズミに加え,韓国産マンシュウハリネズミErinaceus amurensisのmtDNA D-loop領域前半450bpの塩基配列を決定し,既報のナミハリネズミE. europaeusおよびヒトイロハリネズミE. concolorの配列を加えて解析を行なった。その結果,伊東市および小田原市のハリネズミではそれぞれ1つのハプロタイプしか認められなかった。一方,韓国産ハリネズミは4個体で4つのハプロタイプが認められた。このことからも現在日本に定着しているハリネズミの遺伝的多様性は低く,また,両地域の個体群が異なる導入経路を持つ可能性も示唆された。系統樹において,伊東市および小田原市のハリネズミは韓国産E. amurensisとクラスターを形成し,E. europaeusおよびE. concolorからは高いブートストラップ確率にて明確に区別された。また,伊東・小田原-E. amurensis間の遺伝的差異は他の2種における種内変異レベルの遺伝的差異よりも小さかった。よって伊東市および小田原市のハリネズミはE. amurensisであることが明らかとなった。This study analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of hedgehogs in Ito and Odawara to evaluate their genetic variation and taxonomic status. In addition, D-loop sequences of the Korean hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis as well as the reported sequences of the two European hedgehog species E. europaeus and E. concolor were investigated. Both populations from Ito and Odawara showed only one haplotype each with a difference of three substitutions and one indel of 450bp between them. In contrast, four haplotypes were observed in four samples obtained from different regions of Korea. It is suggested that the genetic diversity of the hedgehog in Ito and Odawara were low but they have independent introduction routes. In the phylogenetic tree of genus Erinaceus, specimens from Ito and Odawara were clustered with the Korean hedgehog and were separated from the two European species with a high bootstrap value. Genetic variation between the Ito-Odawara species and E. amurensis was less than observed in `inter' species of other two species. These results suggest that hedgehogs found in Ito and Odawara are actually E. amurensis.E9KJ00006504919論文Articl
Beatrix Potter's World
Get PDFヴィクトリア時代の上層中流階級の子どもとして育ったビアトリクス・ポターは,家庭教師がその教育を受け持ち,学校に行かなかった為,同年代の友達もいない生活であった。その様な寂しい暮らしの中で,絵を描き,小動物と触れ合い,ロンドン郊外の祖父母の家や,家族で行く避暑地の自然に心惹かれ,後に動物が主人公のファンタジーを生み出すこととなる。独立心旺盛なピーター・ラビット等,数々の動物を童話の主人公として描き出した。ピーターには,制限された実生活で彼女が成し得なかったことを託したものと思われる。ポターの絵は,博物学者の正確な観察力を見せ,動物達があたかも人間模様を描くかの様な文章と補い合って,珠玉の名品を生み出した。1890年にポターは,ウサギを描いた自分の絵を出版社に売ることに成功し,自信を得て,童話を出版することを思い付いた。その後,次々成功する出版の利益は,彼女が愛した湖水地方の土地を買うことに充てられ,ナショナル・トラスト運動の創始者の一人,ハードウィック・ローンズリーの影響もあり,自然保護運動の協力者として大いに貢献した。47歳で結婚してからは,作家活動から遠のき,羊を育てながら,農民として暮らした。動物や周囲の自然を描く作家としての生涯を経て,彼女は,農民として,自然保護者として生きる理想を実現した。Beatrix POTTER grew up as a child of an upper middle class family in the Victorian age. She was taught by governesses, so she did not attend any schools where she could have made friends of about the same age. In such a lonely childhood, she passed her days in drawing pictures, and she found her joy in keeping small animals and in visiting the summer resorts with her family as well as her grandparents' house in the London suburbs. The interests and the summer resort life encouraged her to write the stories of animal fantasy. She created many characters, such as Peter Rabbit, who tries to be independent of his family. Beatrix seems to have had Peter do what she could not do in her real confined life. POTTER's pictures show her accurate observation as a naturalist, and her stories have the animals acting like human beings. These two elements, her pictures and stories, work to complement each other and make her masterpieces. In 1890 POTTER succeeded to sell her pictures of rabbits to a publisher. She felt confident of herself and thought of issuing her storybooks. She could earn money from the publication and spent part of the money to buy land in the Lake District, her favorite place. Being influenced by Hardwicke RAWNSLEY, one of the founders of The National Trust, she contributed to the campaign for conservation of nature. After she got married at 47 years old, she retired from writing stories and lived as a farmer, breeding sheep. Through her life as a writer depicting animals and the surrounding nature, she realized the ideals of her life in living as a farmer and a conserver of nature. She enjoyed nature, and wrote stories about it, and tried to conserve it. This was Beatrix POTTER's life.E10KJ00006504940論文Articl
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Shamo and Its Related Breeds of Japanese Native Chicken based on Microsatellite DNA Polymorphisms
Get PDF軍鶏は多くの日本鶏品種の作出に広く用いられてきたが,それら軍鶏およびその近縁品種間の遺伝的類縁関係や品種内に生じた遺伝的差異については現在でも不明な点が多い。そこで本研究はマイクロサテライトDNA多型情報を用いて軍鶏およびその近縁品種につき分析を行なった。供試鶏として6品種9集団122羽を用い,マイクロサテライト28座位の分析を行なった。その結果,交雑により作出された品種であっても,選抜や品種を維持する過程で遺伝的多様性が低下したと考えられる品種も認められた。特に声良は12座位で多型が認められず,もっとも低い遺伝的多様性を示した。品種間の遺伝的類縁関係は書誌学的,形態学的研究にもとづく説をおおむね支持するものであった。品種間の遺伝的分化の程度は高かった一方,同一品種の別地域集団は系統樹においてクラスターを形成した。軍鶏,薩摩鶏,矮鶏において,品種内に生じた遺伝的差異の程度は異なるものであった。軍鶏は地域集団間で明確な遺伝的差異が認められた一方,矮鶏は地域集団間や内種間で明確な差異は認められなかった。薩摩鶏は地域集団間で差異が認められ,さらに内種によっても遺伝的差異が生じていた。本研究結果より,軍鶏およびその近縁品種間の遺伝的類縁関係は従来説をおおむね支持する一方,品種内に生じる遺伝的差異は品種の維持形態やそれを取り巻く人側の要因により,程度や分集団の単位が異なることが明らかとなった。Shamo is a breed of Japanese native chicken that has been used to establish various modern Japanese native breeds. However, genetic relationships among the breeds derived from the Shamo and their genetic population structure is unclear. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationship among Shamo and its related breeds. A total of 122 individuals of six breeds (nine populations), Shamo, Ko-Shamo, Hinai-dori, Koeyoshi, Satsuma-dori, and Chabo, were used for the analyses of the 28 loci recommended by ISAG/FAO. In the results, low genetic diversity was observed even in the breeds established by crossbreeding, because of artificial selection and maintenance of these breeds. In particular, the Koeyoshi, which had 12 monomorphic loci, demonstrated the lowest diversity amongst the six breeds. Genetic relationships of these populations were supported by the established theories of their genetic histories. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, local populations of the same breeds were located in the same cluster. However, the star-like topology of the DA tree showed a high and significant genetic differentiation in each population with the exception of two local populations of the Chabo. The degree of genetic differentiation was estimated from local populations of Shamo, Satsuma-dori, and Chabo. A high and significant genetic differentiation was observed in two local populations of the Shamo. In addition, in the Chabo, no genetic differentiation was observed, not only between local populations but also amongst plumage variations. In the Satsuma-dori, differentiations were observed among local populations and plumage variation. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the degree of genetic differentiation and the unit of population segmentation were influenced by the manner in which the breeds are managed and human factors.E1KJ00006637539論文Articl
Association Analysis between Behavioral Trait 'Obedience' and SNPs in the Canine MC2R Gene Polymorphic Region
Get PDF本研究ではイヌのメラノコルチン2受容体(MC2R)遺伝子に存在する一塩基多型(SNPs ; 600G>C, 858G>A)と,「訓練能スコア」との関連性をゴールデンレトリーバー,ラブラドールレトリーバー,ミニチュアシュナウザー,マルチーズ,柴の5犬種,計77個体のゲノムDNAを用いて調査した。77個体のゲノムDNAについて遺伝子型判別を行った結果,ラブラドールレトリーバー,マルチーズ,柴の3犬種において600G>Cの遺伝子型およびアレル頻度に犬種差が認められた。また,600G>C多型によって判別される遺伝子型と訓練能スコアとの間に有意な関連が認められた。The relationships between behavioral trait data 'obedience score' and the genotype of two polymorphisms (600G>C and 858G>A) in the melanocortin 2 receptor gene (MC2R) were analyzed in 77 dogs of Golden retriever, Labrador retriever, Maltese, Miniature schnauzer and Shiba Inu breeds. From the genotyping of the polymorphism among the 77 dogs, we found inter-breed variations of genotype and of allelic frequency for 600G>C polymorphic region among Labrador retriever, Maltese, and Shiba Inu breeds. Furthermore, a statistical analysis revealed that genotype of 600G>C (G/G, G/C, C/C) was significantly associated with' obedience score'.E2KJ00006923120論文Articl
Efficient Capture Methods for the Japanese Water Shrew Chimarrogale platycephala
Get PDF野外調査の難しい種である半水生のカワネズミChimarrogale platycephalaにおける生息確認調査の効率を向上させることを目的として,捕獲個体の死亡率を低減するためのワナ改良をおこなった。同時に調査に適した季節および適切なワナ設置間隔を検討した。従来型カゴワナを24時間ごとに見回ると捕獲個体は全て死亡し,2時間毎に見回っても毛皮の水濡れが防げなかった。ホースで退避室を接続したカゴワナでは24時間毎の見回りでも64%の生存率が得られたが,ワナから脱出しようとして負傷する個体があった。さらに見回り時間を6時間毎にすると生存率は100%になり,捕獲個体の水濡れおよび負傷が防げた。本種は春～秋のどの季節にも調査が可能であり,その捕獲率は平均2.1%であった。ワナ列長1,000m以下の調査をおこなったところ,およそ470mあたり1頭の割合で捕獲された。ワナ設置間隔を100m以下に縮めても捕獲効率に差がなかったことから,ワナは100m程度の長い間隔で設置することが効率的であると考えられた。本種が捕獲された地点においては遅くとも調査4日目以内に捕獲があったことから,生息の有無を判断するためには連続4日間以上の調査が必要であることが示された。Capture survey methods of the Japanese water shrew Chimarrogale platycephala have not been standardized and the work is laborious. To reduce mortalities of the water shrew during survey, we improved the structure of the trap. To improve the survey efficiency, we tried to identify appropriate survey seasons, places for trapping as well as distances between traps. All animals in the traps were found dead when we used conventional cage traps and inspected them at the interval of 24 hours. When we reduced inspection intervals to 2 hours, mortalities did not take place but the bodies of captured animals often got soaked. When we attached shelter chambers to the conventional traps and inspected them at 24 hour interval, survival rate was improved to 63.9%. The rate reached 100% under 6 hours inspection interval, and the animals were found in dry conditions without any injures. The survey work could be done at any time during spring and autumn. The annual capture rates averaged at 2.1%. The animals were captured at the rate of an individual per approximately 470m trap-line length. Bringing trap distances shorter than 100m was not effective in improving capture efficiencies. The first capture at each of the trapping sites took place within 4 days after starting the survey. For faunal studies of the water shrew, it is thus recommended to continue survey for at least four consecutive days, place traps at the interval of 100m, and use an improved-type cage trap that has a shelter room and food in it.E5KJ00006923123論文Articl
Investigation about Pleasure and Quality in Caring for Animals Kept in Schools
Get PDF学校教育における動物飼育に対する肯定的な記憶と飼育の質との関係について検討すべく,動物関係科目を受講する大学生を対象に,小学校から高等学校までにおける飼育動物の飼育経験に関する意識調査を行った。調査から,学校で飼育されている動物の種類は主にウサギ(78%)とニワトリ(77%)で,ほぼ同じ割合の飼育率であった。76%の学生が高等学校までの学校で飼育経験を持っており,そのうち92%は飼育が楽しいと回答したが,これは担当教員の熱意と関連性が認められなかった。飼育の質を日誌の作成,餌の計量および動物の名づけに限定して調査したとこと,58%で日誌が作成されておらず,60%で給餌の際に餌が計量されていなかった。また,担当教員の熱意により,餌の計量の有無に差異が認められた。76%で飼育動物に名前がつけられており,そのうちこれら動物の名前を覚えた学生は62%であった。以上のことから,飼育は飼育状況にかかわらず楽しいということが明らかとなり,日誌の作成と餌の計量は学校教育における動物飼育の質を知る指標の一つになると考えられた。In order to investigate the quality of animal management and positive emotion about caring for the animals kept in schools before entering university, we interviewed undergraduate students of Tokyo University of Agriculture about the basic quality of management in caring for the animals, which was defined as naming the animals, measurement of animal-food volume and making an animal care journal to monitor animal management, by using a questionnaire. The results are as follows ; 1) the major animals kept in schools were rabbits (78%) and birds (77%) ; 2) 76% of the subjects had the experience of caring for the animals, and most of them showed pleasure in caring for the animals, although the pleasure was not related to the teacher's enthusiasm ; 3) 58% of the experienced-subjects did not make an animal care journal, and 60% of them did not measure the volume of animal-foods, while the measurement of animal-food volume performed by enthusiastic teachers group was significantly higher than that of non-enthusiastic teachers group ; 4) 76% of the subjects had named the animals and 62% among them actually remembered their names. In conclusion, these results showed that caring for animals kept in schools provided students with pleasure regardless of the quality of the animal management. It was suggested that making an animal care journal and measurement of animal-food volume might provide some benefits to improve the management of care for animals kept in schools.E6KJ00006923124短報Not