Revista Hypnos
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Persuasion and Coercion. On Aristotle’s Strategy in Defence of the Principle of Non-Contradiction in Metaphysics IV
Get PDFEn este trabajo examino la relación entre físicos y sofistas en Met. IV 3-6,como también las estrategias de que se sirve Aristóteles con el propósito de refutarlos: persuasión y coerción. En primer término, analizo la taxonomía de los adversarios del PNC, en la que reconozco tres momentos. Sugiero, luego, una distinción que Aristóteles tendría en mente entre una aporía genuina, real, y una aporía superflua.Sobre esta base, pretendo echar luz sobre el paso final de la taxonomía (Met. IV 6,1011a3-8), en que físicos y sofistas se aproximan uno al otro. A pesar de sus diferencias,ambos, según Aristóteles, plantean problemas que podrían resolverse fácilmente apelando a lo evidente. Finalmente, intento aclarar el tipo de estrategia propuesta en defensa del PNC apelando a algunas observaciones de Aristóteles a propósito de labúsqueda de la verdad en Met. II.In this paper I examine the relationship between the natural philosophers and the sophists in Met. IV 3-6, as well as Aristotle’s strategies for refuting them: persuasion and coercion. Firstly I analyze the taxonomy of the opponents of the PNC, where I consider three moments. Then I suggest a distinction that Aristotle seems tohave in mind between a genuine, real, aporia and a superfluous one. On this basis I try to illuminate the final step ot the taxonomy (Met. IV 6, 1011a3-8), where the natural philosophers and sophists are close to each other. Despite their differences, both, according to Aristotle, pose problems which could be solved easily by simply resorting to the obvious. Finally I try to clarify the kind of strategy proposed indefence of the PNC by appealing to some remarks on the search for truth in Met. II
Epicuro e o tema da amizade (II): a philía referida ao êthos legislador da pólis e ao agápê da virtude cristã
Get PDFThis article deals with the central theme of the ethical doctrine of Epicurus:friendship. It is analyzed here under two headings, complementary to each other,and containing the terms for what we now call the doctrine of law and the doctrineof virtue. In the former, the article questions the links between law, justice, andfriendship as conceived by Epicurus; in the latter, it questions how he managed toconceive friendship relations, using the Greek terms for philía, in ways that are veryclose to the so called golden rule of prudential Christian ethics.Este artigo se ocupa com o tema central da doutrina ética de Epicuro: oda amizade. Ele é aqui analisado sob dois aspectos entre si complementares, e quecontêm os termos do que hoje denominamos de doutrina do direito e doutrina davirtude. No primeiro, o artigo põe em questão os vínculos entre lei, justiça e amizadeconcebidos por Epicuro; no segundo, como, sob os termos gregos da philía, eleconcebeu as relações amistosas em termos bem próximos da chamada regra de ouroda ética prudencial cristã
Aristotelian Metaphysics of Pleasure
Get PDFAristóteles ofrece, en los libros VII y X de la Ética a Nicómaco, dos caracterizaciones del placer que, lejos de ser contradictorias, responden a dos enfoques distintos, y que permiten analizar el placer desde dos perspectivas diferentes: cómoson las actividades placenteras y qué es el placer en sí mismo considerado. En este artículo se pretende ahondar en la relación de placer y actividad y tratar de entendera qué categoría metafísica pertenece el placer, es decir, ¿cómo acompaña el placera la actividad perfecta?Aristotle offers in books VII and X of the Nicomachean Ethics two different treatments of pleasure that, far from being in contradiction, are different approaches, and they allow us to analyse the nature of pleasure in two ways: as to which metaphysical conditions have the pleasurable activities and as to what is pleasure considered just as pleasure. This article tries to explain the relation between pleasure and activity and to understand the metaphysical category of pleasure. How does pleasure accompany perfect activity
The Notion of Physis and Ergon in the Protrepticus of Aristotle
Get PDFEn el Protréptico, en el contexto de lo que parece ser una defensa de la filosofía, Aristóteles realiza un esbozo de lo que será su concepción antropológica. A los fines de desarrollar esta concepción, dos nociones parecen ser centrales enel discurso aristotélico: phýsis y érgon. Como consecuencia de esto, el objetivo del presente trabajo será indagar cómo se relaciona ambos nociones entre sí. La tesis que intentaremos poner a prueba es que para Aristóteles el cumplimiento de la naturaleza (phýsis) de una cosa se identifica con el ejercicio de su función (érgon) propia. Vistode este modo, las cosas alcanzan su plenitud cuando llevan a cabo su función de la mejor manera posible.In the Protrepticus, in the context of what appears to be a defense ofphilosophy, Aristotle gives an outline of what will come to be his conception of humanexistence. For the purposes of developing this concept, two notions seem to becentral to the Aristotelian discourse: phýsis and érgon. As a consequence, the objectiveof this article is to investigate how both notions relate to each other. The thesis we will try to test is that for Aristotle the fulfillment of the nature (phýsis) of a thing isidentified with the exercise of its own function (érgon). Seen this way, things reach their fullness when they perform their function in the best possible way
The Platonic Dialectic: Method or Knowledge?
Get PDFA lo largo de la obra de Platón la noción de dialéctica parece comportardiversos sentidos o aspectos. Así, cabe recordar su doble concepción como un método y como un saber riguroso, sistemático (????????) en la República. Sin duda, estasdos concepciones de la dialéctica son difíciles de integrar, como muestran las diferentesy opuestas interpretaciones del pensamiento de Platón ya desde la antigüedad(Arcesilao vs. Plotino), y también entre los platonistas contemporáneos. Se proponearrojar luz sobre esta cuestión analizando y discutiendo los textos más significativosde la República y sus distintas interpretaciones.Throughout Plato’s writings the notion of Dialectic appears to carry severalsenses or aspects. Thus, we can recall its dual conception as a method and as rigoroussystematic knowledge (?????? ?) in the Republic. There is no doubt these two sides of Dialectics are difficult to harmonize. This difficulty is clearly shown in the differentand opposed hermeneutics of Plato’s thought in antiquity (Arcesilaus vs. Plotinus)as well as in contemporary Platonic scholarship. The author intends to clarify this issue through an analysis and discussion of the main texts in the Republic, and of thevarious interpretations given to them
Vida nua e formas-de-vida: Giorgio Agamben, leitor das fontes greco-romanas
Get PDFThis article aims to demarcate the reading that the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben will make both of Aristotelian investigations - mainly the treatise Peri psykhês – and of the Roman sources for the development of the concepts of nuda vita (bare life) and forma-di-vita (form-of-life), exposing some of the aporiasinvolved in these readings.O presente artigo objetiva demarcar a leitura que o filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben fará tanto das pesquisas aristotélicas – principalmente o tratado Peris psykhês – quanto das fontes do direito romano arcaico para a elaboração dos conceitos de nuda vita (vida nua) e forma-di-vita (forma-de-vida), expondo algumas das aporias implicadas nestas leituras
Plato on divination in the Timaeus
Get PDFNo Timeu há uma intrigante passagem sobre a relação do fígado com o noûs durante o sono. Não há uma resposta clara do filósofo a respeito, mas indícios da ligação entre a alma mortal, a alma imortal e a alma cósmica. Parece certo haver um diálogo entre a Filosofia e a Medicina hipocrática neste caso, uma questão que pretendemos ampliar embora sem qualquer finalização, para provocar o debate sobre esse tema pouco discutido. Platão vê na relação noûs-fígado sinais a serem decifrados, enquanto Hipócrates reforça o aspecto de sua investigação na empeiría, embora dependendo, também, de sinais.We find in the Timaeus an intriguing passage about the relation between the liver and noûs during slumber. Plato offers no clear answer about the relation, but hints at the connection between the mortal soul, the immortal soul, and the cosmic soul. There seems certainly to be here a dialogue between Philosophy and Hippocratic medicine, and this issue we intend to address despite not reaching any decisive conclusion. Our aim is to stimulate debate on a subject that still requires further discussion. Plato sees in the association liver-noûs signs needing to be deciphered, whereas Hippocrates insists on the aspect of empería in his investigation, although he makes use of signs as well
Una explicación naturalista de los sueños: el fenómeno onírico en el pensamiento aristotélico
Get PDFIn this article the Aristotelian treatises De somno et vigila, De insomniis and De divinatione per somnum are read as a trilogy directed at discussing, from the point of view of physiology and psychology, the basis for the possibility that dreams could contain prophetic messages transmitted by the divinity. Aristotle emerges both as continuing in the medical and philosophical traditions that had devalued the premonitory virtue of dreams, and as innovating a strategy of providing a scientific foundation for the nature of oneiric phenomena.En este trabajo se aborda la lectura de los tratados aristotélicos De somno et vigilia, De insomniis y De divinatione per somnum como una trilogía destinada a la fundamentación, desde los puntos de vista fisiológico y psicológico, de que los sueños puedan contener mensajes proféticos enviados por la divinidad. Aristóteles aparece leído como un continuador de tradiciones médicas y filosóficas que ya habían devaluado el valor premonitorio de los sueños, y como un innovador en la estrategia de fundamentación científica de la naturaleza de los fenómenos oníricos