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Serum total Calcium to Magnesium ratio is higher in Sickle cell disease patients with proteinuria than without proteinuria
Full text link Intracellular imbalance in the levels of calcium to magnesium ratio could lead to clinical complications in Sickle cell disease patients (SCD). Proteinuria is common in SCD patients especially with increasing age and may affect the intracellular level of calcium to magnesium ratio. This study evaluates the total calcium to magnesium ratio in SCD patients with proteinuria and compared to those without proteinuria. Serum total calcium and magnesium were determined using colorimetric method, while urine protein was assayed using urinalysis dipstick and sulphosalicylic turbidometric method. Out of the 100 SCD patients, urine protein was detected and assayed in 27 while 73 were negative for urinary protein. Total calcium to magnesium ratio and urine protein were significantly higher (p<0.001), while magnesium (p<0.001) and calcium (p<0.01) were significantly lower in SCD patients with proteinuria compared to those without proteinuria. Total calcium to magnesium ratio correlated positively (r=0.38;p<0.05) with proteinuria in SCD patients. Total calcium to magnesium ratio is higher in SCD patients with proteinuria than without proteinuria. Routine calculation of this ratio could be helpful in assessing the intracellular balance of calcium and magnesium in the management of SCD patients
Prenatal development of yankasa sheep (Ovis aries) kidney: A histomorphometric study
Full text link A Histomorphometric study was conducted on the kidney of seventeen (17) fetuses of the Yankasa sheep (Ovis aries) collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of one month at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the fetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. Out of the seventeen (17) fetuses at different gestational age used for the study, 7 (48%) were females while 10 (52%) were males. 6(35%) fetuses belong to first trimester, 5(30%) belong to second trimester and 6(35%) belong to third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. The mean crown vertebrate-rump length (CVRL) ranged from 12.47 ± 1.80 cm at first trimester to 33.79 ±1.52 cm at third trimester. Histological observation shows that the kidney appeared to have two zones via cortex and medulla right from first to third trimester. The development of renal tissues were found to be in succession, from the stage of mesenchyme cells, developing glomerulus and finally to fully developed glomerulus with advancement of gestational age among the three groups. The duct system also followed the same trend of development from immature to matured duct system. The cortex of the first trimester kidney was found to have numerous mesenchymal cells and connective tissues with few developing glomerulus. At second trimester few fully developed glomerulus were found, moderate number of mesenchyme cells and immature developing duct system. Numerous developed glomerulus and matured duct system with moderate developing glomerulus and connective tissue were seen at third trimester.Â
Fetal differentiation of yankasa sheep (Ovis aries) kidney: A morphometric study
Full text link A morphometric study was conducted on the kidney of 17 fetuses of the Yankasa sheep (Ovis aries) collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of one month at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the fetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. Out of the seventeen (17) fetuses at different gestational age used for the study, 7 (48%) were females while 10 (52%) were males. 6(35%) fetuses belong to first trimester, 5(30%) belong to second trimester and 6(35%) belong to third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. The mean crown vertebrate-rump length (CVRL) ranged from 12.47 ± 1.80 cm at first trimester to 33.79 ±1.52 cm at third trimester. All kidneys were found to be irregularly elongated and reddish-brown in colour. Both kidneys are smooth externally and internally lobulated, in which the intensity of the lobulation increases with the advancement in gestation. The surface was covered with a thin fibro-muscular capsule. Both kidneys were located below the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae of each side, with the right one being more cranial in all stages of development. Adipose tissue was found at the hilus of each kidney in the third trimester fetuses. A distinct renal pelvis with a well developed ureter originating from the middle of the renal pelvis was found in all kidneys. Base on the above findings, the gross differentiation of the Yankasa sheep kidney is similar to that of ovine, bovine, equine, llama, and guanaco but differs from that of the feline, canine and porcine. Mean while, considering the morphological features observed in the study, the bovine kidney may become fully matured and functional at post-natal age
Proximate compostion of various shea nut kernels
Full text linkThe proximate analysis carried out on shea nut kernel samples obtained from Illo . Kwanga and, Kwere areas of Kebbi state revealed the following; Crude protein (g/100g)DM; 9.040.13ÂÂÂÂÂb, 10.000.18a and 10.2 0.40c respectively, Moisture Content(g/100g) FP; 6.67 2.89a, 8.33 2.89a and 6.33 3.21a respectively, Ash Content (g/100g) DM; 4.00 1.73a, 5.67 1.15a and 6.33 3.40a respectively. Crude Lipid content (g/100g) DM; 2.28 0.39a, 1.48 0.18bc and 2.10 0.07b respectively, Crude Fibre (g/100g)DM; 0.50 0.14a, 0.33 0.04a and 0.45 0.35a respectively. Total Carbohydrate (g/100g) DM; 77.644.26ab, 74.29 1.66c, 78.54 4.58a respectively. The results showed adequate nutrients for both nutrition and health benefits
Performance Evaluation of Some Potential Bionematicides on Leaf and Fruit Production of Capsicum annuum
Full text linkPlant-derived pesticides has become a mainstay in the control of pest, due to the fact that synthetic pesticides induce environmental degradation. The effective control of plant nematode has been found to improve the yield and economic value of farm produce. Certain growth parameters are visible in diseased plant, these in turn affects the final output of the produce. The performance evaluation of some bionematicides were investigated with five plants (Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina, Manihot esculenta, Carica papaya. and Citrus sinensis) using Capsicum plant in a two trial sessions, within exposure periods of 30, 60 and 90-days, at different concentrations (20, 30 and 40g). The growth parameters monitored were numbers of leave and fruit produced. Results showed that, compared to the control, all treatments similarly demonstrated significant improvement in leaf and fruit production, with much more improvement in the second trial (p < 0.05). Thus the applied treatment significantly (p < 0.05), induced varying degrees of nematotoxicity resulting to improved leaf and fruit production of Capsicum annum (Pepper plant. Based on the findings of this research, we therefore conclude that all treatments (i.e. tested plant), demonstrated significant improvements in the development of Capsicum plant and as such can be recommended as Bionematicide
Intuitionistic λ-Regular closed sets
Full text linkIn this paper,  the interrelations among intuitionistic open set, intuitionistic regular open set, intuitionistic β open set and intuitionistic semi open set are studied with the necessary counter examples. Also a new class of intuitionistic closed sets namely intuitionistic λ-closed set, intuitionitic l-regular closed set, intuitionistic λ-β closed set and intuitionistic λ-semi closed set are introduced in intuitionistic topological spaces and investigated their properties
Prenatal development of the lenticular papillae of one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius): histomorphological study
Full text linkA histomorphological study was conducted on the prenatal development of camel lenticular papillae using standard histomorphological methods. In the experiment, fifteen Camelus dromedarius foetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir at different gestational ages were used for the study. The fetuses were weighed and grouped according to their gestational ages which were estimated using their crown-vertebral-rump length. From the fifteen (15) samples used for the study, five (5) belongs to the first trimester, five (5) from the second trimester and five (5) belongs to the third trimester. A total of ten (10) foetuses were males and five (5) were females. Grossly, in all the stages of development, the tongues were observed to be elongated, with flat surfaces and rounded at the apices. At first trimester, the tongues were seen as smooth muscle mass, with almost uniform width and thickness throughout the length. They were uniformly pinkish, no pigmentation and no visual evidence of lingual papillae. At second trimester, the tongues were observed to have taken the normal shape of an adult tongue with variable size and shape of lingual papillae; tapering rostrally from the root to the apex. Biometrically, the weight of the foetuses were found to be 0.18±0.05 to 21.70±7.28kg from the first trimester to third trimester, the crown – vertebral – rump – length were found to be 15.75±4.42 to 94.00±2.83cm from the first trimester to the third trimester, weight of the head were found to be 25.05±15.17 to 1120.00±14.14g and weight of the tongues were found to be 0.79±0.22 to 116.25±11.49g from first trimester to third trimester of age. Histological observations showed that the lenticular papillae were generally lined with keratinised stratified (variable degree) squamous epithelium, which was composed by basal, spinosum, lucideum, granulosum and corneum layers. There was no evidence of seromucous glands in all the stages of development
Physicochemical Analysis and Soap production from Hexane Extract of Two Varieties of Sesame Seed (Sesamun indicum L.) Oil
Full text link Oil was extracted from two varieties of sesame seedin a soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane which yielded 40.83±0.02%and 41.67± 0.01% for white and brown sesame seeds respectively.Colour of the two oils were light brownand light yellow respectively. Quality characteristics from the physico-chemical analysis revealed the following; Acid values( mgKOH/g) of 0.03± 0.01and 0.32± 0.01, Iodine values(gI2/100g) of 129.8± 0.10and 112.8± 0.20, Saponification values of ( mgKOH/g)of 203.00±0.00 and 218.52± 0.01, Saponification values (mgKOH/g) of 203.00±0.00 and 218.52± 0.01, Peroxide values (meq H2O2)of 3.0± 0.01 and 1.57±0.02, Relative density (g/cm3) of 0.8183±0.00 and 0.6031±0.00, Refractive index of 1.4429±0.00 and 1.4112±0.00 respectively. Analysis of soaps produced showed colour of light cream and lighter cream , slight solubilityfor both,pH of 10.15 and 10.87, Foam height of 36cm3 and 20cm3 respectively. The quality characteristics of the oils and soaps produced indicated the potential of the two seed varieties for cosmetic utilization
Development of the EU Approach to Sustainable Biofuels after Directive 2009/28/EC
Full text linkThe most important tendencies in the development of the EU approach torenewable sources of energy, and sustainable biofuels in the transport sector after the introduction of the sustainability criteria in Directive 2009/28/EC are accounted for in this article
A STUDY OF SOME SERUM BIOCHEMICAL VALUES OF Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) FED GRADED LEVELS OF ENERGY DIETS IN NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA.
No full textStudy involving six weeks feeding trials was conducted at the college experimental farm, college of agriculture, Hassan Usman katsina polytechnic, katsina to determined the effect of different energy levels (2400kcal/kg and 2600kcal/kg) diets on the serum biochemical parameters of Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japanicum). Fifty (50) day old Quails chicks were procured and divided randomly into two treatment groups designated as T1 and T2. Each treatment was replicated three times with eight birds per replicate. Both treatments indicate no significances difference (P>0.05) in the biochemical parameters of quails. Both T1 and T2 showed an increase in the value of sodium and total protein and the values of urea, T bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and albumin were lower than the references values. Feed and water were given ad libitum daily. At the end of the trial period two birds were chosen randomly and blood sample were collected through the jugular vein. Two milliliters of blood was collected from the bird in sterile test tubes without anticoagulant and allowed to clot. The samples were processed and analyzed at Rahusa Medical Diagnostic laboratory katsina. From the result obtain in the study, it was deduced that different energy levels as included in these diets of Japanese Quails have no adverse effect on the serum biochemical parameters of the birds