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Sustainable Biomass Energy Management in Nigeria
Full text linkIn order to address energy security as part of a broader climate change management strategy, bioenergy can play an important role in climate change mitigation. This review is based on the need for sustainable forest operational linkages and critically assesses the relevant literature on sustainable biomass management in Nigeria, to generate knowledge, capabilities and opportunities for a more sustainable energy future. A better understanding of the role of biodiversity in sustainable development in relation to the maintenance of healthy agroecosytems, is emphasized.
This paper provides a common understanding on fuelwood management strategies for healthy agroecosystems in general. Overall, contributions of synergies to sustainable biomass management highlight the importance of integrated planning and implementation of targeted interventions. Securing indigenous and community forestlands tenure is a governance solution that can help achieve climate mitigation goals. A key issue is to integrate stakeholder involvement in the biomass energy value chain including alternative energy sources. Policy and scientific coherence within and across clean energy production in Nigeria is germane to climate change management that delivers on both the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement
Geoexchanger system for buildings heating and cooling
Full text linkGeothermal heat pumps (GSHPs), or direct expansion (DX) ground source heat pumps, are a highly efficient renewable energy technology, which uses the earth, groundwater or surface water as a heat source when operating in heating mode or as a heat sink when operating in a cooling mode. It is receiving increasing interest because of its potential to reduce primary energy consumption and thus reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs). The main concept of this technology is that it utilises the lower temperature of the ground (approximately <32°C), which remains relatively stable throughout the year, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water inside the building area. The main goal of this study is to stimulate the uptake of the GSHPs. Recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings has emphasised the utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study, however, is to examine the means of reduction of energy consumption in buildings, identify GSHPs as an environmental friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promote using GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and to present typical applications and recent advances of the DX GSHPs. The study highlighted the potential energy saving that could be achieved through the use of ground energy sources. It also focuses on the optimisation and improvement of the operation conditions of the heat cycle and performance of the DX GSHP. It is concluded that the direct expansion of the GSHP, combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors, is extendable to more comprehensive applications
Estimation of Semi-Empirical Mas Estimation of Semi-Empirical Mass Formula Coefficients
No full textUsing linear least squares method and by data of atomic mass, the present study calculates the coefficients of volume, surface, Coulomb, and asymmetry terms in semi-empirical formula. Our findings show that the mass of neutron and hydrogen can be estimated via developing this example. The results of the present calculations are also compared with those of similar previous studies
An analogical study of two mouth rinses on plaque and gingivitis among school children aged 12-15 years in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Full text linkContext and Background: Mechanical methods are known for prevention and control of periodontal diseases since long. It is important to consider these procedures too yet they are labor-intensive and difficult for many patients. Based upon this consideration and aiming to make dental plaque control more accessible to a significant proportion of population, less labor-intensive methods are highly desirable. Consequently, efforts have been made to utilize chemical agents in conjunction with or even instead of mechanical plaque control procedures and have been tested by incorporating them into mouthwashes.Methods: Using a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 subjects aged 12-15 years were grouped into 3 groups: CHX; CHX+NaF; and Placebo. In each one of the 3 groups, the subjects discontinued all oral hygiene measures and continued with the experimental set-up randomly assigned. Levels of gingivitis and plaque scores were assessed at baseline and at the end of 1and 3 months by using Silness and Loe Plaque Index and Loe and Silness Gingival Index.Results: The effectiveness of CHX+NaF mouth rinse is superior with regard to inhibition of plaque and gingivitis scores as compared to CHX alone. For CHX+NaF, mean reduction was 1.37854 whereas for CHX, it was 1.18486 for plaque score between baseline and 3 months. For gingivitis score, the mean reduction was 1.0516 for CHX+NaF whereas 1.0659 for CHX between baseline and 3 months.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine in combination with active ingredient Sodium Fluoride inhibit the plaque and gingivitis more effectively as compared to Chlorhexidine alone. This combination along with the well-established effect of fluoride in the prevention of caries is an important contribution to dental public health
Bioaccumulation of Chromium, Lead and Cadmium in the bones and tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias camerunensis from Ikoli creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria
No full text The discharge of wastes materials into the aquatic ecosystem could alter the physicochemistry of the water. This study evaluated the bioconcentration of heavy metals against two fresh water fish (i.e Clarias camerunensis and Oreochromis niloticus) from Ikoli Creek, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Samples were obtained from the creek between April and May 2012. The samples were analyzed using standard protocol. Results showed that in Clarias camerunensis, the concentration in bone and tissue are 0.028±0.001mg/kg and 0.018±0.000mg/kg respectively (cadmium), 0.625±0.004mg/kg and 0.218±0.006mg/kg (lead) and 7.776±0.006 mg/kg and 0.793±0.002mg/kg (chromium). While in Oreochromis niloticus the concentration in bone and tissue were 0.044±0.002mg/kg and 0.016±0.001mg/kg (cadmium), 0.525±0.001mg/kg and 0.486±0.006 mg/kg (lead) and 3.628±0.001mg/kg and 2.520±0.008mg/kg (chromium). The bioconcentration were in the order; cadmium<lead<chromium, which were highest in bones. The concentrations in this fishes were above the limit recommended by WHO. The high concentration of chromium in these heavy metals in the fishes suggests the occurrence in the Ikoli Creek
Evaluating the validity of Golden Proportion, RED (Recurring Aesthetic Dental) Proportion and Golden Percentage in Maharashtrian Population
Full text linkContext: A pleasing dental aesthetics is achieved by the maxillary anterior teeth. Restoring harmonious proportion between widths of maxillary anterior teeth is an important part of aesthetic dentistry. RED proportion and Golden Percentage are new guidelines introduced in this regards.Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of Golden Proportion, RED proportion and Golden Percentage in maxillary anterior teeth in Maharashtrian population.Methods and Material: Dentulous stone casts of maxillary arch were made of college students who met the inclusion criteriae. Total of 100 students representing Maharashtrian population were included. The width of the anterior teeth was measured using digital calliper.Statistical analysis used: The data obtained from all the above methods was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and statistically analyzed using SPSS statistical package(SPSS 18; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).Results: Golden Proportion and RED proportion failed to validate in Maharashtrian population and so were considered unfavourable methods to determine the width of upper anterior teeth.Conclusions: By adjusting the percentage Golden proportion theory could be applied to the Maharashtrian population for better aesthetics taking into consideration the ethnicity of the population
Health impact of high fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) and poor nutrition foods
Full text linkHealth impact of high fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) foods and drink. The evidence on the link between consumption of HFSS foods and increased risk and incidence of certain diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers as well as contributing to high levels of obesity both for children and adults. Poor nutrition has a significant impact on health. It affects noncommunicable diseases, such as obesity, dental caries, cardiovascular disease and some cancers, as well as immune status and recovery from infection and common deficiencies like anemia, children and young people are overweight or obese. The effects of poor nutrition on non-communicable diseases build up throughout the life course. Food habits and taste develop at an early age. Childhood nutrition is affected by a wide range of factors
Analysis of components in antimicrobial effective plant extract of Pongamia pinnata by Infra-Red Spectroscopy
Full text linkPlants have been used since olden times, to cure human beings of ailments caused by pathogenic micro-organisms. Pongamiapinnata seed extract was found antimicrobially effective against many of the tested pathogenic isolates. It was separated into two components by Thin Layer Chromatography. The aqueous seed extract and the two isolated components were analysed for their inherent ingredients by Infra-Red Spectroscopy. The active chemical groups were interpreted with the help of standard references. They could be responsible for the anti-microbial activity
Significance Test in Meta-Analysis Approach
Full text linkMeta-analysis, a statistical procedure that integrates the results of several independent studies, plays a central role in statistical research, and a very important task in research problems and statistical significance tests . This paper discusses these principles, along with the practical steps in performing meta-analysis.it describes the issue of    meta-analysis, explains what    meta-analysis is, how it is done and how it can be interpreted. Some related problems such as statistical significance, effect size and power analysis are described. Examples of implementation on theoretical data would be carried .Results , conclusions, recommendations on the use of    meta-analysis would be summarized
Microbiological quality assessment of suya sold in Yenagoa, metropolis, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study assessed the microbial quality of suya sold in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. Triplicate sample of suya were purchased from six communities in Yenagoa metropolis. Standard microbiological procedures were used for determining the microbial diversity and density. Results for the total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and total fungi ranged from 3.93 – 4.98, 2.94– 3.33 and 2.84 – 3.48 Log cfu/g, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there were no significance differences (P>0.05) among the suya sample vended in some location in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Six and four bacterial and mould isolates were identified and among them the highest and least occurrence frequenies were Staphylococcus aureus (28.1%) and Proteus species (9.3%) for bacteria and Aspergillus niger (39.7%) and Mucor species (11.8%) for mould respectively. Other bacterial isolates include Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas species and fungi isolates were Aspergillus flavus  and Penicillium species. The implication of microbial diversity and density on potential consumers of suya in Yenagoa metropolis were discussed