Tropical Health and Medical Research (E-Journal)
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Environmental Health Risk Assessment in Tabing Banda Gadang Subdistrict, Padang City
Get PDFSanitation problems in Indonesia still involve deviant social behavior, namely defecation habits anywhere. According to World Health Organization, around 2.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to proper sanitation facilities. Indonesia itself is ranked second after India, with a high number of people still defecating in the open; this is due to people's habits, which are very difficult to change because they have been inherited. The use of surface water sources, namely river water, with physical water quality that does not meet requirements, the absence of facilities for wastewater disposal, and the absence of household waste management can cause health hazards to the environment. The research aims to know the risky health environment in the sub-district Tabing Banda Gadang, Padang City. Study method This Quantitative nature descriptive analytic with approach Studies Evaluation Risk Health Environment is a participatory study to understand the condition of sanitation and hygiene facilities and community behaviors at the household scale, the results of data processing and analysis that can describe the determination of risk areas from each region to the village/sub-district level. The results of the study found that the risk areas were Water Sources with results of Not enough risk (value 28), Domestic Wastewater with Medium risk (value 68), Medium Risk Waste (value 51), high risk of waterlogging (value 58) and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is not enough risky (value 32) it can be concluded that the sanitation risk index of Tabing Banda Gadang Village is included in the Current Risk with a value of 237. Tabing Banda Gadang Village is at high risk of waterlogging, so it is recommended that the Village facilitate the construction of drainage by coordinating with the Department of Housing and Public Works to resolve the waterlogging problem
Salmonella sp Contamination on Chicken Eggs and Duck Eggs at the Antasari Traditional Market, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Get PDFChicken eggs and duck eggs can be a source of transmission of Salmonellosis. Salmonella bacteria can penetrate the eggshell, or the egg's contents can become directly contaminated with Salmonella in the reproductive organs before the shell covers the egg. This research aims to analyze Salmonella sp in chicken and duck eggs at the Antasari Traditional Market in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the criteria for cracked/broken eggs and intact eggs: 3 chicken eggs and three duck eggs from 6 traders so that the total sample was 24. For the identification of bacteria, microscopic tests and biochemical tests were used on the identification media. The results showed Salmonella sp in duck eggs and no Salmonella in chicken eggs. In all samples of chicken and duck eggs, 12.50% of Salmonella sp, 37.50% of Klebsiella sp, 12.50% of Proteus sp, and 37.50% of Pseudomonas sp were found. Suggestions for consumers are to pay more attention to the hygiene and sanitation of traders before buying eggs, choose clean eggs, store eggs in the refrigerator, and cook eggs until they are cooked
Antioxidant Activity and Marker Compound Levels of Cempedak Leaf (Artocarpus integer) Extract in Different Solvent Variations
Get PDFCempedak (Artocarpus integer) is known to contain phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants included in marker compounds that act as natural antioxidants because they have hydroxyl groups that can reduce free radicals. Plants containing phenolic compounds are known to have strong antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and levels of marker compounds from ethanol extracts of cempedak leaves in various solvent variations. Cempedak leaves were dried in an oven and then powdered. Cempedak leaf powder was extracted using methanol, 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol using the maceration method, and distilled water was extracted using the boiling method. The extract was tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method based on the IC50 value. Determination of marker compound levels using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with a gallic acid comparator using a UV-Vis spectrometer instrument. The total phenolic content determination test results were expressed as gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract (GAE/g extract). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed the IC50 value of the methanol extract was 84.48 ppm (strong), the distilled water extract was 54.74 ppm (strong), the 70% ethanol extract was 72.21 ppm (strong), and the 96% ethanol extract was 24.55 ppm (very strong). The results of the marker compound determination showed the total phenolic content of the methanol extract was 28.22% w/w, the distilled water extract was 22.59% w/w, the 70% ethanol extract was 29.55%, and the 96% ethanol extract was 31.14% w/w. It can be concluded that the cempedak leaf extract extracted with 96% ethanol has very strong antioxidant properties and the highest marker compound content among other solvents. For further analysis, 96% ethanol solvent can be used for the cempedak leaf extraction
Antibacterial Effectiveness of A Combination of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Strobilanthes crispus Blume Extract on Inhibition of the Growth of Streptococcus sp. Causes of Diabetic Ulcers
Get PDFDiabetic ulcers are open wounds on the skin surface due to macroangiopathy complications that become infected due to the entry of bacteria. Binahong and keji beling plants, can be used to treat diseases known as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of a combination of binahong (Anredera cordifolia Ten. Steenis) and keji beling (Strobilanthes crispus Blume) extracts against Streptococcus sp. bacteria that cause diabetic ulcers. Samples were extracted using 96% ethanol solvent and then diluted the extract with a concentration variation of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%—antibacterial test using disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). Data analysis was used for the One-way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test further test method, which had a significance level of 0.05. Determination of antibacterial effectiveness was done by comparing the diameter of the most effective inhibition zone with the control antibiotic Ceftriaxone 30 µg. The results showed that the mean diameter of the inhibition zone of 25% concentration was 7.10 mm, and the inhibition zone of 100% concentration was 9.20 mm with moderate inhibition response. Statistical One Way Anova test showed that the combination of extracts affected the growth of Streptococcus sp. The most effective Concentration is at 100% concentration of 9.20 mm and antibacterial effectiveness of 92% with positive control Ceftriaxone 30 µg at 10.00 mm. It can be concluded that the combination of binahong and keji beling extracts can inhibit Streptococcus sp. bacteria, but its potential is not yet effective compared to Ceftriaxone 30 µg antibiotic
Analysis of Urea Levels of Banjarmasin Ministry of Health Polytechnic Students Survivors of Covid 19
Get PDFCorona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Drug therapy for Covid-19 patients currently uses broad-spectrum antivirals such as Remdesivir, Favipiravir, and Oseltamivir, which have side effects of impaired kidney function with a marked increase in serum urea levels. The study aims to analyze the relationship between antiviral administration and serum urea levels of Covid-19 survivors with student respondents from the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The research method is an analytic survey with a case-control design. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method and obtained from 10 respondents who were confirmed positive for Covid-19 who consumed antivirals, ten respondents who were confirmed positive for Covid-19 did not consume antivirals, and ten respondents who were not confirmed positive for Covid-19. The Urea test method uses the Rayto Chemray 120 Clinical Analyzer. The results showed that the average urea level of respondents who confirmed positive for Covid-19 who consumed antivirals was 37.35 mg/dl, and respondents who confirmed positive for Covid-19 who did not consume antivirals was 30.70 mg/dl. Respondents who were not confirmed for Covid-19 19 are 30.97 mg/dl. The study's conclusion showed a relationship between the administration of antivirals and serum urea levels of Covid-19 survivors. Suggestions for further research are to use different parameters in assessing the kidney function of Covid 19 survivors, such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen
Antibiotic-Prescribed Infections in Patients Receiving Home Care Services
Get PDFIn our study, it was aimed to examine "antibiotic (AB) prescribed infections" (ABPI) in patients receiving home care service (HCS) in the last year. Patients receiving HCS from a tertiary hospital were evaluated (n=176). In addition to descriptive information such as demographics, devices used and chronic diseases, ABs prescribed to patients in the last year and infections that were the reason for their prescription were screened retrospectively. It was determined that 138 patients had been prescribed AB at least once. In total, 691 ABs were used in 550 prescriptions. It was observed that the most common ABPI was urinary tract infection (44.9%), and the most commonly prescribed AB was amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (n=123). Using assistive devices for breathing and lung disease increased the risk of lower respiratory tract infection, for which ABs were prescribed at least once. These predictive factors were feeding with a nasogastric catheter or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for upper respiratory tract infections and using a urinary catheter for urinary tract infections. Our study revealed the most common ABPI in patients receiving HCS and the factors predicting them. These findings will shed light on the planning and management of HCS
Confirmation of Soil-Transmitted-Helminths Infection Prevalence by Kato-Katz Kit Diagnostic in Elementary School Children in West Martapura River Banks, South Kalimantan Indonesia
Get PDFSoil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections are the most widespread neglected tropical diseases, primarily affecting morbidity in School Age Children (SAC). STH infection in SAC remains a public health problem in Martapura River Banks. Early and accurate STH detection is essential to determine an effective treatment for reducing morbidity. The Health Department recommends detecting STH infection by Kato Katz (KK) but in public health centers only by the direct method. This research objective is to confirm STH infection prevalence by Kato-Katz (KK) in elementary school children in West Martapura River Banks, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, against the direct method. The modified KK templates were developed from acrylic material. A total number of 253 children 7-12 years old in four West Martapura elementary schools were examined for STHs eggs using both microscopies modified KK against direct method by two trained laboratory technicians. STHs infection prevalence was 50 (19.76%), interpreted as low prevalence by direct and 78 (30.83%), moderate by KK. The concordance between both methods was significantly based on Cohen’s kappa (?=0.682). Even though the concordance of both methods was strong, the prevalence of STHs by modified KK was 30.08% higher than by Direct, which was only 20.33% positive. This study recommended using the KK for STHs diagnostic for prevalence measurement in low STHs infection
Predictors of Unintended Pregnancy and Sexual Reproductive Health Conditions in Survivors of Violence
Get PDFThe effect of violence on women's sexual reproductive health is of significant importance; this study aimed to study the association between gender-based violence with unintended pregnancy and common sexual reproductive health conditions. The size of the study sample was 102, who were survivors of violence. Direct interviews collected the data, and the researchers used a structured 30-question questionnaire. Results showed that early marriage was significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. The mean of unintended pregnancy for the marriage age group <=18 years was 1.79, which is higher than the mean of the>18 years marriage age group. The t-value is 2.616, and the significance value is 0.010, meaning there are statistically significant differences in unintended pregnancy in favour of the age group <=18 years. Results also indicated the prevalence of unmet needs for contraception in the study sample was 55% among survivors. 26% of women received inadequate antenatal visits primarily due to financial reasons, and almost half (47%) of births were delivered by the Cesarian section; the most popular method is IUD. In conclusion, gender-based violence is a consistent and strong risk factor for unintended pregnancy, especially in the child marriage age group, so it's necessary to overlook sexual reproductive health among survivors of violence as it might be threatened
Analysis of the Role of Family Support in Treatment Compliance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Clients
Get PDFPulmonary tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is very easily resistant to drugs, so treating it takes a long time. In the process of treatment, the role of the family is needed as the closest unit to the patient to supervise. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the part of family support and adherence to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis clients. The research design used was analytic descriptive research with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample in this study was 30 people, who were taken using the total sampling technique—data analysis using Chi-square on SPSS. The results showed that the role of a good family was 53.3% and less was 46.7%. The frequency of client compliance is 80% and 20% non-compliant. The results of the statistical test showed that the p-value was smaller than the ? value, which meant that there was a relationship between the role of family support and adherence to treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis clients in the working area of ??the Wara Public Health Center, Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The long process of treating pulmonary TB will result in boredom and boredom in patients. Therefore, the family has an important role in monitoring and increasing the motivation of pulmonary TB patients to remain consistent in the treatment process. As the frontline in disease prevention and rehabilitation, health workers must always be active in providing health education to the community, especially to families of pulmonary TB sufferers, about the importance of family support in the patient's treatment process
Effect of Black Garlic Extract in Feminine Liquid Soap as Antibacterial (Escherichia coli): Effect of Black Garlic Extract in Feminine Liquid Soap as Antibacterial (Escherichia coli)
No full textOne of the causes of infection is pathological vaginal discharge caused by Escherichia coli. Handling of this infectious disease is still limited to giving antibiotics. So, an alternative therapy is needed using herbs. Black garlic is a fermented product that has stronger antibacterial properties. Based on this, it is necessary to test the potential of liquid soap with black garlic extract as antibacterial as scientific evidence. Research Objectives: To analyze the effect of black garlic extract on women's liquid soap on the growth of Escherichia coli. This research is quantitative research with an experimental research design. In this study, the intervention given was giving black garlic extract in feminism hygiene liquid soap preparations with various doses for bacteria Escherichia coli with disc diffusion technique. Black garlic extract was tested for phytochemicals to determine the content of active compounds. The results showed that black garlic extract in feminine hygiene liquid soap inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria; at a concentration of 40%, black garlic had the highest antibacterial activity with an average inhibition zone of 12.7mm. Therefore, it is proven that black garlic extract is effective as an antibacterial Escherichia coli in the formulation of feminine hygiene liquid soap