Tropical Health and Medical Research (E-Journal)
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Determinants of Household COVID-19 Cases: The Role of Personal Hygiene, Environment, Individual Characteristics, and Mobility in Gading Village, Surabaya
No full textCOVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and attacks the human respiratory system. As of 2021, the virus has spread to 226 countries, including Indonesia. East Java Province has the fourth-highest number of cases in Indonesia, while Surabaya City has the highest number of cases in East Java. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Personal hygiene, environmental conditions, individual characteristics, and mobility with COVID-19 cases in households in Gading Village, Tambaksari District, Surabaya City. This study is an observational analytic study using a case-by-case approach. Cross-sectional. The study was conducted in Gading Village, Tambaksari District, Surabaya City, from September 2022 to December 2022. The sample consisted of 85 households selected through a simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and observations. The results were tested using the chi-squared and Fisher's Exact Test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that home ventilation (p=0.036) and residential density (p=0.04) had a significant relationship with COVID-19 cases in households. Meanwhile, no significant association was found with the incidence of COVID-19 in the variables of age (p=0.603), gender (p=0.405), comorbidities (p=0.924), handwashing behavior with soap (p=1.000), mask use (p=0.294), social distancing behavior (p=0.341), environmental cleanliness (p=0.414), and work/learning systems of household respondents (p=0.751). The conclusion shows that home ventilation factors and residential density have a significant relationship with cases of COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, efforts to prevent COVID-19 transmission in the household environment need to focus on improving home ventilation and reducing residential density. In addition, education regarding other risk factors is still necessary to increase public awareness in maintaining overall health and environmental cleanliness
Family Socioeconomic Factors as a Risk Factor for ARI Incidence in Toddlers in Pekauman Dalam Village, Banjar Regency, Indonesia
No full textAcute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, has the highest infant pneumonia mortality rate in the province, despite its lower prevalence. This situation necessitates a study of the risk factors contributing to the incidence of ARI, particularly from a family's socioeconomic perspective. This study aims to determine the relationship between the incidence of ARI in toddlers and family socioeconomic risk factors in Pekauman Dalam Village, Banjar Regency. This study used an analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 28 toddlers was selected using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires completed by the toddlers' mothers/caregivers. Data analysis was performed bivariately using simple binary logistic regression, with further analysis using the Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact Test on significant variables. The results of the study showed that among the 28 toddlers examined, six toddlers (21.4%) exhibited symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Statistical analysis revealed that, among all variables tested, only the toddler's age had a significant association with ARI incidence (p = 0.001; Fisher's Exact Test = 0.011). Toddlers aged ?1 year had a higher proportion of ARI cases than toddlers aged >1 year. Other variables such as family income, home ownership, residential density, cooking fuel, and maternal education did not show statistically significant relationships, although some had p-values approaching the significance threshold. Toddler age was the main risk factor influencing ARI cases in this study. Although most other socioeconomic factors were not statistically significant, these aspects are still important to consider in ARI prevention efforts. This study can form the basis for more targeted preventive interventions in areas with high socioeconomic vulnerability
Number of Breast Milk Bacteria in Women with Normal Labor and Caesarean Delivery During Room Temperature Storage
Get PDFThe presence of microbes in each breast milk sample can be different, one of which is influenced by the method of delivery. The research aimed to analyze the effect of storage time for breast milk from mothers giving birth normally and giving birth by Caesarean on the number of bacteria at room temperature. The independent variable in this study was the storage time for breast milk from mothers giving birth normally and giving birth by Caesarean for 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours at room temperature, while the dependent variable in this study was the number of bacteria in the breast milk. The research samples were breast milk from mothers who gave birth normally and Caesarean section which was treated with storage at room temperature for 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours. The results of the research were that the average number of bacteria in breast milk from mothers giving birth normally, stored at 0, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours respectively, was 1.33 x 104 CFU/ml; 2.18 x 104 CFU/ml; 5.04 x 106 CFU/ml; 1.68 x 107 CFU/ml. The average number of bacteria in breast milk from mothers giving birth by Caesarean storage 0, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours respectively 1.83 x 104 CFU/ml; 1.73 x 105 CFU/ml; 1.76 x 107 CFU/ml; 6.67 x 107 CFU/ml. There is a significant difference in the number of bacteria between breast milk from mothers who gave birth normally and breast milk from mothers who gave birth by Caesarean section. Storage time has a positive effect on the number of bacteria in breast milk from mothers giving birth normally and giving birth by Caesarean. It is recommended to store breast milk at room temperature for up to 4 hours for breast milk from women giving birth normally and for breast milk from mothers giving birth by Caesarean, storage for less than 4 hours by paying attention to the cleanliness of the breast milk storage area
Validation of Questionnaires and the Effect of Educational Videos on the Knowledge of Hyperlipidemia Patients at Banjarbaru Utara Primary Health Care
Get PDFHyperlipidemia patients have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Low patient knowledge causes therapy failure. Education can be provided to overcome this problem. No questionnaire instrument can measure the level of knowledge of hyperlipidemia patients. The level of knowledge of hyperlipidemia patients at Banjarbaru Utara Primary Health Care has never been studied. The research aimed to validate the questionnaire and determine the effect of educational videos on patient knowledge at the Banjarbaru Utara Primary Health Care, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. The research method used to validate the questionnaire was cross-sectional, while to determine the effect of educational videos on the patient's level of knowledge using a quasi-experimental method using One Group Pre – Post Design. The research was conducted in January – March 2024 at Banjarbaru Utara Primary Health Care. The study involved eight experts, 40 patients in questionnaire validation, and 100 patients to determine the effect of educational videos. The results of questionnaire content validation show that the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) value is in the range of 0.750 – 1.000, while the Content Validity Index (CVI) value is in the range of 0.875 – 1.000. The validity test with Person Correlation shows that ten out of 20 statements on the questionnaire are considered valid (>0.312). The Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.655, indicating the questionnaire is reliable. The patient's knowledge before being given the educational video had a score of 5.96 (scale 1 – 10), while after it, it had a score of 8.73. There was an increase in the level of knowledge, reaching 46.47%. The conclusion is that the Hyperlipidemia Knowledge Questionnaire (HKQ), which consists of 10 statements, is declared valid and reliable. Educational videos significantly influence (p-value 0.000) in increasing knowledge of hyperlipidemia patients
Decreasing the Number of Leukocytes as an Effect of Standard Therapy and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaves Extract Therapy
Get PDFThe postpartum period is a vulnerable period to infection due to low immunity. An increase in leukocytes characterizes the body's response to infection; several leukocytes close to normal values indicate that the infection period will end. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on the number of leukocyte cells in mothers with postpartum infections at Tarakan City General Hospital. The research used an Analytical survey with a sample of postpartum mothers who came to the Tarakan City General Hospital (April-August 2022). Criteria for Group 1 were mothers with postpartum infections and had not been given any therapy; Group 2 were healthy postpartum mothers; Group 3 were mothers with postpartum infections who were given standard therapy; Group 4 is mothers with postpartum infections who were given standard therapy and on the doctor's advice the day before they were given Karamunting leaf extract as additional therapy. The research results show that giving Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract with standard therapy reduces the number of leukocytes to close to normal values, so it can be concluded that it has an anti-inflammatory effect on mothers with postpartum infections. Further clinical trial research is needed with adequate samples and more uniform conditions for each sample
Foot Massage Influences Circulation Fluctuations in the Event of Chronic Failure Edema of the Foot
Get PDFChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an irreversible kidney condition. One of the clinical symptoms of CKD is leg edema, which, if left untreated, causes discomfort, immobility, risk of falling, and skin problems. Foot edema in CKD patients can be alleviated using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is foot massage. The study aimed to investigate the effect of foot massage on the circumference of leg edema in CKD patients. It used quantitative methodologies with a quasi-experimental design for one group pretest-posttest. The sampling method employed was purposive sampling. A sample of 18 persons was taken from the Hemodialysis unit of RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. The data collection strategy consisted of documenting the results of measuring the circumference of leg edema using Medline before and after the intervention, which was carried out for 20 minutes on both legs over three days. Data will be evaluated univariately and bivariately with the Paired Test to determine the effect of foot massage on leg edema. The study found that 72.2% of respondents were female, and the average circumference of left leg edema before and after intervention was 21.66 cm and 21.02 cm, respectively. The average circumference of right leg edema before and after intervention was 21.74 and 21.07 cm. The study found that foot massage significantly influenced the circumference of leg edema before and after the intervention, with a P value of 0.000 (P<0.005) for both legs. The study's findings can be used by nurses to guide nursing interventions/actions, particularly for CKD patients with posthemodialysis edema
The Effect of Physical Activity on Quality of Life and Emotional State of Students
Get PDFPhysiotherapists and nurses are crucial members of the healthcare team, and members of the healthcare team should be aware of the importance of physical activity to promote it in society. This study aimed to assess the effects of physical activity levels on the quality of life and emotional state of first-year nursing, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation students. One hundred six first-year nursing, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation students participated in the study. Socio-demographic characteristics were appraised. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were administered to all participants. The activity level of 51.9 % of all students was inactive. The mean values of NHP-sleep, NHP-SI, NHP-1, NHP-2, and BDI scores were higher in nursing students than in physiotherapy and rehabilitation students (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, physical activity among first-year nursing and physiotherapy and rehabilitation students is insufficient. More studies are needed about the reasons for insufficient physical activities in students and how to increase awareness of physical activity
Differences in Thawing Methods in Broiler Chicken Meat on Total Plate Count (TPC) of Bacteria
Get PDFTotal Plate Count (TPC) determines the number of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi. Thawing is a step in thawing food that was previously stored frozen. This study aims to analyze the differences in the Total Plate Count of bacteria with variations in thawing methods in broiler chicken meat. Thawing methods commonly used include thawing at room temperature, soaking in water, and leaving it in the refrigerator (chiller). The type of research is experimental design with a posttest-only control design. Repetition was carried out five times for each control group KN (negative control) and test groups R0 (fresh chicken), R1 (frozen chicken), R2 (chicken thawed at room temperature), R3 (chicken soaked in water) and R4 (chicken thawed in the chiller) then the number of bacteria that grew was calculated. The average number of R0 colony results ranged from 4.1 x 103 CFU/g, R1 8.6 x 102 CFU/g, R2 1.6 x 104 CFU/g, R3 8.9 x 103 CFU/g and R4 1.2 x 103 CFU/g. The Kruskall-Wallis test results showed an Asymp sig value of 0.000 (<0.05); it can be concluded that there are differences in TPC in broiler chicken meat with variations in thawing methods that are thawed at room temperature, soaked in water and thawing in the chiller. It is recommended to thaw frozen chicken meat using the method of leaving it in the refrigerator because it has the lowest number of germs and can inhibit the growth of germs
Healing Effect of Wistar Rat Incision Wounds on Administration of Microemulsion Combination of Green and Red Betel Leaf Extracts
Get PDFOne natural ingredient that has the potential to heal wounds is betel leaf. This study aimed to analyze the healing effect of Incision wounds in Wistar rats when administering a microemulsion combination of green and red betel leaf extracts. This research begins with sample collection, drying process, and extraction. The extract was then formulated into emulgel as a microemulsion in three formulations. These three formulas, along with a positive control and a negative control, were tested on each Wistar rat incision wound. The results of the research showed that emulgel formula 3, which was tested on mice, had the best ability to heal wounds for an average of 2.5 days and kept the mice's body temperature normal; 36.6oC. Formula 3 contains 5% South Kalimantan red betel, 5% South Kalimantan green betel, 5% Central Kalimantan red betel, and 5% Central Kalimantan green betel. This proves that the combination of formula 3 can heal wounds and body temperature in experimental mice. Further research is needed to find the best composition that produces faster, more complete wound healing effects and safely impacts experimental animals
The Influence of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Skills of Malaria Microscopists on the Accuracy of Laboratory Diagnosis Results
Get PDFMalaria remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, characterized by high rates of illness and death. Proper laboratory diagnosis is one of the keys to malaria prevention efforts. Malaria microscopists' proficiency, knowledge, attitudes, and skills require regular assessment to maintain diagnostic quality. This study examines the correlation between malaria microscopists' knowledge, attitudes, and competencies and the accuracy of laboratory diagnostic outcomes at the Jayapura City Health Center. This study used quantitative methods with descriptive and verification approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires and laboratory diagnosis results. The study sample was 13 malaria microscopists at the Jayapura City Health Center. The data were analyzed with SPSS software. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge (76.9%). Almost half of the respondents had a good attitude (46.2%). Most respondents had a sufficient level of skill (61.5%). Interestingly, although most respondents (76.9%) could diagnose malaria very accurately, this study did not find an effect of malaria microscopists' knowledge, attitude, and skills on the accuracy of diagnosis. The knowledge level of malaria microscopists at the Jayapura City Health Center is good, but their attitudes and skills still need to be improved. It is recommended that microscope Officers routinely attend training to improve their knowledge, attitudes and skills