Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan
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Legal Protection Mechanisms for Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Comparative Analysis of Indonesian and United States Criminal Procedures
Full text linkSexual abuse against minors needs robust legislative safeguards within the criminal justice framework. The essential distinctions between civil law and common law systems result in divergent normative approaches that need comparative analysis to ascertain optimal procedures for safeguarding child victims. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of legal protections for child victims of rape by using a comparative normative analysis between the Indonesian civil law system and the American common law system, specifically within the framework of the criminal justice system. This study employs normative legal research techniques within a comparative legal analysis framework. Primary legal documents include legislation, federal and state laws, and 359 judicial rulings from the period 2019-2024. The analysis involved comparing laws at the same time using different methods, including looking at the law in context and interpreting it systematically and comparatively. Indonesia has a thorough legislative framework prioritizing restorative justice; yet, judicial execution reveals that just 34% of judgments adhere to the notion of the child\u27s best interest. The United States exhibits more consistency (78%) in procedural protections via constitutional interpretation, notwithstanding the challenges of federal-state fragmentation. Both systems exhibit deficiencies in addressing cyber-facilitated abuse and developing technology. The efficacy of protection is contingent upon the uniformity of normative execution and the alignment of legislative and judicial practices. The convergence of legal systems is essential, with civil law embracing judicial flexibility and common law including systematic legislative methods to provide uniform child protection standards.Sexual abuse against minors needs robust legislative safeguards within the criminal justice framework. The essential distinctions between civil law and common law systems result in divergent normative approaches that need comparative analysis to ascertain optimal procedures for safeguarding child victims. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of legal protections for child victims of rape by using a comparative normative analysis between the Indonesian civil law system and the American common law system, specifically within the framework of the criminal justice system. This study employs normative legal research techniques within a comparative legal analysis framework. Primary legal documents include legislation, federal and state laws, and 359 judicial rulings from the period 2019-2024. The analysis involved comparing laws at the same time using different methods, including looking at the law in context and interpreting it systematically and comparatively. Indonesia has a thorough legislative framework prioritizing restorative justice; yet, judicial execution reveals that just 34% of judgments adhere to the notion of the child\u27s best interest. The United States exhibits more consistency (78%) in procedural protections via constitutional interpretation, notwithstanding the challenges of federal-state fragmentation. Both systems exhibit deficiencies in addressing cyber-facilitated abuse and developing technology. The efficacy of protection is contingent upon the uniformity of normative execution and the alignment of legislative and judicial practices. The convergence of legal systems is essential, with civil law embracing judicial flexibility and common law including systematic legislative methods to provide uniform child protection standards
Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Concentrations and Types of Growing Media on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum pupuk organic cair amino age dan macam media tanam terhaddap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman selada (lactuca sativa L.). Telah dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Karanganyar, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAK). Percobaan faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu : K0 = 0 ppm (Kontrol), K1 = 500 ppm, K2 = 1000 ppm, dan K3 = 1500 ppm. Faktor kedua Macam Media Tanam yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : M1 = Tanah : Arang Sekam (1:1), M2 = Tanah : Pupuk Kandang (1:1), M3 = Tanah : Cocopeat (1:1). Data dianalisis dengan uji F, jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT 5%. Variabel yang diamaati adalah Tinggi tanaman, Jumlah daun, Luas daun, Volume akar, Panjang akar terpanjang, Diameter Batang, Berat Brangkasan, Berat Konsumsi Tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair berbeda nyata pada variabel luas daun, diameter batang, dan berat brangkasan. Macam media tanam berbeda sangat nyata pada variabel luas daun, volume akar, diameter batang, berat brangkasan, dan berat konsumsi tanaman.
Kata Kunci : Konsentrasi poc amino age, macam media tanam, seladaThis research aims to determine the optimum concentration of amino age liquid organic fertilizer and types of planting media for the growth and production of lettuce plants (lactuca sativa L.). It has been carried out in Karanganyar District, Pekalongan Regency. The design used in this study is a Complete Group Random Design (RAK). A factorial experiment consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: K0 = 0 ppm (Control), K1 = 500 ppm, K2 = 1000 ppm, and K3 = 1500 ppm. The second factor is the Type of Planting Media which consists of 3 levels, namely: M1 = Soil: Husk Charcoal (1:1), M2 = Soil: Manure (1:1), M3 = Soil: Cocopeat (1:1). The data was analyzed with the F test, if it was significantly different, it was followed by the 5% Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The variables that were observed were Plant height, Number of leaves, Leaf area, Root volume, Longest root length, Stem diameter, Crop weight, Plant Consumption Weight. The results showed that the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer was significantly different in the variables of leaf area, stem diameter, and straw weight. The types of planting media differ very significantly in the variables of leaf area, root volume, stem diameter, crop weight, and plant consumption weight.
Keywords : Poc amino age concentration, types of planting media, lettuce
Examining Factors Affecting Firm Value For F&B Companies
Full text linkAs the F&B industry plays an important role in attaining national food resilience, maintaining sustainably good performance is a heightened concern for all stakeholders. Consequently, F&B companies are heavily scrutinized by investors who commonly use firm value as a business performance indicator. In this study, the authors intend to analyze the influence of liquidity, profitability, and capital structure ratios on firm value in the F&B subsector listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2024. With a sample of 33 firms and 10-year ratios for a total of 363 data points, the research method combines descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis using Smart PLS 4. The research results show a significant relationship between the profitability variable and firm value. On the contrary, capital structure and liquidity were found not to have any effects on firm value. For practitioners, this research provided evidence on the centrality of profitability not only to attain high firm value but also to portray a positive signal to the public and convince investors. In addition, for investors, this research provides recommendations on several factors to consider when investing capital
Income Smoothing: The Role of Growth, Financial Performance, Bonus Plan, and Cash Holding
Full text linkThis study examines income smoothing, a form of earnings management where companies report consistent earnings over time, with a focus on the primary consumer goods sector in Indonesia—an industry highly sensitive to investor expectations and exhibiting fluctuating income smoothing practices between 2019 and 2023. The research addresses how firm growth, financial performance, bonus plans, and cash holdings influence the likelihood of income smoothing. Unlike previous studies that generally discuss earnings management more broadly, this paper contributes by specifically exploring income smoothing within a sector and time frame that have received limited empirical attention. Using a quantitative approach, the study employs logistic regression analysis on 175 firm-year observations selected through purposive sampling from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results show that firm growth and cash holdings do not significantly affect income smoothing, while financial performance has a negative effect and bonus plans have a positive effect, suggesting that internal managerial incentives play a more prominent role than growth or liquidity. The study concludes that income smoothing is primarily driven by internal factors such as bonus schemes, offering important implications for corporate governance practices and the promotion of financial transparency.This study examines income smoothing, a form of earnings management where companies report consistent earnings over time, with a focus on the primary consumer goods sector in Indonesia—an industry highly sensitive to investor expectations and exhibiting fluctuating income smoothing practices between 2019 and 2023. The research addresses how firm growth, financial performance, bonus plans, and cash holdings influence the likelihood of income smoothing. Unlike previous studies that generally discuss earnings management more broadly, this paper contributes by specifically exploring income smoothing within a sector and time frame that have received limited empirical attention. Using a quantitative approach, the study employs logistic regression analysis on 175 firm-year observations selected through purposive sampling from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results show that firm growth and cash holdings do not significantly affect income smoothing, while financial performance has a negative effect and bonus plans have a positive effect, suggesting that internal managerial incentives play a more prominent role than growth or liquidity. The study concludes that income smoothing is primarily driven by internal factors such as bonus schemes, offering important implications for corporate governance practices and the promotion of financial transparency
Analysis of Human Adaptability, Social Capital, and Business Innovation in Business Sustainability
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the role of Human Adaptability, Social Capital, and Business Innovation in supporting Business Sustainability among MSME actors. The research employed a Mixed Method approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 83 MSME respondents in Pekalongan City and Regency. Quantitative analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), while qualitative data were utilized to strengthen the findings. The results indicate that Human Adaptability has a significant positive effect on Business Innovation, meaning that the higher the MSMEs’ ability to adapt to technology and market changes, the greater their opportunities to create innovation, which in turn significantly influences business sustainability. Social Capital also shows a significant positive impact on Business Innovation, emphasizing the importance of social networks and collaboration in fostering new ideas. Furthermore, Business Innovation strongly contributes to Business Sustainability, covering financial, social, and environmental aspects. However, the direct relationship between Human Adaptability and Business Sustainability is weaker compared to its mediated effect through innovation. These findings highlight that MSME sustainability is not only determined by adaptability and social networks but primarily by the ability to transform adaptability and social capital into concrete innovations. Therefore, strategies to enhance MSME competitiveness should focus on improving digital literacy, strengthening business networks, and providing innovation mentoring in products and business models to ensure survival in an increasingly dynamic business environmentPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Human Adaptability, Social Capital, dan Business Innovation dalam mendukung Business Sustainability pada pelaku UMKM. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Mixed Method dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, serta kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 83 responden UMKM di Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), sementara data kualitatif dipakai untuk memperkuat temuan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Human Adaptability berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Business Innovation, yang berarti semakin tinggi kemampuan pelaku UMKM beradaptasi terhadap teknologi dan perubahan pasar, semakin besar pula peluang mereka menciptakan inovasi, dan begitu pula berpengaruh signifikan terhadap business sustainability. Social Capital juga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Business Innovation, menegaskan pentingnya jaringan sosial dan kolaborasi dalam mendorong lahirnya ide-ide baru. Selanjutnya, Business Innovation terbukti berpengaruh kuat terhadap Business Sustainability, baik dari aspek finansial, sosial, maupun lingkungan. Namun, hubungan langsung Human Adaptability terhadap Business Sustainability lebih lemah dibandingkan jika dimediasi oleh inovasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberlanjutan UMKM tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kemampuan adaptasi dan jaringan sosial, tetapi terutama oleh kemampuan mereka dalam mengolah adaptabilitas dan modal sosial menjadi inovasi nyata. Dengan demikian, strategi peningkatan daya saing UMKM perlu difokuskan pada peningkatan literasi digital, penguatan jejaring bisnis, serta pendampingan inovasi produk dan model usaha agar dapat bertahan dalam lingkungan bisnis yang semakin dinamis
Legal Protection for Public Shareholders on Forced Delisting of Securities by the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Full text linkThis study discusses the legal protection for public shareholders in the event of a forced delisting. This legal protection includes sanctions for public companies that fail to fulfill their legal obligation to repurchase all public shares. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that it not only examines the legal protection for investors that is normatively regulated by law but also delves into the legal responsibility for the losses suffered by investors as public shareholders when a public company fails to repurchase public shares following a forced delisting. The research employs a normative juridical method using a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials. The legal responsibility of a public company for investor losses is based on an unlawful act (onrechtmatige daad) committed by the public company for not fulfilling its legal obligation to repurchase all public shares as stipulated in OJK Circular Letter Number 13/SE.OJK.04/2023. The results show that investors have the right to legal protection in the event of a de-listing. These protections include the company\u27s obligation to buy back all public shares, which is regulated in OJK Regulations. If the company does not fulfill this obligation, investors may suffer losses that can be remedied through administrative sanctions from OJK, such as warnings, fines, or revocation of business licenses. Companies that fail to fulfill their buyback obligations are considered to have committed an unlawful act and are liable for any losses suffered by investors. Therefore, listed companies need to be more compliant with capital market regulations to maintain investor confidence and market stability, as well as protect the rights of public shareholders
Problematika Undang-Undang Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Nasional untuk Pertahanan Negara (PSDN) Republik Indonesia
No full textThis paper examines the problems with Law Number. 23/2019 on the Management of National Resources for National Defence (PSDN), given that the PDSN Law contradicts several principles and constitutions that apply in Indonesia. Focusing on the overly broad function of the Reserve Component in national security in addressing hybrid threats, the centralisation of military funding that Article 75 of the PSDN Law attempts to violate, military and Reserve Component trends in other countries that have a focus on defence diplomacy, and the role of the Reserve Component in national security.
Keyword: Management of National Resources for National Defence (PSDN) Law, Military Reserve ComponentTulisan ini mengkaji permasalahan yang terdapat dalam UU No. 23/2019 tentang Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Nasional untuk Pertahanan Negara (PSDN), mengingat UU PDSN bertentangan dengan beberapa prinsip dan konstitusi yang berlaku di Indonesia. Berfokus pada fungsi Komponen Cadangan yang terlalu luas dalam keamanan nasional dalam mengatasi ancaman hibrida, sentralisasi pendanaan militer yang ingin dilanggar oleh Pasal 75 UU PSDN, tren militer dan Komponen Cadangan di negara-negara lain yang memiliki fokus pada diplomasi pertahanan, dan peran Komponen Cadangan dalam keamanan nasional
Development of Environmental Law in Indonesia and Ethiopia: Philosophy and Normative Aspects
Full text linkThe comparison of environmental law in Indonesia and Ethiopia reflects differences in philosophical and normative approaches due to historical, cultural, and legal system factors in each country, with major challenges in regulatory implementation, institutional capacity, and law enforcement to achieve sustainable development and effective environmental protection. The objective of this study is to analyze the development of environmental law in Indonesia and Ethiopia from the perspective of the philosophy underlying the formation and implementation of regulations, as well as to compare the normative aspects of environmental law in both countries and the factors affecting the effectiveness of their implementation. This study employs a normative legal method with a comparative, statutory, and conceptual approach, utilizing literature studies and descriptive-qualitative as well as comparative analysis. The findings reveal that the comparison of environmental law between Indonesia and Ethiopia demonstrates that both countries have a strong legal foundation for environmental protection but adopt different approaches based on their respective social, economic, and geographical contexts. Indonesia embraces the philosophy of sustainable development rooted in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, with key regulations such as Law No. 32 of 2009, emphasizing the precautionary principle and the polluter-pays principle. Meanwhile, Ethiopia places greater emphasis on environmental rights and ecological justice, as reflected in the 1995 Ethiopian Constitution and regulations such as the Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 299/2002. Although both countries have strong normative frameworks, implementation remains challenging, with Indonesia struggling to balance industrial interests with environmental protection, while Ethiopia faces institutional and resource limitations in law enforcement
Customary Marriage Registration in Realizing Legal Certainty in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study examines the legal issues arising from the unregistered customary marriage, a fundamental issue in the balance between local wisdom and state regulations. On the one hand, customary marriage is an institution that contains socio-cultural values and community identity that have long existed, while on the other hand the informality of the marriage registration raises various legal issues, including unclear legal status, protection of inheritance rights, and access to socio-bureaucratic facilities. The absence of official registration triggers a conflict between positive legal norms and religious and customary values that are still upheld, thus creating a gap in the enforcement of rights and obligations at the local and national levels. In addition, the phenomenon of marriage without official registration also has an impact on vulnerable groups, such as adolescents, who are at risk of experiencing abuse of rights and minimal legal protection. The research method used is normative legal research with a literature approach, considering that the data processed are in the form of laws and regulations and scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that the integration of customary law and positive law through the active role of institutions such as the Office of Religious Affairs and the Population and Civil Registration Service is a strategic step to synergize the two systems, so that it can provide comprehensive legal certainty for the recognition of rights, clarity of marital status, protection of inheritance, and guarantee of access to administrative facilities. Inclusive legal reform and increasing socialization and human resource competence are the keys to reconciling local traditions with modern legal requirements in order to realize social justice and protection of citizen rights)
NASIONALISME SOEKARNO DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM YANG BERDIKARI DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM
No full textWest This study aims to analyze the influence of thenatural resource nationalization policy implemented bySoekarno on the legal and social systems in Indonesia.This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptiveanalytical approach. Data were collected throughliterature studies from various legal documents,journal articles, and in-depth interviews with legalexperts and historians. The data analysis techniquesused are content analysis to examine legal texts andpolicies, and comparative analysis to compare theimplementation of nationalization policies in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the nationalization policy has a significant impact on the sustainability of law and social welfare, although in practice it faces major challenges in its implementation.This study is expected to provide insight into the relevance of the policy in the context of current legal and economic development in Indonesia.Abstract
West This study aims to analyze the influence of the natural resource nationalization policy implemented by Soekarno on the legal and social systems in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were collected through literature studies from various legal documents, journal articles, and in-depth interviews with legal experts and historians. The data analysis techniques used are content analysis to examine legal texts and policies, and comparative analysis to compare the implementation of nationalization policies in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the nationalization policy has a significant impact on the sustainability of law and social welfare, although in practice it faces major challenges in its implementation. This study is expected to provide insight into the relevance of the policy in the context of current legal and economic development in Indonesia