Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan
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The “Constitutional Interest” Paradigm vs. the “Constitutional Injury” Requirement in Judicial Review Requests
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze these different paradigms, examine the consistency of their application in Constitutional Court decisions, and assess their implications for access to constitutional justice in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a statute and case approach. Data were obtained through a review of relevant laws, legal doctrine, and analysis of Constitutional Court decisions, then analyzed qualitatively to identify the Court\u27s argumentation patterns. The results show that the Constitutional Court tends to use the "constitutional injury" paradigm as the primary standard in assessing an applicant\u27s legal standing. However, in some cases, the Court also considers the "constitutional interest" paradigm when a constitutional issue is deemed to concern the broader public interest. This creates inconsistencies in judicial practice and demonstrates the considerable scope for interpretation for constitutional judges. The distinction between the interest and injury paradigms reflects the tension between the principle of judicial prudence and the need to expand access to constitutional justice. Clarity of standards is needed by the Constitutional Court to avoid legal uncertainty and to ensure that citizens\u27 constitutional rights are consistently protectedThe conceptual debate regarding the legal standing of applicants in judicial review cases at the Constitutional Court arises from two different paradigms: the looser "constitutional interest" paradigm and the stricter "constitutional injury" requirement. This difference creates uncertainty in practice, particularly regarding who is entitled to file a judicial review request and how the Constitutional Court assesses the applicant\u27s legal standing. The purpose of this study is to analyze these different paradigms, examine the consistency of their application in Constitutional Court decisions, and assess their implications for access to constitutional justice in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a statute and case approach. Data were obtained through a review of relevant laws, legal doctrine, and analysis of Constitutional Court decisions, then analyzed qualitatively to identify the Court\u27s argumentation patterns. The results show that the Constitutional Court tends to use the "constitutional injury" paradigm as the primary standard in assessing an applicant\u27s legal standing. However, in some cases, the Court also considers the "constitutional interest" paradigm when constitutional issues are deemed to concern the broader public interest. This creates inconsistencies in judicial practice and demonstrates the considerable scope for interpretation for constitutional judges. The distinction between the interest and injury paradigms reflects the tension between the principle of judicial prudence and the need to expand access to constitutional justice. Clarity of standards is needed by the Constitutional Court to avoid legal uncertainty and to ensure that citizens\u27 constitutional rights are consistently protected
Legal Framework For Crypto Asset Trading As An Effort To Protect Consumers In Indonesia
No full textCryptocurrency has emerged as a disruptive and revolutionary asset in the global financial landscape, transforming how individuals and organizations conduct financial transactions. In Indonesia, cryptocurrency is prohibited as a means of payment but is permitted as a digital asset (crypto asset) that can be traded. Crypto assets operate through a decentralized system that lies outside the control of the government and centralized authorities. As of October 2024, the number of crypto asset consumers in Indonesia reached 21.27 million, and throughout 2024, it has contributed to the development of the digital financial services sector, with transactions amounting to IDR 650.61 trillion. Volatility, illegal crypto asset traders, hacking, and scamming are among the key issues in crypto asset trading. This research is a doctrinal/normative legal study using a statutory approach. It is based on a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that the Ijtima Ulama of the National Fatwa Commission VII in 2021 and OJK Regulation (POJK) No. 27 of 2024 indicate that the government is getting involved in crypto asset trading. However, several weaknesses in the POJK, including the unclear position of individual consumers and the absence of mandatory risk mitigation requirements for traders, may result in the lack of security guarantees for consumer crypto assets
Unlawful Acts In The Criminal Offense Of Document Forgery
No full textThe Unitary State of Indonesia consists of diverse ethnic groups and customary laws, governed under a sovereign legal framework to ensure the proper enforcement of regulations. As stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), “The State of Indonesia is a state based on law,” emphasizing that every individual who commits a criminal act must be held accountable according to applicable laws. However, various legal challenges continue to arise, especially amid rapid modernization and technological advancement, leading to new forms of criminal acts previously unknown, such as document forgery involving authentic deeds. An authentic deed is an official document prepared by or before a competent public official, serving as strong and binding evidence in legal proceedings as stated in Article 1870 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata). Given its probative value, authentic deeds hold a crucial role in legal certainty and public trust. Nevertheless, the increasing occurrence of forgery cases undermines the credibility of these documents and challenges the integrity of Indonesia’s legal system. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the legal implications and accountability mechanisms for the forgery of authentic deeds, emphasizing the need for stronger preventive regulations, stricter law enforcement, and enhanced oversight to uphold justice and protect the authenticity of legal instruments in Indonesia
Age Requirement and Legal Certainty in Indonesia’s Presidential Candidacy after Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023
No full textThis study examines the implementation of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, focusing on the minimum age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates in Indonesia. The issue became significant after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, which reinterpreted Article 169(q) to allow candidates under 40 years old to run if they currently hold or have held an elected public office. The research aims to analyze the legal certainty of this age limitation and its conformity with the principles of justice and equality enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. Using a normative juridical method, this study reviews relevant statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and academic commentaries to evaluate the consistency between the Court’s decision and constitutional values. The results reveal that the decision introduces a progressive shift in Indonesia’s constitutional jurisprudence by harmonizing formal legality with substantive justice. It ensures that legal certainty is maintained while promoting inclusiveness and equal opportunity in the democratic process. The conclusion emphasizes that the reinterpretation strengthens Indonesia’s constitutional democracy by affirming that leadership eligibility should be based on competence and public trust rather than age alone. This finding highlights the importance of integrating constitutional justice with democratic participation in future electoral law reforms.
 
Human Rights Due Diligence in Global Business Toward Mandatory International Legal Standards
No full text International business law is undergoing a significant paradigmatic transformation marked by a shift from voluntary Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) standards (soft law) toward mandatory regulation (hard law). This transformation signifies a strengthened legal accountability of global corporations for human rights (HR) within increasingly complex transnational supply chains. This study aims to analyze the impact of the transition from soft law to hard law on the effectiveness of corporate compliance with human rights principles and to formulate an ideal international mechanism for the universal harmonization of HRDD. The research employs a normative legal method with a conceptual approach, utilizing primary legal materials such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), and other relevant international legal instruments. Secondary legal materials include academic literature and empirical studies on HRDD effectiveness, while tertiary materials—such as legal dictionaries and encyclopedias—are used to ensure terminological precision and analytical clarity. The findings reveal that the transition toward mandatory HRDD has enhanced normative legitimacy and broadened corporate accountability frameworks; however, its substantive effectiveness remains constrained by regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions and limited access to remedies for victims, particularly in developing countries. This research proposes the Global Harmonized HRDD Framework as a conceptual solution that integrates corporate accountability, legal certainty, and substantive justice within a comprehensive and equitable international legal architectur
Aplikasi Tekonologi Sonic Bloom Murotal Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Baqarah dan Asam Amino Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L): Aplication Of Sonic Bloom Technology Of Murotal Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Baqarah and Amino Acids On The Growth Rate Of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi teknologi Sonic Bloom dan Asam Amino terhadap laju pertumbuhan kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) factorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu interval penggunaan Sonic Bloom dan Penambahan Asam Amino. Faktor pertama adalah interval penggunaan Sonic Bloom dengan 4 taraf perlakuan (0, 5, 10 dan 15 menit), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah penambahan asam amino dengan 4 taraf perlakuan (0,15,30 dan 45 ml/L.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam amino 15 ml/L meningkatkan tinggi tanaman sebesar 24,5%, sedangkan Sonic Bloom dengan interval 15 menit meningkatkan jumlah daun sebesar 18,7%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang pengaruh sonic bloom dan asam amino terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kopi arabika, serta dapat menjadi referensi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut
Kata Kunci: Asam amino, Kopi arabika, Sonic Bloo
Analisis Pendapatan Dan Pemasaran Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Hibrida Di Kecamatan Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu: Corn Revenue And Marketing Analysis (Zea Mays L.) Hybrid In Rantau Selatan Sub District Labuhanbatu Regency
No full textPeran sektor pertanian dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional, khususnya dalam penyediaan pangan, peningkatan pendapatan petani, dan penyerapan tenaga kerja, masih sangat krusial. Dalam konteks global, permintaan terhadap komoditas pangan pokok seperti jagung (Zea mays L.) terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk, perkembangan industri pakan ternak, dan diversifikasi produk pangan olahanPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berapa tingkat pendapatan usahatani jagung hibrida dan untuk mengetahui apakah pemasaran jagung hibrida di Kecamatan Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu efisisen. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, yaitu penelitian dengan mendeskripsikan keadaan di lapangan dari sejumlah individu yang di wawancara secara langsung, yang dijadikan sampel dengan menggunakan kuisioner dengan menganalisis usahatani dengan menggunakan rumus pendapatan dan saluran, efisiensi, share margin serta margin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan/usahatani jagung hibrida di Kecamatan Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu sebesar Rp 14.636.770/musim panen dengan rata-rata pendapatan jagung hibrida/Ha sebesar Rp 12.310.151. Saluran pemasaran pada penelitian ini ada dua saluran pemasaran I dan II. Efisiensi pemasaran pada saluran pemasaran I sebesar 3,69% < 33 % dan Efisiensi pemasaran pada saluran II sebesar 4,78% < 33% yang artinya saluran pemasaran jagung hibrida di Kecamatan Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu merupakan saluran pemasaran yang efisien.
Kata kunci: Jagung Hibrida Pendapatan Usahatani, penyediaan pangan Pemasaran
Pengaruh Faktor Resiko Produksi Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Padi (Oryza sativa L. ) Di Desa Karangklesem Kecamatan Pakuncen Kabupaten Banyumas: The Influence of Production Risk Factors on the Income of Rice Farmers (Oryza sativa L.) in Karangklesem Village, Pakuncen District, Banyumas Regency
No full textTanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman utama di Indonesia, hampir separuh penduduk Indonesia mengonsumsi beras sebagai makanan pokok dan merupakan tanaman budidaya yang sangat penting bagi umat manusia karena lebih dari setengah penduduk dunia tergantung pada tanaman ini sebagai sumber bahan pangan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan khususnya beras, diperlakukan upaya peningkatan produksi beras, Salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang sebagian besar masyarakatnya bekerja di sektor pertanian yaitu di Desa Karangklesem Kecamatan Pekuncen, Kabupaten Banyumas memiliki luas panen dan produksi tertinggi, Luas panen usahatani padi masih mengalami fluktuatif yang mempengaruhi pada hasil produksi. Hasil produksi usahatani padi masih mengalami fluktuasi mengindikasikan adanya risiko dalam produksi usahatani padi yang menjadi ancaman terhadap kesejahteraan petani padi. Pelaksanaan usahatani padi sawah mengandung banyak risiko yang berakibat pada penurunan produksi yang sebagian tidak dapat dikendalikan. Usaha pertanian merupakan usaha yang selalu ditandai variabilitas hasil atau risiko yang tinggi. Pelaksanaan usahatani yang dilakukan oleh petani harus mempunyai pertimbangan yang tepat dalam berproduksi agar memperoleh pendapatan yang terbaik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor - faktor risiko dalam produksi yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani padi resiko tersebut terjadinya perubahan iklim, intensitas curah hujan, serangan hama dan penyakit dan Luas lahan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2023 hingga Oktober 2024 di Desa Karangklesem, Kecamatan Pekuncen, Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode penelitian digunakan adalah menggunakan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 20 petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber risiko produksi yang ada dan informasi lainnya untuk pendukung yang didapatkan secara langsung dari hasil wawancara dengan petani padi. Analisis kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pengaruh faktor risiko produksi dengan metode skala Likert dan menghitung pendapatan petani dengan metode analisis pendapatan usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber resiko produksi yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani padi, yaitu organisme pengganggu tanaman (19,31%), iklim dan cuaca (19,88%), modal (20,17%), biaya produksi (20,75%), luas lahan (19,88%) . Faktor resiko produksi yang berpengaruh tinggi terhadap pendapatan petani padi, yaitu biaya produksi. Pendapatan petani padi di Desa Krangklesem, Kecamatan Pakuncen sebesar Rp 34.987.216/ha dalam satu kali musim panen.
Kata kunci: Faktor Resiko, Padi, Pendapatan, Produksi
STUDI GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN DINAMIKA KELOMPOK PADA POKDAKAN DI DESA PONORAGAN KECAMATAN LOA KULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
No full textThis research aims to determine the group characteristics, members\u27 perceptions of leadership styles, and the level of group dynamics among fish farmers in Ponoragan Village, Loa Kulu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency.The research was conducted from September 2024 to April 2025 in Ponoragan Village, Loa Kulu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency.The sampling method used in this study is the Census method with a sample size of 38 fish farmers from three groups of fish farmers, namely: Kelompok Cahaya Ulam, Mina Kolam Mandiri Jaya, and Sumber Sari Makmur.The types of data used in this research are primary and secondary data.Data analysis uses tabular-based descriptive analysis, which is then presented in the form of tables.Data collection through questionnaires and interviews was then analyzed using descriptive statistics.The research results show that the characteristics of the group leaders and members fall within the age range of 25-60 years, with the majority having a high school education.The number of dependents ranges from 3-5 people, with an income range of Rp. 2,000,000-Rp. 4,000,000.The dominant leadership style is authoritarian in the Cahaya Ulam group, while other leadership styles are democratic in the Mina Kolam Mandiri Jaya group, and relaxed in the Sumber Sari Makmur group.Even the level of group dynamics varies among the groups.This research is expected to provide information and input to the public regarding more effective leadership styles and group dynamics of fish farmer groups.
Keywords: Characteristics, Leadership Style, Group DynamicsPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kelompok, persepsi anggota terhadap gaya kepemimpinan dan tingkat dinamika kelompok pembudidaya ikan di desa Ponoragan Kecamatan Loa Kulu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2024 - April 2025 di Desa Ponoragan Kecamatan Loa Kulu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Sensus dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 38 pembudidaya pada tiga kelompok pembudidaya ikan, yaitu: Kelompok Cahaya Ulam, Mina Kolam Mandiri Jaya, dan Sumber Sari Makmur. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif berbasis tabulasi kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan wawancara kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pengurus dan anggota kelompok termasuk dalam usia 25-60 tahun, mayorita berpendidikan SMA. Jumlah tanggungan mulai 3-5 orang, dengan rentang pendapatan Rp. 2000.000-Rp.4000.000. Gaya kepemimpinan yang dominan adalah otoriter pada kelompok Cahaya Ulam, beberapa gaya kepemimpinan lainnya demokratis pada kelompok Mina Kolam Mandiri Jaya, dan gaya santai pada kelompok Sumber Sari Makmur. Bahkan tingkat dinamika kelompok yang bervariasi antar kelompok. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan masukan bagi khalayak terhadap gaya kepemimpinan dan dinamika kelompok pembudidaya ikan yang lebih efektif.
Kata kunci: Karekteristik, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Dinamika Kelompo
Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Chao Pangkep Against The Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
No full textChao is a traditional fermented food that comes from the Pangkep area. The microorganism that dominates Chao is the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB bacteria belong to a group of probiotic bacteria that have many health benefits. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria are bacteria that cause infections whose prevalence is increasing. The purpose of this study is to explore LAB from Chao Pangkep as a new source to find LAB that can be used to treat MRSA infection. The research methods carried out were LAB isolate rejuvenation, lactic acid bacterial selection through hemolytic tests and antibacterial activity tests using the agar diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion). The test results showed that three LAB isolates, namely C2, C10, and C11, were γ-hemolytic (non-hemolytic) so they were not pathogenic. The three non-pathogenic isolates were subsequently used as LAB candidates for testing antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity is shown by the presence of clear zones formed around bacterial colonies. The existence of LAB\u27s ability as an antibacterial is due to the production of metabolite compounds. Therefore, the lactic acid (LAB) bacterial isolate with code C11 has antibacterial activity, so it can be used as a potential candidate to control pathogenic bacteria.Chao is a traditional fermented food that comes from the Pangkep area. The microorganism that dominates Chao is the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB bacteria belong to a group of probiotic bacteria that have many health benefits. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria are bacteria that cause infections whose prevalence is increasing. The purpose of this study is to explore LAB from Chao Pangkep as a new source to find LAB that can be used to treat MRSA infection. The research methods carried out were LAB isolate rejuvenation, lactic acid bacterial selection through hemolytic tests and antibacterial activity tests using the agar diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion). The test results showed that three LAB isolates, namely C2, C10, and C11, were γ-hemolytic (non-hemolytic) so they were not pathogenic. The three non-pathogenic isolates were subsequently used as LAB candidates for testing antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity is shown by the presence of clear zones formed around bacterial colonies. The existence of LAB\u27s ability as an antibacterial is due to the production of metabolite compounds. Therefore, the lactic acid (LAB) bacterial isolate with code C11 has antibacterial activity, so it can be used as a potential candidate to control pathogenic bacteria