Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan
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Pelatihan Desain Grafis Dalam Pembuatan Konten Pembelajaran Visual Bagi Guru Smk Mandiri Palembang
Full text linkGuru memiliki peran penting dalam proses pendidikan termasuk bertanggung jawab menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran menarik dan efektif. Konten pembelajaran visual merupakan salah satu inovasi pembelajaran yang dapat mendukung hal tersebut. Tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Guru SMK Mandiri Palembang adalah minimnya keterampilan dalam membuat dan mengembangkan bahan ajar berbasis konten pembelajaran visual. Berdasarkan permasalahan inilah kegiatan pelatihan desain grafis dalam pembuatan konten pembelajaran visual bagi Guru SMK Mandiri Palembang ini dilaksanakan. Kegiatan pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan 3(tiga) tahapan yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Metode pelatihan meliputi presentasi, praktik langsung, dan pendampingan. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 81% peserta sangat setuju bahwa kegiatan ini memenuhi harapan, dengan 80% di antaranya merasa pelatihan menambah pengetahuan mereka. Para guru mampu memproduksi konten visual yang lebih baik, dan 78% peserta menyatakan minat untuk mengikuti pelatihan lanjutan. Kegiatan ini berhasil memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan guru dalam menciptakan konten pembelajaran yang lebih efekti
Formulation of the Concept of Legal Capacity to Conduct Marriages for Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textThis study explores the formulation of legal capacity for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to enter into marriage within the Indonesian legal system. Marriage, as both a civil act and a human right, requires the capacity to fulfill rights and obligations, yet current regulations provide limited guidance for individuals with developmental disabilities. Although the Marriage and the Disability Law recognize the right of persons with disabilities to marry, the absence of explicit provisions on ASD raises challenges in legal practice. The research adopts an empirical juridical and qualitative approach, utilizing interviews with judges, psychologists, parents, and individuals with autism, supported by statutory analysis. Findings indicate that individuals with mild autism or Asperger’s syndrome may retain sufficient mental competence to exercise legal rights, although their capacity can vary. The study applies two theoretical frameworks: maqashid sharia which emphasizes the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property and the theory of legal certainty, highlighting justice, benefit, and consistency in legal rules. Together, these approaches advocate for an inclusive and rights-based interpretation of marriage law. The research underscores the need for a legal construction that accommodates ASD by integrating medical, psychological, and jurisprudential assessments. Judicial reasoning should move beyond rigid textual interpretations to purposive approaches that balance individual rights with public interest. Ultimately, the study proposes that ASD be recognized under the category of “developmental disabilities” within the Disability Law, ensuring a fair, clear, and implementable standard of legal competence for marriage. This framework aspires to advance inclusive family law that upholds dignity, equality, and social justice
Daya Predasi Dan Respon Fungsional Oxyopes javanus Terhadap Spodoptera frugiperda: Predatory Capacity and Functional Response of Oxyopes javanus to Spodoptera frugiperda
No full textPHT merupakan salah satu metode dalam pengendalian biologis dimana menggunakan organisme yang terdapat di lingkungannya sendiri. Predator merupakan salah satu peran yang dapat mengendalikan populasi serangga, predator dapat ditemukan secara alami maupun secara introduksi. Oxyopes javanus merupakan predator yang dapat ditemuin di berbagai lahan pertanian dengan jangkaun mangsa yang luas, Spodoptera frugiperda merupakan hama utama tanaman jagung sehingga pengendalian perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui daya predasi dan respon fungsional Oxyopes javanus terhadap populasi S. frugiperda. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa O. javanus mampu mengendalikan populasi S. frugiperda di instar 2 dan mempunyai tipe tanggap II.
Kata kunci : Daya predasi, Tipe tanggap, O. javanus, S. frugiperda
Dampak Program Otago Home Exercise terhadap Penurunan Risiko Jatuh pada Lansia
No full textBackground: The elderly, defined as individuals aged 60 years and older, experience various physiological changes associated with aging. One significant change is the decline in bodily functions, which affects the body\u27s ability to adapt to the environment and often leads to impaired balance. This condition increases the risk of falls, making fall prevention efforts essential. One such effort is the Otago Home Exercise Programme (OHEP), a structured balance and strength training intervention. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of OHEP on fall risk in the elderly. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with two groups and pretest–post-test. The samples involving 60 participants selected through purposive sampling. The intervention was conducted three times a week for three weeks, and fall risk was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Results showed a significant reduction in fall risk in the intervention group, with high risk decreasing from 10% to 0%, moderate risk from 90% to 80%, and an increase in low risk from 0% to 20% (p = 0.000). Conclusion: It can be concluded that OHEP is effective in reducing fall risk among the elderly and is recommended for wider implementation in elderly care settings.Latar Belakang: Lansia, yang didefinisikan sebagai individu berusia 60 tahun ke atas, mengalami berbagai perubahan fisiologis terkait proses penuaan. Salah satu perubahan yang signifikan adalah penurunan fungsi tubuh, yang memengaruhi kemampuan tubuh untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dan seringkali menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan. Kondisi ini meningkatkan risiko jatuh, sehingga upaya pencegahan jatuh menjadi sangat penting. Salah satu upaya tersebut adalah Otago Home Exercise Programme (OHEP), yaitu intervensi latihan terstruktur yang berfokus pada kekuatan dan keseimbangan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh OHEP terhadap risiko jatuh pada lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan dua kelompok dan pretest–post-test. Sampel melibatkan 60 partisipan yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Intervensi dilakukan tiga kali seminggu selama tiga minggu, dan risiko jatuh diukur menggunakan Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Data dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan signifikan pada risiko jatuh di kelompok intervensi, dengan risiko tinggi menurun dari 10% menjadi 0%, risiko sedang dari 90% menjadi 80%, serta peningkatan risiko rendah dari 0% menjadi 20% (p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa OHEP efektif dalam menurunkan risiko jatuh pada lansia dan direkomendasikan untuk diimplementasikan secara lebih luas dalam pelayanan kesehatan lansia
Case-Control Study: Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Toddlers in the Doro 1 Community Health Center Work Area
No full textThe significant rise in diarrhea cases in the highland area of Puskesmas Doro 1, reaching 339 cases in 2025. This study employed a mixed-methods design with a sequential explanatory model. The quantitative phase used a case-control study on 34 toddlers (17 cases and 17 controls) selected through consecutive and simple random sampling. Data analysis utilized the Chi-Square test. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews with policymakers. The results showed a significant relationship between diarrhea incidence and clean water facilities (p=0.001; OR=35.00), family latrines (p=0.002; OR=10.56), and waste disposal facilities (p=0.016; OR=5.76). On the other hand, parenting style and handwashing with soap (CTPS) showed no significant relationship. Qualitative findings confirmed that water source contamination due to substandard septic tank distances was the primary cause, even though community hygiene behavior was adequate. Poor physical environmental quality is the major determinant of diarrhea incidence compared to behavioral factors. Interventions focusing on improving basic sanitation infrastructure and protecting water sources are required to break the chain of transmission.
Keywords: Case-Control, Toddler Diarrhea, Environment, Mixed Methods, Risk Factors
Terjadi peningkatan signifikan kasus diare di wilayah pegunungan Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Doro 1, mencapai 339 kasus pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko utama diare pada balita melalui pendekatan kuantitati dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain campuran (mixed methods) dengan model urutan eksplanatori. Tahap kuantitatif menggunakan studi kasus-kontrol pada 34 balita (17 kasus dan 17 kontrol) yang dipilih melalui sampling berurutan dan acak sederhana. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Tahap kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pembuat kebijakan. Hasil menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian diare dan fasilitas air bersih (p=0.001; OR=35.00), fasilitas toilet keluarga (p=0.002; OR=10.56), dan fasilitas pembuangan limbah (p=0.016; OR=5.76). Sebaliknya, pola pengasuhan dan kebiasaan mencuci tangan dengan sabun (CTPS) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Temuan kualitatif mengonfirmasi bahwa pencemaran sumber air akibat jarak saptitank yang tidak memadai merupakan penyebab utama, meski pun perilaku higiene komunitas baik. Kesimpulan: Kualitas lingkungan fisik yang buruk merupakan faktor penentu utama insiden penyakit diare, dibandingkan dengan faktor perilaku. Intervensi untuk meningkatkan infrastruktur sanitasi dasar dan melindungi sumber air diperlukan untuk memutus rantai penularan
Kata Kunci :Studi Kasus-Kontrol, Diare Balita, Lingkungan, Mix Method, Faktor Risik
Unravelling Error Patterns in Linear Programming: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach with Small-Sample Insights
No full textThis study examines cognitive error patterns in students’ linear programming (LP) formulations using a hierarchical Bayesian approach tailored for small-sample contexts. The research was conducted in the Mathematics Education program at Universitas Pekalongan, involving 12 undergraduate students who completed a structured LP problem-solving task. Errors were categorized into five theoretically grounded types: constraint omission, objective misidentification, sign reversal, variable mislabeling, and infeasibility misjudgment. A Bayesian hierarchical multinomial logistic model was employed to capture individual differences and group-level error structures, using weakly informative priors and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling (30,000 iterations). Posterior estimates indicated dominant error trends in constraint omission and sign reversal among participants, with between-student variability accounting for 43% of the total variance. Posterior predictive checks and leave-one-out cross-validation confirmed model adequacy. These findings illustrate the diagnostic value of Bayesian modeling in identifying systematic misconceptions in LP learning, even with limited data, and provide actionable insights for personalized instructional support in mathematical problem-solving context
LEGALITAS PENGGUNAAN KEKUATAN BERSENJATA OLEH ISRAEL DALAM SENGKETA DENGAN PALESTINA DITINJAU DARI PASAL 51 PIAGAM PBB TENTANG SELF-DEFENSE
No full textThe conflict between Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (HAMAS) and Israel, which peaked on October 7, 2023, has given rise to the dynamics of international legal issues, especially related to international humanitarian law and human rights law. Based on this conflict, the principle of self-defense has become a debate among the international community regarding compliance with the provisions of the UN Charter. In the Charter of the United Nations (UN), the concept of the exercise of the right of self-defense as stipulated in Article 51 of the UN Charter is the basis and justification for Israel to use armed force against the Hamas Group in Palestine. The research method of this writing uses a juridical-normative approach with a statute approach. This approach is used to examine and analyze the legal provisions governing self-defense, especially against the conflict between Hamas and Israel in Palestine. The author will review Israel\u27s actions in carrying out counterattacks against Hamas in Palestine by analyzing elements of Article 51 of the UN Charter, as well as on the basis of cases that have occurred, both resolved through the International Court of Justice and those that have been stopped due to bilateral agreementsKonflik antara Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (HAMAS) dan Israel yang memuncak pada 7 Oktober 2023 menimbulkan dinamika persoalan hukum internasional, khususnya terkait dengan hukum humaniter internasional dan hukum hak asasi manusia. Berdasarkan konflik tersebut, prinsip self-defense yang menjadi alasan telah menjadi perdebatan di kalangan masyarakat internasional mengenai kepatuhan terhadap pemenuhan unsur sesuai pengaturan di Piagam PBB. Dalam Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB), konsep penerapan hak membela diri (self-defense) sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 51 Piagam PBB merupakan dasar dan alasan pembenar bagi Israel untuk menggunakan kekuatan bersenjata terhadap Kelompok HAMAS di Palestina. Metode penelitian dari penulisan ini menggunakan Yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menelaah dan menganalisis ketentuan hukum yang mengatur tentang self-defense, khususnya terhadap konflik antara HAMAS dan Israel di Palestina. Penulis akan mengulas tindakan Israel dalam melakukan serangan balasan terhadap Hamas di Palestina dengan melakukan analisis terhadap unsur Pasal 51 Piagam PBB, serta juga berdasarkan kasus yang pernah terjadi, baik yang diselesaikan melalui ICJ maupun yang terhenti karena kesepakatan bilateral
REKONSTRUKSI PENAFSIRAN WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN FIDUSIA TERHADAP EKSEKUSI PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 18/PUU-XVII/2019
No full textIn financing practices in Indonesia, fiduciary guarantees play a crucial role for both creditors and debtors. However, their implementation often creates inequality because the determination of default is made unilaterally by the creditor. Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 presents a new interpretation that emphasizes justice, legal protection for debtors, and the importance of the judicial process. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of this shift in the interpretation of default on the validity and implementation of fiduciary guarantees in financing practices in Indonesia, as well as to analyze the legal considerations of Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 regarding the validity of execution and legal protection for creditors and debtors. This study uses a normative juridical methodology with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data were collected through a literature review of legal norms, Constitutional Court decisions, scientific doctrines, legal writings, and supplemented with secondary data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Indonesian Financing Companies Association (APPI). The results of the study indicate more specifically that after the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision No. Based on Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019, there was a 35% decrease in reports of disputes over the execution of fiduciary guarantees in district courts during the 2020–2023 period, reflecting increased compliance by financing institutions with the principle of due process of law. Determination of default can no longer be made unilaterally by creditors, but must be done through a fair and proportional legal mechanism. This decision strengthens legal protection for debtors, affirms the principle of due process of law, and requires system adjustments by financing institutions, thus making an important contribution to civil law reform, particularly in the implementation of fairer, more equal, and constitutional fiduciary guarantees in Indonesia.Dalam praktik pembiayaan di Indonesia, jaminan fidusia memiliki peran penting bagi kreditur dan debitur. Namun, pelaksanaan eksekusinya sering menimbulkan ketimpangan karena penetapan wanprestasi dilakukan sepihak oleh kreditur. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 menghadirkan penafsiran baru dengan menekankan keadilan, perlindungan hukum debitur, dan pentingnya proses peradilan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dampak pergeseran penafsiran wanprestasi terhadap keberlakuan dan pelaksanaan jaminan fidusia dalam praktik pembiayaan di Indonesia, serta menganalisis secara yuridis pertimbangan hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 terhadap keabsahan eksekusi dan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur maupun debitur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, doktrin, dan literatur hukum, lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menilai kesesuaian penafsiran wanprestasi dengan prinsip hukum perdata di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 telah mengubah penafsiran hukum tentang wanprestasi dalam perjanjian fidusia. Penetapan wanprestasi tidak lagi dapat dilakukan secara sepihak oleh kreditur, melainkan melalui proses mekanisme hukum yang adil dan proporsional. Putusan ini memperkuat perlindungan hukum debitur, menegaskan prinsip due process of law, dan menuntut penyesuaian sistem oleh lembaga pembiayaan, sehingga memberi kontribusi penting terhadap pembaruan hukum perdata, khususnya dalam pelaksanaan jaminan fidusia yang lebih adil, setara, dan konstitusional di Indonesia
Analyzing Students’ Needs in Developing Tourism Reels as Teaching Media of Writing Descriptive Text
Full text linkThis research aims to develop Instagram Reels as an innovative learning media to enhance students\u27 descriptive text writing skills at SMA N 01 Wiradesa. The research design employed in this study was descriptive qualitative, which focuses on analyzing the phenomenon of teaching writing descriptive texts through the use of Instagram tourism reels. The instruments used in this research include documentation, and questionnaires. Data collection was conducted in several stages. First, the questionnaire was distributed to the participants which consisted of students from SMA N 01 Wiradesa. The responses were measured using a Likert scale, which is commonly used to assess attitudes, perceptions, and opinions in a structured format. Documentation involved analyzing teaching modules, learning materials, and student score lists to support the research objectives. Questionnaires consisted of needs analysis. The needs analysis questionnaire identified students\u27 learning requirements. Data analysis employed qualitative methods using descriptive analysis. The needs analysis revealed that 84% of students frequently use Instagram, highlighting its potential as a learning media. The findings indicate that Instagram Reels is highly needed as an effective and engaging learning media to support students in improving their descriptive text writing skills
The Political Communication Style of Gibran Toward First-Time Generation Z Voters on Social Media: A Framing Analysis of Diction Aligned with Youth Preferences
Full text linkThis research aims to analyze Gibran Rakabuming Raka\u27s political communication style to Generation Z first-time voters on social media with a framing analysis approach. As a young politician, Gibran utilizes platforms such as TikTok and Instagram to form a more casual, familiar, and relatable political image for young people. Through the use of popular diction such as "bro," "santuy," and "gaskeun," Gibran manages to create the impression of a figure close to young people, while still focusing on relevant political issues. The results showed that visual framing strategies and slang proved effective in attracting Generation Z\u27s attention, but also had the risk of reducing politicians\u27 credibility in the eyes of other audiences. In addition, the use of political gimmicks based on humor and popular culture further strengthens the appeal of Gibran\u27s content on social media, as evidenced by the increase in the number of followers and audience engagement during the campaign period. Therefore, Gibran maintains a balance between casual style and data-driven messaging to remain relevant and credible in the eyes of all voter segments