Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan
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Horizontal Building Separation Based on Government Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees in Medan City
No full textThis study examines the implementation of the horizontal separation principle in the regulation of buildings as objects of fiduciary collateral based on Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021, with a study focus on the City of Medan. This principle allows buildings to be used as fiduciary collateral without having to pledge the land on which the building stands, thus opening up new access to credit facilities. However, the implementation of this principle still faces various obstacles, including low understanding from business actors and financing institutions, as well as limitations in the administrative system and socialization of regulations. The results of the study show that although the Building Ownership Certificate (SBKBG) has been regulated as the legal basis for fiduciary imposition on buildings, its implementation is still not optimal due to limited supporting infrastructure and technical regulations for implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening socialization, harmonization of regulations, and the readiness of related institutions to ensure legal certainty and the effectiveness of the implementation of the horizontal separation principle in supporting the development of the fiduciary guarantee system. These findings are expected to contribute to the formulation of more inclusive and responsive policies in supporting the property financing sector in Indonesia
National Legal Frameworks and International Challenges of Netflix Regulation: Censorship, Taxation, Cross-Border Licensing
No full textThis study examines the regulatory challenges surrounding Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms such as Netflix within the context of Indonesian law and global regulatory comparisons. Indonesia’s national content censorship system, managed by the Film Censorship Board and the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, continues to apply a preventive and normative pre-censorship paradigm. This approach creates tension with the principle of self-regulation implemented globally by Netflix, resulting in legal uncertainty and limited content access for Indonesian users. In the fiscal domain, the implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) on foreign digital services aims to ensure tax fairness, yet the application of Personal Income Tax (PIT) remains problematic due to the absence of physical presence (Permanent Establishment) and the non-implementation of the Significant Economic Presence (SEP) concept. Meanwhile, issues related to cross-border licensing highlight the complexity of copyright protection and cross-border content distribution. Indonesia continues to emphasize territorial restrictions in line with the Berne Convention and lacks regional harmonization similar to the European Union’s Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). This study concludes that Indonesia needs to develop co-regulation mechanisms and strengthen an adaptive digital legal framework to safeguard cultural values without hindering freedom of expression or the competitiveness of the national digital economy.This research examines the regulatory challenges of Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms like Netflix within the context of Indonesian law and global comparisons. The national content censorship system managed by the Film Censorship Institute (LSF) and the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kominfo) still employs a pre-censorship paradigm that is both preventive and normative. This approach creates tension with the self-regulation principle implemented by Netflix globally, thus creating legal uncertainty and limited content access for users in Indonesia. In the fiscal aspect, the Value Added Tax (VAT) policy on foreign digital services has been implemented to ensure fiscal fairness, but the implementation of Income Tax (PPh) still faces obstacles due to the lack of a physical presence (Permanent Establishment) and the non-implementation of the Significant Economic Presence (SEP) concept. On the other hand, the issue of cross-border licensing emphasizes the complexity of copyright protection and cross-border content distribution, where Indonesia still emphasizes territorial restrictions as per the Berne Convention and does not yet have regional harmonization like the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) model in the European Union. This study concludes that Indonesia needs to develop a co-regulation mechanism and strengthen an adaptive digital legal framework to be able to maintain the sovereignty of cultural values without hindering freedom of expression and the competitiveness of the national digital economy
Outsourcing Labor Within the Legal Framework of Employment Relations
No full textPositive impacts of national development progress include the growth and development of economic activity centers, resulting in the establishment of new industrial centers and providing employment opportunities for the community. The legal framework for employment relations between outsourced workers and parties in the labor sector is regulated by Pancasila Industrial Relations (hereinafter abbreviated as HIP). HIP is an industrial relationship based on the manifestation of all the principles of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution (hereinafter abbreviated as UUD 1945), and develops in accordance with the character of the Indonesian nation. Meanwhile, industrial relations refers to all types of employment relationships between employers and employees, both at the regional and national company levels, relating to socio-economic matters such as wages, working hours, working conditions, employment relations, and so on. Employment relations serve as a basis for parties to protect their respective interests and avoid discriminatory practices and human rights violations during the organizational process to achieve company goals. Outsourced labor practices related to employment relations are frequently discussed and debated among various groups. This is directly related to companies\u27 efforts to reduce costs related to human resource utilization and their responsibility to provide legal protection for workers in the employment relationship. The employment relationship between workers and companies in outsourcing practices must reflect legal protection for workers, as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution: to protect the entire Indonesian nation and its entire homeland and to advance general welfare based on Pancasila to achieve social justice for all Indonesians. Although outsourcing is limited to specific fields, it is widespread in companies\u27 core businesses. Therefore, the government\u27s role is crucial in ensuring that workers\u27 rights within an employment relationship are fulfilled in accordance with applicable laws
NOTARY PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY IN REPORTING SUSPECTED MONEY LAUNDERING CRIMES UNDER INDONESIAN LAW
No full textMoney laundering is a serious crime that threatens the integrity of Indonesia\u27s legal and financial systems. In practice, notaries, as public officials authorized to draw up authentic deeds, are often in a strategic position that can potentially be exploited as a means of money laundering. Therefore, notaries are burdened with the responsibility of reporting suspected money laundering crimes as part of the regime for the prevention and eradication of money laundering crimes. This study aims to analyze the form of notary responsibility in reporting suspected money laundering crimes and their legal implications according to Indonesian law. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach. The legal materials used include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the responsibilities of notaries in reporting suspected money laundering crimes have been regulated in various laws and regulations, but still raise normative issues, particularly regarding the limits of reporting obligations, the principle of professional secrecy, and legal certainty and protection for notaries. Therefore, regulatory clarity and synchronization of regulations are needed to ensure the effective implementation of notaries\u27 responsibilities without neglecting the principles of prudence and legal protection.Money laundering is a serious crime that threatens the integrity of Indonesia\u27s legal and financial systems. In practice, notaries, as public officials authorized to draw up authentic deeds, are often in a strategic position that can potentially be exploited as a means of money laundering. Therefore, notaries are burdened with the responsibility of reporting suspected money laundering crimes as part of the regime for the prevention and eradication of money laundering crimes. This study aims to analyze the form of notary responsibility in reporting suspected money laundering crimes and their legal implications according to Indonesian law. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach. The legal materials used include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the responsibilities of notaries in reporting suspected money laundering crimes have been regulated in various laws and regulations, but still raise normative issues, particularly regarding the limits of reporting obligations, the principle of professional secrecy, and legal certainty and protection for notaries. Therefore, regulatory clarity and synchronization of regulations are needed to ensure the effective implementation of notaries\u27 responsibilities without neglecting the principles of prudence and legal protection
Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Media Tanam dan Waktu Perendaman Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kualitas Tanaman Kecambah Kacang Hijau (Tauge) (Vigna radiata L.): The Effect of Various Types Of Growing Media and Seed Soaking Time on the Growth and Quality of Green Bean Sprouts (Tauge) (Vigna Radiata L.)
No full textTauge merupakan jenis sayuran yang dihasilkan dari proses perkecambahan biji kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Tauge kacang hijau banyak dikonsumsi karena harganya terjangkau dan mudah ditemukan. Tauge memiliki kandungan gizi berupa vitamin A, B1, B6, C dan E, protein, kalsium dan lainnya. Agar kebutuhan konsumsi terpenuhi, produksi tauge harus ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh media tanam dan waktu perendaman benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas tanaman tauge. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2025 di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor yang diteliti dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah media tanam (M) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu : M0 = tanah, M1 = Kapas, M2 = Kain flanel, M3 = Tisu. Faktor kedua adalah waktu perendaman benih (P) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: P0 = 0 jam, P1 = 6 jam, P2 = 12 jam, P3= 18 jam. Parameter pengamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah persentase daya perkecambahan (%), tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (cm), jumlah daun (helai), bobot basah (g), kualitas visual. Kombinasi perlakuan yang memberikan hasil terbaik adalah media tanam kain flanel dan perendaman benih 18 jam (M2P3) yang menghasilkan tauge dengan perkecambahan 100%, tinggi 5,87 cm, berdiameter batang 2,93 mm, bobot basah 4,87 gram/10 tauge, berbentuk lurus, berwarna putih bersih, teksturnya renyah dan beraroma segar. Interaksi antara media tanam dan waktu perendaman benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas tanaman kecambah kacang hijau (Tauge).
Kata kunci : Tauge, Kacang Hijau, Media Tanam, Perendaman Beni
Pengaruh Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Komersial Dosis Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Panjang Mutlak Ikan Rasbora Galaxy (Danio Margaritatus)
No full text
Rasbora galaxy (Danio margaritatus) is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that has a high economic value and is in great demand in the international market. This fish is included in the omnivorous animal group and can consume natural feed and commercial feed. Commercial feed has the advantage of being able to be designed with a nutritional formulation according to the needs of the type and age of the fish. Among the important factors in feeding management is the dose of feed. Feeding with low or high doses both have a negative effect on the absolute length growth of rasbora galaxy fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing commercial feed with different doses on the absolute length growth of rasbora galaxy fish (Danio margaritatus) measuring 1.5-2 cm in experimental tanks. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment in this study was the provision of commercial feed with different doses. Treatment A; 2% of the weight of the test animal biomass, treatment B; 3% of the weight of the test animal biomass, treatment C; 4% of the weight of the biomass of the test animals, treatment D; 5% of the weight of the biomass of the test animals and treatment E; 6% of the weight of the biomass of the test animals. The test animals used 1.5-2 cm galaxy rasbora fish with an average weight of 0.5 g/tail. The stocking density was 2 fish/liter, the experimental media used fresh water with a volume of 3 liters/tub. The results showed that treatment C gave the best results for the absolute length growth galaxy rasbora fish of 0.74 cm/tail. Water quality data obtained water temperature ranged from 26.8 - 27.8 0C, acidity levels ranged from 6.9 - 7.1 and dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.29-5.69 ppm.
Rasbora galaxy (Danio margaritatus) termasuk jenis ikan hias air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis cukup tinggi dan sangat diminati di pasar internasional. Ikan tersebut termasuk golongan hewan omnivora dan dapat mengkonsumsi pakan alami dan pakan komersial. Pakan komersial memiliki kelebihan dapat dirancang dengan formulasi nutrisi sesuai dengan kebutuhan jenis dan umur ikan. Diantara faktor penting dalam manajemen pemberian pakan adalah dosis pakan. Pemberian pakan dengan dosis rendah maupun tinggi sama-sama berpengaruh kurang baik terhadap pertumbuhan panjang mutlak ikan rasbora galaxy. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan komersial dengan dosis berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan panjang mutlak ikan rasbora galaxy (Danio margaritatus) ukuran 1,5-2 cm di bak-bak percobaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri 5 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini berupa pemberian pakan komersial dengan dosis yang berbeda. Perlakuan A ; 2% dari berat biomas hewan uji, perlakuan B ; 3% dari berat biomas hewan uji, perlakuan C ; 4% dari berat biomas hewan uji, perlakuan D ; 5% dari berat biomas hewan uji dan perlakuan E ; 6% dari berat biomas hewan uji. Hewan ujinya menggunakan ikan rasbora galaxy ukuran 1,5-2 cm dengan berat rata-rata 0,5 g/ekor. Jumlah padat tebar 2 ekor/liter, media percobaan menggunakan air tawar dengan volume 3 liter/bak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan C memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan panjang mutlak ikan rasbora galaxy sebesar 0,74 cm/ekor. Data kualitas air diperoleh suhu air berkisar 26,8 – 27,8 0C, derajad keasaman berkisar 6,9 – 7,1 dan oksigen terlarut berkisar 5,29-5,69 ppm
Types of Ovitrap Colors Preferred by Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes for Egg Laying in Mokoau Community Health Center Area: Types of Ovitrap Colors Preferred by Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes for Egg Laying in Mokoau Community Health Center Area
No full textDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute viral infection transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, including Southeast Sulawesi Province. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported more than 6.5 million global dengue cases with 6,800 deaths in 2023, while Indonesia recorded over 11,000 cases with nearly 900 deaths. In Kendari City, DHF cases increased again in 2022 with 230 cases and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 2.6%. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of ovitrap colors most preferred by Aedes aegypti for oviposition in the working area of the Mokoau Health Center. This research employed a simple pre-experimental observational design without a control group or randomization, using PDAM water as the ovitrap medium. The study was conducted from July to August 2024 using 60 ovitraps in six colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and black), with 10 units for each color. Ovitraps were installed for one week without position rotation and subsequently collected for egg counting in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to determine differences in the mean number of eggs among color treatments.The results showed that yellow ovitraps had the highest mean number of eggs with 33.8 eggs (27.37%), followed by black 25.10 (20.32%), red 19.00 (15.38%), blue 16.70 (13.52%), green 15.40 (12.47%), and orange 13.50 (10.93%). These findings indicate that ovitrap color influences the oviposition behavior of Aedes aegypti, with yellow providing the greatest visual attraction and effectiveness in capturing eggs. It can be concluded that yellow ovitraps are the most effective option for supporting vector control programs, and further studies are recommended to evaluate their performance under different environmental conditionsDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a dangerous infectious disease that can cause death in a short period. Despite efforts to eradicate mosquitoes, vector control, such as the use of Ovitraps, which are effective in reducing the Aedes aegypti mosquito population, has become a primary focus. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Ovitrap colors most preferred by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for laying eggs in the working area of the Mokoau Health Center.
This research used a pre-experimental method with an observational design to evaluate the preference of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in laying their eggs in Ovitraps of various colors, using tap water (PDAM water) as the medium. The study was conducted in the working area of the Mokoau Health Center from July to August 2024. The population and sample of the study consisted of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that laid eggs in Ovitraps painted red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and black, with 10 Ovitraps of each color. Data were collected by installing Ovitraps in the study area. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to present the observations, complemented by a normality test to determine whether the data distribution was normal or not.
The results of this study indicate that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have several color preferences for laying eggs, including black, red, blue, green, and orange. Based on the analysis conducted, the mosquitoes laid the most eggs in yellow-colored Ovitraps, with an average of 33.8 eggs (27.37%). This was followed by black Ovitraps with an average of
25.10 eggs (20.32%), red Ovitraps with an average of 19.00 eggs (15.38%), blue Ovitraps with an average of 16.70 eggs (13.52%), green Ovitraps with an average of 15.40 eggs (12.47%), and orange Ovitraps with an average of 13.50 eggs (10.93%). These findings highlight that the choice of Ovitrap color can influence the effectiveness of mosquito egg capture, with yellow offering greater attraction and being a more effective option in controlling the Aedes aegypti population.
Keywords: Ovitrap, Aedes aegypti, Mokoau Health Cente
The Relationship between Knowledge, Social Media and Religioosity and Premarital Sexual Behavior in Adolescents at SMK 1 Yapenda, Kedungwuni, Pekalongan
No full textABSTRAC
Background: Adolescence begins with puberty, which is a time when physical and physiological changes occur, resulting in perceptions and attraction to the opposite sex, which can give rise to sexual urges. Sexual behavior is any behavior that is driven by sexual desire, whether with the opposite sex or the same sex. Pre marriage sexual behavior among teenagers in Indonesia is very concerning and can have negative impacts such as pregnancy, abortion and IMS. Several influencing factors is knowledge, social media and religiosity.
Objective: To determine the correlation between knowledge, social media, religiosity and pre marriage sexual behavior in adolescents at SMK Yapenda 1 Kedungwuni, Pekalongan Regency.
Methods: The quantitative descriptive correlational research method with a cross-sectional approach. Using a questionnaire
instrument. The sample used was 82 students in grades X and XI. Data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank test.
Results: The results of the Spearman Rank test showed that there was a correlation between knowledge and premarital sexual behavior in adolescents with a p-value of 0.041 <0.05. There was a correlation between social media and pre mariage sexual behavior in adolescents with a p-value of 0.013 < 0.05. There was no correlation between religiosity and pre marriage sexual behavior in adolescents with a p-value of 0.238 > 0.005. Conclusion: There is a correlation between knowledge and social media towards pre marriage sexual behavior in adolescents. There is no correlation between religiosity towards pre marriage sexual behavior in adolescents
Juridical Study of the Supervisory Authority over the Implementation of Nagari Customs and Culture by Traditional Nagari Communities in West Sumatra Province
No full textIn Article 18B paragraph (2) of the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, it is stated that "the State recognizes and respects customary law community units and their traditional rights as long as they are still alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which are regulated in law." In 2018, West Sumatra Province established West Sumatra Province Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2018 concerning Nagari. Problem formulation: 1) What are the consequences of the authority of the Nagari Traditional Council (KAN) after the enactment of West Sumatra Province Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2018 concerning Nagari in West Sumatra Province? 2) What are the legal impacts of supervisory authority on the implementation of nagari customs and culture by the Nagari Traditional Council in West Sumatra Province? The type of research used is normative legal research, using secondary data sources consisting of Primary Legal Materials and Secondary Legal Materials, data collection techniques using document studies, the data is then analyzed using qualitative analysis. Research Results and discussion: 1) Based on the provisions in Article 5 of the West Sumatra Province Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2018 concerning Nagari, the Nagari Institution consists of: a. Nagari Traditional Density; b. Nagari Government; and c. The Nagari Customary Court, one of the authorities of the Nagari Customary Court is: Supervising the Implementation of Nagari Customs and Culture. 2) In the provisions of Article 17 of West Sumatra Province Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2018 concerning Nagari, it states that: The Governor carries out general guidance and supervision over Nagari in the administration of government based on Customary Law.
Keywords: Supervision, Authority, Nagari Community.Dalam Pasal 18B ayat (2) Amandemen UUD 1945 menyebutkan ”Negara mengakui dan menghormati kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat beserta hak-hak tradisionalnya sepanjang masih hidup dan sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat dan prinsip Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, yang diatur dalam undang-undang”. Pada tahun 2018 Provinsi Sumatera Barat menetapkan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 Tentang Nagari. Rumusan masalah: 1) Bagaimanakah konsekuensi kewenangan Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) setelah berlakunya Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 tentang Nagari di Provinsi Sumatera Barat? 2) Apa saja dampak hukum kewenangan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan adat istiadat dan budaya nagari oleh Kerapatan Adat Nagari di Provinsi Sumatera Barat? Jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan penelitian hukum normatif, menggunakan sumber data Sekunder yang terdiri dari Bahan Hukum Primer dan Bahan Hukum Sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi dokumen, data kemudian dianalisa secara analisis kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian dan pembahasan: 1) Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 5 Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 tentang Nagari, Kelembagaan Nagari terdiri atas: a. Kerapatan Adat Nagari; b. Pemerintah Nagari; dan c. Peradilan Adat Nagari, salah satu kewenangan Kerapatan Adat Nagari adalah: Melakukan pengawasan Terhadap Pelaksanaan Adat Istiadat Dan Budaya Nagari. 2) Dalam ketentuan Pasal 17 Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 Tentang Nagari, menyatakan bahwa: Gubernur melakukan pembinaan dan pengawasan umum terhadap Nagari dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan berdasarkan Hukum Adat.
Kata Kunci: Pengawasan, Kewenangan, Masyarakat Nagari
PROBLEMATIKA UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA MENYERANG KEHORMATAN DAN NAMA BAIK DIKAITKAN DENGAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM
No full textDefamation through electronic media has become an increasingly complex issue amid the rapid development of information technology. Social media facilitates information dissemination but also opens opportunities for the misuse of freedom of expression that may harm others. Article 27A of Law Number 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law) has sparked debate due to its ambiguous wording and potential misuse to suppress legitimate criticism. This research employs a normative juridical method by analyzing relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. Secondary data were obtained through literature studies and qualitatively analyzed to assess the legal certainty and compatibility of Article 27A with human rights principles, particularly freedom of expression. The findings indicate that Article 27A of the EIT Law remains weak both in its drafting and implementation, especially regarding the phrase "another person," which creates ambiguity and may criminalize public criticism. Such provisions risk being used as a tool of criminalization, contradicting the principle of legal certainty and democratic values guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, a more precise interpretation and revision of Article 27A are necessary to ensure consistency with the principles of legality, legal certainty, and the protection of freedom of expression.
.Pencemaran nama baik melalui media elektronik menjadi isu yang semakin kompleks seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi. Kehadiran media sosial telah mempermudah penyebaran informasi, namun juga membuka ruang bagi penyalahgunaan kebebasan berekspresi yang dapat merugikan pihak lain. Salah satu bentuk tantangan hukum yang muncul adalah ketentuan Pasal 27A dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 yang mengatur tentang tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik melalui sistem elektronik. Pasal ini dinilai multitafsir dan berpotensi disalahgunakan untuk membatasi kritik atau ekspresi sah warga negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif, dengan menitikberatkan pada analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan yang relevan. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi literatur dan dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menelaah sejauh mana Pasal 27A UU ITE memberikan kepastian hukum serta sejalan dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia, khususnya hak atas kebebasan berpendapat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 27A UU ITE, meskipun bertujuan melindungi kehormatan dan nama baik seseorang, masih mengandung kelemahan dari aspek redaksional dan implementatif. Istilah “orang lain” dalam pasal tersebut menimbulkan ambiguitas dan dapat menjerat siapa pun, termasuk mereka yang menyuarakan kepentingan publik. Dalam beberapa kasus, pasal ini terbukti menjadi alat kriminalisasi terhadap kritik yang sah. Hal ini bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum dan semangat demokrasi sebagaimana dijamin dalam UUD 1945. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan revisi dan penafsiran yang lebih ketat terhadap Pasal 27A UU ITE agar sejalan dengan prinsip legalitas, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan terhadap kebebasan berpendapat. Harmonisasi antara UU ITE dan KUHP menjadi langkah penting untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan hukum serta menciptakan perlindungan hukum yang adil dan seimbang bagi seluruh warga negara