Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan
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Reconstructing The Concept Of Unlawful Acts To Address The Challenges Of Modern Civil Disputes
No full textTort, or Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH), is a fundamental pillar in Indonesia’s civil law system as it serves as the basis for awarding compensation to injured parties. Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code stipulates that anyone who commits an unlawful act causing harm to another is obliged to provide compensation. While this classical formulation was once considered sufficient, the rapid transformation of society and technology has given rise to new forms of disputes that are not fully addressed under the traditional PMH framework. Issues such as personal data breaches, online defamation, fraudulent electronic transactions, and the misuse of intellectual property demonstrate the limitations of the conventional doctrine in addressing contemporary civil disputes. This article aims to explore the necessity of reconstructing the PMH concept to make it more adaptive and responsive to modern challenges. The study employs a normative juridical approach by examining statutory provisions, court decisions, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly works. The analysis also includes a comparative perspective with tort law in common law jurisdictions, which generally shows greater flexibility in meeting societal needs. Findings highlight the importance of redefining the scope of “unlawful acts,” incorporating restorative justice principles, and applying standards of due diligence in the digital contex
Evaluating Indonesia\u27s De-Radicalization Program: A Non-Punitive Approach to Countering Terrorism
No full textThe most significant bombing incident in Indonesia was in Bali in 2002, resulting in the deaths of 202 individuals. After the bombing attack, Indonesia enacted Law Number 15 of 2003 about the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. This Law exclusively governs criminal consequences, omitting other forms of penalties expressly targeting offenders of terrorism. The objective of this research is to identify alternative forms of sanctions that may be imposed on future perpetrators of terrorism. This research employs a normative methodology, utilizing both primary and secondary materials about legal rules concerning the eradication of terrorist criminal activities.Furthermore, it employs many legal methodologies, specifically the statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicated that deradicalization in Indonesia is critically necessary through the imposition of sanctions that must be enforced on terrorists in the future. Current deradicalization is not a punitive measure imposed on terrorists; instead, it seeks to eradicate their radical ideologies.
Business Law Futurism: Between Market Rationality and Human
No full textThe rise of digital technologies has brought substantial changes to the way business is conducted, regulated, and understood. As companies increasingly rely on algorithmic systems, data-driven decisions, and platform-based markets, business law is pushed to evolve beyond its conventional functions. Yet, these rapid changes also reveal a growing gap: while market efficiency continues to advance, the ethical and human dimensions of law risk being overshadowed. This study explores how business law can remain relevant and principled in the midst of these shifts, especially when technological progress challenges long standing legal assumptions about responsibility, fairness, and accountability.
In today’s digital economy, legal norms no longer operate solely through state regulation. Instead, they intersect with platform rules, automated systems, and global standards that influence behaviour as strongly as formal law—sometimes even more. This blending of authorities creates real uncertainty: Who is accountable when algorithms decide outcomes? How can ethical considerations be upheld when market logic prioritises speed over reflection? These questions underline the need for a more grounded understanding of how law should respond to technological acceleration.
This article argues that the future strength of business law lies in restoring its ethical orientation while still embracing innovation. Law must continue to protect human dignity, ensure fairness, and maintain transparency, even as markets demand efficiency. Rather than treating technology as something that diminishes the role of law, this study views law as a guide that should shape the direction of technological development. By strengthening its moral foundation, business law can adapt to digital transformation without losing its core purpose. Ultimately, the article emphasises that progress should not come at the cost of justice, and that a human-centred legal system remains essential in navigating the complexities of modern economic life
Efektivitas Anestesi Dengan Penambah Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) dalam Media Untuk Transportasi Basah Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textBandotan leaves have the potential to be used as a natural anaesthetic for fish transportation. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and optimal concentration of bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) on the survival of tilapia during wet transportation. This study employed a completely randomised design (CRD) with four treatments of bandotan leaf extract: P0 (Control), P1 (250 mg/3L), P2 (300 mg/3L), and P3 (350 mg/3L), each repeated three times. The test subjects were tilapia fingerlings transported in a wet transport system for 6 hours. The optimal dose of bendotan leaf extract was found to be P1 (250 mg/3L) with an induction time of 40 minutes, a recovery time of 5.5 hours, and a survival rate (SR) of 98.04±3.39%. Water quality during transport was within tolerable conditions for tilapia, with temperature ranging from 26–27.2 °C, pH from 7.43–7.66, and dissolved oxygen (DO) from 0.7–1.2 mg/L.
Keywords: anaesthesia, bandotan leaves, tilapia, survival rate, wet transport
Daun bandotan berpotensi sebagai bahan anestesi alami yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk transpotasi ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui efektivitas dan nilai konsentrasi yang tepat ekstrak daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) terhadap kelangsunga hidup ikan nila dalam transportasi sistem basah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan ekstrak daun bendotan yaitu P0 (Kontrol), P1 (250 mg/3L), P2 (300 mg/3L), dan P3 (350 mg/3L) yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan. Hewan uji menggunakan benih ikan nila yang diangkut dalam transportasi sistem basah selama 6 jam perjalanan. Dosis terbaik ekstrak duan bandotan yang dihasilkan yaitu pada P1 (250 mg/3L) dengan waktu induksi selama 40 menit, waktu sadar 5,5 jam dengan nilai SR 98.04±3.39%. Kualitas air media selama perjalanan dalam kondisi yang dapat ditolerasi ikan nila seperti suhu 26 – 27.2 °C, pH 7.43 – 7.66, dan DO 0.7 – 1.2 mg/L.
Kata kunci: anestesi, daun bandotan, ikan nila, survival rate, transportasi basa
Exploring the Nexus of ESG, Family Firms, and Financial Risk in Indonesia
No full textThis study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and family ownership on financial risk. While existing literature offers mixed evidence on how ESG affects financial risk, it remains unclear whether family-owned firms known for their long-term orientation and socioemotional wealth goals, which align closely with ESG principles are better able to mitigate financial risk. To address this gap, we introduce a novel framework that incorporates family ownership into the analysis of the ESG–financial risk relationship, with a particular focus on Indonesian firms. Using a fixed‑effects model, panel regression on 462 firm‑year observations, we find that stronger ESG performance is associated with lower financial risk. However, our investigation results show that family ownership is not correlated with financial risk, while also reinforcing our finding that family ownership unable to moderate the relationship between ESG and financial risk. This finding will help investors and portfolio managers evaluate how ESG, ESG controversies, and ownership structure influence a firm’s financial risk, and will assist them in making better investment decisions
Development of Interactive Learning Media: Context-Based E-Book APK and E-LKPD LiveWorksheets to Improve Students Mathematical Literacy
No full textThe lack of interactive learning media integrating digital technology and contextual models contributes to low mathematical literacy in Indonesia. This study aims to develop interactive media in the form of an Android-based E-Book (APK) and Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) via Live Worksheets using a contextual approach. Following the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), research was conducted with tenth-grade students at MA Ma\u27arif Walisongo Kedungwuni. Data were gathered using validation sheets for 8 experts (3 lecturers, 5 teachers) and student questionnaires, then analyzed quantitatively. Results indicate the media is "highly valid" with an average validation score of 4.3. Implementation results showed high practicality, achieving a student response score of 4.3 (very practical). The media effectively engages students in learning arithmetic sequences through real-world contexts. This research contributes to providing contextual digital learning tools that support the Merdeka Curriculum implementation
ABSTRAK
Minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif yang mengintegrasikan teknologi digital dan model pembelajaran kontekstual dalam pembelajaran matematika menjadi salah satu penyebab rendahnya literasi matematis siswa di Indonesia. Padahal, era digital menuntut pembelajaran yang inovatif, kontekstual, dan mudah diakses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berupa E-Book berbasis aplikasi (.apk) dan E-LKPD berbasis LiveWorksheets dengan pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual untuk meningkatkan literasi matematis siswa yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi 5 tahapan: analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian adalah 11 siswa kelas X MA Ma’arif Walisongo Kedungwuni. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar validasi ahli media dan materi serta angket respon siswa. Hasil validasi materi dengan skala Likert memperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 4,3 dengan kategori sangat valid, hasil validasi materi memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,3 dengan kategori sangat valid, dan hasil kepraktisan pada respon siswa memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,3 dengan kategori sangat praktis. Dengan demikian, pengembangan media pembelajaran interaktif E-Book APK dengan menggunakan kodular dan E-LKPD berbantuan LiveWorksheets berbasis kontekstual untuk meningkatkan literasi matematis siswa dinyatakan valid dan praktis digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika.
Kata Kunci: E-Book APK, E-LKPD, Kontekstual, Literasi Matematis, LiveWorksheets
Standard Agreements and Legal Protection Customers of Financial Service Institutions
Get PDFIn carrying out its business activities, Financial Services Institutions carry out civil legal relations with the parties, and this is formalized in the form of a written agreement. This research analyzes how regulations are regulated in statutory regulations regarding standard agreements between customers and Financial Services Institutions and the extent of legal protection for customers of the Financial Services Institutions in question. The research carried out is normative juridical, using secondary data consisting of primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations, supported by secondary legal materials in the form of books, literature, and legal journals. The research results show that the use of standard agreements is a common practice for Financial Services Institutions today. Not only is the standard agreement design formatted according to the interests of the Financial Services Institution as the more dominant party in the agreement, but it also contains extenuating clauses that burden other parties in the agreement. From the research results, it was concluded that customers\u27 rights were more disadvantaged due to standard agreements made by Financial Services Institutions. In addition, standard agreements that contain exemption clauses give rise to legal consequences for customers, namely that the responsibility that should be borne by the Financial Services Institution changes to become the responsibility of the customer
Studi Kasus : Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Kondisi Drop Foot Dekstra dengan Modalitas Electrical Stimulation (ES) dan Terapi Latihan
Get PDFDrop Foot merupakan kondisi dimana pasien tidak mampu mengangkat kaki depan karena kelemahan otot dorso fleksor kaki yang diakibatkan kerusakan / cedera pada saraf perifer peroneal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Kondisi Drop Foot Dekstra Dengan Modalitas Electrical Stimulation (ES) dan Terapi Latihan. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD dr. Soeselo Slawi Kabupaten Tegal dengan metode deskriptif analitik pada pasien dengan kondisi drop foot. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan autoanamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik. Problematika fisioterapi yaitu adanya nyeri, spasme, atrofi otot, penurunan lingkup gerak sendi, penurunan kekuatan otot, dan penurunan aktivitas fungsional. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari pemeriksaan nyeri dengan Visual Analogue Scale, spasme otot dengan palpasi, lingkup gerak sendi dengan goniometer, kekuatan otot dengan Manual Muscle Test dan aktivitas fungsional dengan Foot Ankle Disability Index. Setelah dilakukan terapi 1 hingga terapi ke 4 terdapat penurunan nyeri dari T1 = nyeri diam 0, nyeri tekan 3, nyeri gerak 2 hingga T4 = nyeri diam 0, nyeri tekan 2, nyeri gerak 1. Penurunan spasme otot dari T1 = 1 hingga T4 = 1. Peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi dari T1 = Sa = 40º-0º-20º dan T4 = Sa = 45º-0º-20º. Peningkatan aktivitas fungsional dari T1 = 61,53% hingga T4 = 63%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian electrical stimulation (ES) dan terapi latihan dapat menurunkan nyeri, meningkatan lingkup gerak sendi ankle, meningkatan kekuatan otot dan meningkatan aktivitas fungsional
Reconstruction Of Intellectual Property Rights Protection Policy In Indonesia From A Progressive Law Perspective
No full textIntellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection in Indonesia continues to face significant challenges regarding its effectiveness, accessibility, and alignment with the country\u27s socio-cultural realities. Many IPR regulations are modeled on international legal frameworks that often lack contextual relevance to local needs particularly those of indigenous communities, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and traditional artists. This disconnect reveals the insufficient role of the state in ensuring substantive justice across all layers of society. This study seeks to critically assess IPR protection policies through the lens of progressive legal theory a framework introduced by Satjipto Rahardjo, which posits that law should serve social justice and be responsive to societal dynamics. By employing both normative-juridical and sociological methods, this research underscores the urgent need to reconstruct IPR policies so that they go beyond formal legal protection and function as tools for empowering local creative sectors. The findings indicate that a just and equitable IPR protection system must integrally account for social, economic, and cultural dimensions. Progressive law offers a foundational approach for designing policies that are inclusive and responsive to the lived realities of the Indonesian people. Therefore, the reconstruction of IPR policy is not only a legal necessity but also a moral imperative in creating a legal system that is liberating, human-centered, and socially just
Anarkhisme sebagai Gejala Sosial
No full textThe situation of anarchism in Indonesia is a result of a conflict between state law and living law and is due to social, economic, and political inequality. This study seeks to understand anarchism, not only as a criminal act, but as a socio-legal condition consisting of a structural complaint and a crisis of legal legitimacy. To understand how state law, living law, and social order interconnect to cause the oppressed to act anarchistically, the study uses empirical legal research along with a socio-legal approach and legal literature research. The results of the study show social inequality coupled with arbitrary law enforcement results in a loss of legal legitimacy which arguably weakens the law and transforms it into a tool of oppression rather than a tool of justice. Thus, people’s resistance to structural injustices is expressed in the form of legal defiance. An enhanced model of legal responsiveness is warranted which consists of participative regulatory adjustments, the integration of restorative justice, the broadening of justice system gates, oversight of economic policy, and the digital revolution. The system change, to comply with the demands of justice and social order, places the consolidation of a responsive legal system, and not a repressive one, as a necessity of legal and socio-political order.Fenomena anarkhisme di Indonesia merefleksikan ketidakharmonisan antara state law (hukum negara) dengan living law (hukum yang hidup di masyarakat). Kesenjangan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang tidak diatasi secara adil memicu krisis legitimasi hukum, sehingga hukum dipersepsikan hanya sebagai instrumen kekuasaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan socio-legal dan studi kepustakaan untuk menganalisis interaksi antara hukum negara, hukum yang hidup di masyarakat, dan norma sosial dalam membentuk dinamika anarkhisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anarkhisme muncul bukan sekadar tindakan kriminal, melainkan gejala sosial akibat ketidakpuasan struktural. Untuk itu, model adaptasi hukum yang responsif diperlukan melalui reformasi regulasi partisipatif, integrasi keadilan restoratif, penguatan akses terhadap keadilan, pengawasan kebijakan ekonomi, serta hukum yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan digital. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa transformasi hukum Indonesia dari pola represif menuju hukum responsif merupakan keharusan normatif sekaligus kebutuhan praktis untuk mereduksi potensi anarkhisme dan menjaga stabilitas sosial