13251 research outputs found
Sort by
Sex Differences in Communication During Times of Conflict
No full textAlthough current research indicates small effect sizes with sex differences in communication and some believe gender and culture to be the primary influence of conflict communication style, i.e., abstraction and perception, emotional talk, conflict management styles, capacity to empathize, and argumentativeness style, sex may be more responsible because of the biological properties of brain function and hormone effect. This research intends to compare male and female perceptual and behavioral reactions during communication in conflict. The measure of sex (i.e., the biological difference between men and women) in communication during conflict is used for this study. To ensure a homogeneous sample with respect to certain demographic variables, students in a public speaking course from a large Midwest university served as subjects for the study; 161 undergraduate students, 80 identified as male, 79 identified as female, and 2 missing. They were given an online survey for extra credit. The Institutional Review Board approved the survey distributed. The survey consists of five demographic items, twenty-two Likert scale questions about gender, twenty Likert scale questions about conflict style, and four Likert Scale questions about meaning coding in conflict situations. Using an Independent T-test, the results showed no significant difference between the two sexes and their perception of messages during conflict
Ethnic Enclosure and Perception of Discrimination Among Korean and Polish Immigrants
No full textObjectives: This study examined the impact of social and economic enclosure on Korean and Polish immigrants’ perceptions of discrimination. Methods: The study was based on a survey of 403 first-generation Korean and Polish immigrants residing in Chicago, Illinois (IL) and its suburban communities. Using multiple regression analyses, we tested associations between social and economic enclosure and the perception of discrimination. Results: Social enclosure was significantly associated with the perception of discrimination among both Korean and Polish immigrants. Compared to their less socially enclosed counterparts, immigrants who were more socially enclosed perceived higher levels of discrimination. Economic enclosure significantly predicted perception of discrimination among Korean immigrants only. Conclusion: The study suggested that ethnic enclosure is not a protective factor from discrimination among these two groups of immigrants; instead, some forms of ethnic enclosure may intensify perception of discrimination from mainstream society
Tuning π-Acceptor/σ-Donor Ratio of the 2-Isocyanoazulene Ligand: Non-Fluorinated Rival of Pentafluorophenyl Isocyanide and Trifluorovinyl Isocyanide Discovered
No full textIsocyanoazulenes (CNAz) constitute a relatively new class of isocyanoarenes that offers rich structural and electronic diversification of the organic isocyanide ligand platform. This article considers a series of 2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene ligands (X = H, Me, CO2Et, Br, and CN) and the corresponding zero-valent complexes thereof, [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)]. Air- and thermally stable, X-ray structurally characterized 2-isocyano-1,3-dimethylazulene may be viewed as a non-benzenoid aromatic congener of 2,6-dimethyphenyl isocyanide (2,6-xylyl isocyanide), a longtime workhorse aryl isocyanide ligand in coordination chemistry. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic {Cr-CNAz bond distances}, cyclic voltametric {E1/2(Cr0/1+)}, 13C NMR {δ(13CN), δ(13CO)}, UV-vis {dπ(Cr) → pπ*(CNAz) Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer}, and FTIR {νN≡C, νC≡O, kC≡O} analyses of the [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)] complexes provided a multifaceted, quantitative assessment of the π-acceptor/σ-donor characteristics of the above five 2-isocyanoazulenes. In particular, the following inverse linear relationships were documented: δ(13COtrans) vs. δ(13CN), δ(13COcis) vs. δ(13CN), and δ(13COtrans) vs. kC≡O,trans force constant. Remarkably, the net electron withdrawing capability of the 2-isocyano-1,3-dicyanoazulene ligand rivals those of perfluorinated isocyanides CNC6F5 and CNC2F3
The Evolutionary Ecology of the African Pancake Tortoise Malacochersus tornieri (Siebenrock 1903): A Review and Synthesis Based Upon Current Knowledge
No full textThe pancake tortoise Malacochersus tornieri (Siebenrock 1903) of East Africa is morphologically, behaviourally and ecologically unique among extant land tortoises of the family Testudinidae. Recent studies suggest it shares a common ancestor with the Indotestudo – Testudo group, but the selective pressures and evolutionary pathway that produced the single extant species, Malacochersus tornieri, are poorly understood. We propose that intense predation pressure and competition initiated the process of change from an ancestral, generalized tortoise form by driving Malacochersus into rocky areas and subsequently rock crevices, where predation and competition were reduced. This change in habitat led to rapid changes in morphology, ecology, and behaviour in order to better adapt to the crevice environment, and to enhance its safety within from predators. These changes in turn led to strict limits to the extent and duration of out-of-crevice activity. The changes in morphology also allowed greater mobility, agility, and speed to enhance safety when tortoises left their crevices to forage, mate, defecate, or colonize new habitats. Padlopers, an extant clade of small, southern African tortoises may provide insight into the pancake tortoise’s ancestral evolution toward its modern form, lifestyle, and reproductive characteristics. Both the pancake tortoise and padlopers also inexplicably display an unusually large amount of anomalous variation in scute and/or shell characteristics
Redefining a Secondary Education Program Through the Use of Service-Learning Field Experiences
No full textTo expand the field component of our secondary education program, we added service-learning field experiences to three courses. This qualitative study (n = 99) was designed to determine what our students learned from participating in these experiences and to examine whether the experiences supported our programmatic goals. The findings demonstrate that students developed an increased awareness of diversity in the local schools and community, they acquired knowledge of strategies for engaging and communicating with parents, they developed a more nuanced understanding of learners, and they improved their foundation of effective pedagogy for English language learners
On the Hamiltonicity of Subgroup Lattices
No full textIn this paper we discuss the Hamiltonicity of the subgroup lattices of
different classes of groups. We provide sufficient conditions for the
Hamiltonicity of the subgroup lattices of cube-free abelian groups. We also
prove the non-Hamiltonicity of the subgroup lattices of dihedral and
dicyclic groups. We disprove a conjecture on non-abelian p-groups by
producing an infinite family of non-abelian p-groups with Hamiltonian
subgroup lattices. Finally, we provide a list of the Hamiltonicity of the
subgroup lattices of every finite group up to order 35 barring two groups
Impacts of an extreme flood on large wood recruitment and transport processes
No full textThis research investigates impacts of an extreme flood on recruitment and transport of large wood (LW) in sub-basins of the North Fork River, Missouri. Data collection took place two months after a \u3e500 year flood to characterize LW conditions before natural recovery processes could obscure impacts. We used sites from previous LW studies in the region as reference to help identify flood impacts. Results showed 1) LW load volumes were no different than reference sites, but individual LW pieces comprised a greater percentage of the total load, 2) a high proportion of pieces at flood-impacted sites contained root wads, 3) transport capacity of the flood-impacted sites was high compared to reference sites, and 4) LW recruitment increased exponentially with flood magnitude. These results suggest that extreme floods have a significant impact on the composition of the LW load, and that geomorphic impacts of such floods may result in enhanced transport capacities. Based on these findings, we present two possible post-flood LW response/recovery scenarios; one in which elevated transport capacity serves to speed system recovery to the pre-flood LW regime, and one in which the enhanced LW piece composition results in a new post-flood LW regime with an enhanced load
Stability Theory of Nonlinear Differential Equations
No full textNonlinear differential equations are often effective tools in modeling some important phenomena in nature. However, most of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation cannot be solved by analytical methods. A more effective way is to explore the prop- erties of critical point and the trajectory around it. In this study, I will focus on sys- tems of autonomous differential equations, linear as well as nonlinear. I will not only focus on the stability of equilibria but also the orbital stability of nonlinear differential equations. I will introduce various approaches to the study of equilibrium points of the system in terms of their stability properties, illustrated by some applied models. The theory and applications show the great power of mathematical analysis
