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Distinct responses of vitis aestivalis norton and vitis vinifera kishmish vatkana to seven viruses revealed by small rna sequencing
No full textGrapevines are frequently infected by multiple viruses. Our previous study showed that Norton grapevine (Vitis aestivalis) is resistant to grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), a DNA virus in the family Caulimoviridae. To study the reaction of Norton to RNA viruses, we transferred seven RNA viruses to Norton from Kishmish Vatkana (KV) (V. vinifera) via graft transmission. We profiled viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) of the seven viruses and compared viral titers in Norton and KV. Total vsRNAs of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, grapevine virus A (GVA), and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) were significantly less abundant in Norton than in KV, but total vsRNAs of grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) were more abundant in Norton than in KV. Total vsRNAs of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) were not different between Norton and KV. Grafting direction of Norton to KV or KV to Norton did not affect the quantity of vsRNAs. The genome coverage of GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GVA vsRNAs was lower in Norton than KV. The 21- and 22-nucleotide classes of vsRNAs were predominant for all seven viruses. Virus quantification by quantitative PCR indicated that GLRaV-1 was undetectable in Norton; GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GVA were less abundant in Norton; and GFkV was more abundant in Norton than in KV. These results demonstrated that Norton grapevine suppresses GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GVA but supports GFkV in comparison with KV. This study revealed new facets of complex molecular interactions between grapevines and multiple viruses
Child Life Specialists\u27 Knowledge and Perception of White Privilege
No full textThis study’s goal was to understand child life specialists’ knowledge and perception of White privilege. The purpose of this study was to examine child life specialists’ understanding of White privilege and to obtain their perspectives on the impact White privilege has on patient- and family-centered care within the hospital setting. Through qualitative interviews, participants defined “White privilege,” shared their perception of “White privilege” and the impact it has on patient- and family-centered care, as well their personal experience with diversity and inclusion training. Additionally, participants created their own personal lists of unearned advantages as an exercise of awareness and acknowledgement of their White privilege. These results provide insight into child life specialists’ knowledge and perception of White privilege. Furthermore, these results call for action within the child life community in order to improve diversity, equity and inclusion for students, professionals, and the patients and families served
The Influence of DSM-5 Mental Disorders and Type of Offense on Perceived Guilt of Offenders
No full textThis study addresses the influence of mental disorder in the perceptions of guilt in offenses by offenders with DSM-V mental disorders. An attitudes survey and vignettes describing combinations of DSM-V disorders and offenses were distributed to 42 participants at Missouri State University, who were then asked to make guilt judgements and rate the magnitude of guilt of the vignette characters. An ANOVA test revealed no significant difference between conditions with mental disorders versus conditions without mental disorders. A regression analysis found significant relationships between guilt ratings and specific mental disorder conditions. Type of mental disorder was concluded to influence the ratings of guilt in offenses committed by offenders with mental illnesses. Future research should examine more DSM-V mental disorders with forensic samples
An Assessment of Inp/Zns as Potential Anti-Cancer Therapy: Quantum Dot Treatment Induces Stress on Hela Cells
No full textIndium Phosphide/Zinc Sulfide (InP/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging option in QD technologies for uses of fluorescent imaging as well as targeted drug and anti-cancer therapies based on their customizable properties. In this study we explored effects of InP/ZnS when treated with HeLa cervical cancer cells. We employed XTT viability assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and apoptosis analysis to better understand cytotoxicity extents at different concentrations of InP/ZnS. In addition, we compared the transcriptome profile from the QDtreated HeLa cells with that of untreated HeLa cells to identify changes to the transcriptome in response to the QD. Intracellular modes of action were illustrated. Our study determined both IC50 concentration of 69 µg/mL and MIC concentration of 167 µg/mL of InP/ZnS. It was observed via XTT assay that cell viability decreased significantly at the MIC. In analysis of median fluorescent intensity (MFI) using ROS assay and flow cytometry, cells positive for producing both superoxide and peroxynitrite increased in intensity compared to the control. Using analysis of apoptosis, we found that induced cell death in the QD-treated samples was shown to be significantly increased when compared to untreated cells. We conclude InP/ZnS QD to decrease cell viability by inducing stress via ROS levels, apoptosis induction, and alteration of transcriptome
External Training Load Monitoring and the Impact on Training Load Management in Collegiate Male Soccer Players
No full textSoccer is a physically demanding sport within the National Collegiate Athletic Association and continuously increases in popularity. To ensure athletes are adequately prepared for weekly physical stressors, coaches can use global positioning system technology to monitor external workloads and exercise intensity. These data can subsequently help coaches and practitioners better implement individualized training programs to ensure athletes are properly balancing the overreaching and overtraining paradigm. Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to retrospectively analyze 3 consecutive seasons of external workload (total and high intensity distance) and injury data, which were derived from all training sessions and matches in 46 Division-I collegiate male soccer players. A coach\u27s interpretation sought to provide practical insight into the functionality behind load management and how it prepares athletes for the physical stressors placed on them throughout a season. Two separate 3 × 3 repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to determine differences between total distance and distance at high-intensity with an alpha level set at 0.05. Total distance between preseason and in-season (p = 0.003), acute high-intensity distance (p \u3c 0.001), and chronic high-intensity distance (p \u3c 0.001) yielded significant differences. These results conclude the demands of each athlete change weekly and between seasons. It is recommended that sport coaches and practitioners develop individualized training programs by workload monitoring while considering variables such as a team\u27s style of play, experience, position, role within a program, training intensity, and the length of time between conditioning sessions, practices, and matches
Adapting Student Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Perspectives and Experiences
No full textElementary student teachers in both a yearlong and one-semester student teaching design were impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenon forced the closure of placement schools and their universities, and drastically changed the roles and responsibilities of student teachers. This qualitative phenomenology study sought to capture and describe the lived experiences through two different student teaching designs and their student teaching coordinators. This manuscript reports findings from analysis of student teacher and student teaching coordinator surveys that describe both beneficial and disappointing preparation experiences, as they navigated the ever-changing educational environment of student teaching during the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lived experiences of these student teachers captured how varying educational learning and teaching experiences were impacted due to the pandemic. Throughout these lived experiences, student teaching coordinators of both student teaching designs became an integral part of the communication chain for student teachers
Freshwater Turtle Community Composition in Strip Pit Lakes on Mined Lands
No full textCreating and managing undeveloped lands is important for the perpetuation of species and communities they comprise, particularly for turtles, which are often impacted by human disturbance and are ill-equipped to adapt to sustained anthropogenic disturbance. Reclaimed land at the site of former surface mining operations often provides a large matrix of wetland, prairie, and woodland habitat that is protected from development. Such sites support robust communities of birds and amphibians, but few investigations have assessed their suitability for aquatic reptiles. To examine their suitability for turtle communities, we surveyed strip pit lakes and naturally occurring lakes at Mined Lands Wildlife Area in southeastern Kansas, USA. Community composition was different between the two classes of wetland due to differences in the abundance of Chelydra serpentina serpentina (Eastern Snapping Turtle), Chrysemys picta bellii (Western Painted Turtle), and Sternotherus odoratus (Eastern Musk Turtle). Catch per unit effort, however, only varied significantly for C. s. serpentina, which were captured at lower rates in strip pits. All other species were at least as abundant in strip pit lakes as in natural lakes, and C. p. bellii were slightly more abundant in strip pits. Sternotherus odoratus were very abundant in a single strip pit lake. Canonical correspondence analysis associated C. s. serpentina with shallow water and high percentage of canopy cover, while C. p. bellii were associated with deep water. Sternotherus odoratus were associated with abundant submerged vegetation; however, habitat features only explained 12% of the variation in species occurrence. Strip pit lakes appear to provide suitable habitat for most of the turtle species encountered, with the notable exception of C. s. serpentina, and may even be preferred over natural oxbows by some species
Transport Properties of Binary and Doped Diborides
No full textA systematic computational study to evaluate the electronic structures and transport properties including resistivity, thermal conductivity of several binary diborides (ZrB2 , TiB2 , TaB2 , CrB2 , and AlB2 ) and the ZrB2 alloyed with Cr, Al, Ti and Ta has been performed. Due to the p-d hybridization, the characteristic pseudo gap at the Fermi energy level (Ef) from the density of states (DOS) is presence in the DOS of both ZrB2 and TiB2 in contrast to those of TaB2 and CrB2 with only a partial occupation on the anti-bonding states. AlB2 is also similarly shown the presence of pseudo gap in its DOS due to the degeneracy of p-bands from Al and B. These characteristic features in electronic structures in turns delineate the thermal conductivity behavior of the diborides and alloyed ZrB2 . I further showed, via the transport property calculations, that a simple additive rule could not necessarily be applied to predict the thermal conductivity of alloyed ZrB2
Simulation and Fabrication of All Oxide-Based ITO/TiO2/CuO/Au Heterostructure for Solar Cell Applications
No full textOxide heterostructures have drawn great attention lately, due to their environment-friendly properties and potential applications in optoelectronic devices. In this work, a simulation study of a heterojunction solar cell was performed with SCAPS (a solar cell simulator) using TiO2 as an n-type and CuO as a p-type layer. The thickness and the dopant-dependent simulations have shown that the solar cell operates at a maximum efficiency of 19.2% when the thickness of the TiO2/CuO layers is chosen 1.4µm/1.2µm compared to the 11.5% efficiency when FTO is replaced with ITO. An indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) vs fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) comparison study was carried out where FTO worked better than ITO as a transparent anode electrode in this structure. Gold worked better as a cathode electrode from a range of metallic elements, and it was observed that efficiency increases with the increase in the metalwork function. Based on the simulation results, the oxide-based heterojunction was fabricated on ITO substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), spin coating, and sputtering techniques. Structural-property correlations were conducted using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical measurements i.e., diode characteristics test with light and without light. The rutile phase of TiO2 was successfully grown on glass, quartz, and ITO to find the best growth parameters for TiO2 film. Same experimental works were carried out for the CuO layer growth where spin coating, PLD, and a combination of both techniques were used and compared. Finally, the cathode layer of gold was deposited by the sputtering technique. The solar cell characterization was performed by the I-V measurement using a standard solar simulator and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Origin, Vesta, and Mercury software were used for data analysis. It was observed that the devices where the CuO layer was PLD grown have more absorbance of the visible light spectrum. Also, the PLD grown samples worked better, showed an efficiency region in the I-V curve, and performed solar characteristics under the visible light spectrum
Rhetorically Speaking: On White Preservice Teachers’ Failure to Imagine an Anti-Racist English Education
No full textPurpose: This paper aims to identify how white preservice teachers’ inability to imagine an equitable space for Black and Brown children contributes to the ubiquity of whiteness in English education. Further, the authors contend that the preservice teachers’ responses mirror how the larger field of English education fails to imagine Black and Brown life. Design/methodology/approach: Using abolitionist teaching as a guide, the authors use reflexive thematic analysis to examine the rhetorical moves their preservice teachers made to defer responsibility for anti-racist teaching. Findings: The findings show preservice teachers’ rhetorical moves across three themes: failure to imagine Black and Brown humanity, failure to imagine a connection between theory and practice, and failure to imagine curriculum and schooling beyond whiteness. Originality/value: By highlighting how preservice teachers fail to imagine spaces for Black and Brown youth, this study offers another pathway through which teacher educators, teachers and English education programs can assist their faculty and students in activating their imaginations in the pursuit of anti-racist, abolitionist teaching