13251 research outputs found
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Establishing Regenerative Pasture Systems Using Management Intensive Grazing in the Ozarks
No full textSoil carbon and soil health are important topics relating to how climate change is impacting agriculture, and how agriculture can in turn impact climate change. The agriculture industry, particularly beef production, has a large opportunity to use conservation agriculture techniques, such as rotational grazing, to offset some of the industry’s impact on carbon emissions, erosion, water pollution, and other environmental issues. This study is the beginning of a long-term project exploring regenerative pasture systems in the Ozarks. The project takes place in a rotational grazing system with 12 paddocks. The objectives of this study are to characterize soil types by paddock and establish baseline values for important soil properties and species distribution and collect GIS data to develop maps to make management decisions. Baseline soil tests were done as well as plant species counts throughout the duration of the study. Data was compiled into map forms using Arcmap
Making their Voices Heard- the Nahua Fight to Secure Agency 1575-1820
No full textThis thesis examines the evolution of the Spanish colonial legal system from 1525-1820 and analyzes the way that the indigenous Nahua people influenced, manipulated, and commanded a powerful conversation with their distant King through interactions with and within the law. By analyzing the extant Spanish colonial legal documents including court records, indigenous codices, land titles, and more, this thesis will attempt to support the theory that the indigenous people in New Spain maneuvered within the many facets of the Spanish legal system to establish themselves as powerful legal actors regaining a significant portion of the freedom taken from them during the Spanish conquest. By taking this revisionist view on the development of Spanish colonial law that focuses on the indigenous influence, the thesis presents the reader with a more comprehensive understanding of colonial development in New Spain; and a more accurate representation of how the indigenous peoples of New Spain transitioned from passive objects of conquest into active Spanish vassals and legal actors shaping, transforming, and adapting Spanish colonial law
Exploring Beliefs and Preferences for Reducing Sedentary Behavior Among Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis or Knee Replacement
No full textObjective: Physical activity has numerous benefits for those with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) or knee replacement, yet many individuals engage in insufficient activity. The purpose of this study was to explore beliefs about sedentary behavior, barriers to standing, and program preferences for adults with symptomatic KOA or knee replacement. Methods: Forty-two individuals ≥50 years with symptomatic KOA or knee replacement completed an online survey assessing current knee pain and function, sitting time, physical activity participation, beliefs about sedentary behavior, and preferences for a sedentary reduction program. Results: Participants indicated barriers to standing were pain, discomfort, or working on a computer. Most participants shared interest to participate in a program to reduce sitting time. Participants chose education, self-monitoring, and activity tracking as most preferable components for an intervention design.Conclusion: Future interventions to reduce sedentary time may utilize these results to tailor programs for those with symptomatic KOA or knee replacement
The Use of Relational Training to Help Children with Autism Learn Emotions in Context: Extending Results with a Case Study
No full textPeople who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with identifying and interpreting emotions and coordinating their facial expressions. This defiency extends to both their own emotions and expressions as well as those of other people. Understanding emotions is important in developing social behaviors such as sharing or empathy. However, researchers have found that emotion recognition training, video modeling, and other procedures have helped children with autism build these skills. Previous research demonstrated a method for teaching the identification of private events of others in context using stimulus equivalence and transformation of stimulus function procedures. The current case study addressed two of the limitations found in previous research by including younger children with more limited verbal skills and testing for generalization to novel stimuli and real-life situations. Results demonstrated an increase in correct responding and some generalization to novel stimuli
Getting Started Creating Data Dictionaries: How to Create a Shareable Data Set
No full textAs researchers embrace open and transparent data sharing, they will need to provide information about their data that effectively helps others understand their data sets’ contents. Without proper documentation, data stored in online repositories such as OSF will often be rendered unfindable and unreadable by other researchers and indexing search engines. Data dictionaries and codebooks provide a wealth of information about variables, data collection, and other important facets of a data set. This information, called metadata, provides key insights into how the data might be further used in research and facilitates search-engine indexing to reach a broader audience of interested parties. This Tutorial first explains terminology and standards relevant to data dictionaries and codebooks. Accompanying information on OSF presents a guided workflow of the entire process from source data (e.g., survey answers on Qualtrics) to an openly shared data set accompanied by a data dictionary or codebook that follows an agreed-upon standard. Finally, we discuss freely available Web applications to assist this process of ensuring that psychology data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable
A Longitudinal Study of Spanish Language Growth and Loss in Young Spanish-English Bilingual Children
No full textThis longitudinal study examined trajectories of Spanish language growth and loss in 34 Spanish-English bilingual children attending an English immersion school. Narrative retell language samples were collected in Spanish across 3 years using wordless, picture storybooks. Digital audio recordings were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for mean length of utterance in words, proportion of grammatical utterances, and moving-average type-token ratio. Code switching into English was also coded at the word level to determine its potential impact on moving-average type-token ratio. Growth curve models were used to estimate the change over time for each outcome measure. The findings indicated that the Spanish-English bilingual participants who attended an English immersion school demonstrated loss of Spanish grammatical and lexical production (as defined by encompassing maintenance and or significant deceleration) from preschool through kindergarten, and that the degree of loss in lexical production was impacted by whether code switching was included or excluded. The findings are discussed in the context of clinical decision-making when assessing the Spanish expressive language abilities of this specific population
Using Population Dynamics to Model Harvest Regulation Impacts to Channel Catfish in the Monongahela River, West Virginia
No full textChannel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus were collected during 2018 and 2019 from the Monongahela River in West Virginia using hoop nets to estimate population dynamics. Length, weight, sex, fecundity, and age data were obtained from collected individuals. Population characteristics (e.g., relative abundance, size structure, age structure, growth, etc.) were modeled under three proposed length limits of 300, 375, and 450 mm. Simulation results indicated that growth overfishing may occur when exploitation rates reach 36% under a 300-mm minimum length limit. Furthermore, recruitment overfishing began to occur at 40% exploitation under a 300-mm minimum length limit. Additionally, simulations suggest that no recruitment or growth overfishing occur at minimum length limits of 375 mm or 450 mm until extremely high exploitation levels (\u3e90%) are reached. Thus, future consideration should be given for implementation of a 375-mm minimum length limit of Channel Catfish in the Monongahela River to prevent growth and recruitment overfishing while also ensuring anglers are still able to harvest Channel Catfish
Innocence in the shadow of COVID-19: Plea decision making during a pandemic.
No full textOver 95% of criminal convictions in the United States are the result of guilty pleas. Consequently, it is critical that we ensure the process of pleading guilty is as free of coercion as possible. Yet, research has indicated that incarcerating defendants to await trial could have an undue influence on their decision to plead guilty. The current research employed a novel computer simulation to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on plea decision making among the innocent and the guilty when faced with potential pretrial detention. While presenting COVID-related information to participants increased both true and false guilty pleas, further analyses indicated that concerns about COVID-19 weighed more heavily on the innocent than the guilty. These findings illustrate the negative impact a pandemic could have in combination with a system of pleas that often allows prosecutors to provide defendants with just one guaranteed respite from jail—a guilty plea. The majority of U.S. jail inmates have not been convicted of crimes, but are instead detained to await their day in court. Detained defendants are particularly likely to accept plea offers to secure immediate release from incarceration. In our study, we found that the added risk of COVID exposure in jail made participant-defendants more likely to plead guilty to avoid pretrial detention, whether they were actually guilty or not. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved
P \u3c .05 is in the Eye of the Beholder: A Response to Beaujean and Farmer (2020)
No full textThe recent commentary by Beaujean and Farmer (2020) on the original paper by Dixon et al. (2019) serves a cautionary tale of selective p-values, the law of small N sizes, and the type-II error. We believe these authors have crafted a somewhat questionable argument in which only 57% of the original Dixon et al. data were re-analyzed, based on a series of assumptions that removed significant power from the original statistical analysis. We here provide an additional 12 re-analyses of the original data and demonstrated that depending on the testing assumptions and data inclusion criteria, p-value may or may not exceed the commonly used.05 level. Although we support healthy discussion on experimental methods, and appreciate the reinterpretation of our findings, the reader is cautioned that because Beaujean and Farmer’s conclusions are limited to such a restricted range of data and different pre-analytic assumptions, the actual importance of their obtained p-value must remain in the eye of the beholder
Do objects perform?: anthrolithic performance in Chaco Canyon
No full textIn this posthumanist performance essay, I consult Indigenous and Western ontologies to guide my fieldwork as a part of the Chaco Canyon landscape. In doing so, I test recent theories about object performance, which reveal a vibrant and vital path forward for theorizing about possibilities for conceptualizing about what and who performs in performance studies