e-Journal Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI)
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Etiology and Pathogenesis of Unicystic Ameloblastoma Based on The Histopathology Examination Result Analysis
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Unicystic ameloblastoma is a type of ameloblastoma that often occurs at a young age. Unicystic ameloblastoma can occur due to neoplastic transformation from an odontogenic cyst to an odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic transformation of reduced enamel epithelium from developing teeth, or cystic degeneration of solid ameloblastoma. However, there is no convincing evidence has yet been found for each proposed pathogenesis. This study aims to determine the development of etiology and pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma based on the analysis of the results of histopathological examination. This study aims to determine the development of etiology and pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma based on the analysis of the results of histopathological examination. The study was conducted using a systematic review method through searching journals on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords. In the initial search, 1109 journals were obtained, which were then selected based on inclusion criteria, namely English-language journals published in 2017-2020, indexed in Scopus, and relating to the etiology and pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma based on the analysis of the results of histopathological examination, so that 16 journals were obtained. Etiology of the unicystic ameloblastoma has not undergone renewal, and the currently known pathogenesis of the unicystic ameloblastoma is molecular pathogenesis, namely where the development of odontogenic lesions occurs due to pathogenic gene mutations that affect the signaling pathway. The mutation that often occurs is the BRAF V600E mutation which is included in the MAPK signaling pathway
Enhancing the diagnosis of sublingual sialolith using CBCT: a case report
No full textObjectives: This case report was created to provide further insight into the use of CBCT in detecting sialolith lesions.
Case Report: A 27-year-old female patient was referred to the radiology department of Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital for CBCT radiograph examination related to complaints of swelling in the right lingual area of the mandible and pain. The results of the radiograph examination analysis showed irregular, well-defined radiopaque, in the lingual area of regio 44-45, measuring 34.31 mm2, and the lesion was not associated with the mandible. Intra-oral examination revealed irregular swelling and the same color as the lingual mucosa of regio 44-45. The analysis showed that the lesion was located in the salivary duct of the sublingual area and the patient was diagnosed with sublingual sialolithiasis dextra.
Conclusion: CBCT analysis can be used to accurately identify the position, quantity, and morphology of sialoliths and interpret their three-dimensional positioning in relation to adjacent structures
Radiographic evaluation of the healing process of alveolar abscess through regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis
No full textObjectives: This review article aims to explain how the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis on alveolar abscess healing process evaluation using radiograph.
Review: The databases used in this review are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. A total of 1280 search results appeared based on keywords. The search results were selected by title and abstract according to their relevance to the review topic. A total of 24 literatures were reviewed. The alveolar bone destruction is one of the signs of an inflammatory lesion in the alveolar bone. Bone damage that occurs in cases of the abscess will reduce the absorption of x-rays thereby giving a radiolucent appearance on radiographic examination. A radiographic examination is a supporting examination that can be used to develop the healing process. The processes of angiogenesis and osteogenesis of bone homeostasis will complement each other for the bone healing process, while VEGF is a growth factor that can increase the expression of BMPs and osteoblast differentiation so that the bone healing process can take place properly.
Conclusion: VEGF plays a significant role in both bone healing and regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis. However, excessive VEGF can also be harmful to the process of bone repair because it can stimulate the recruitment of osteoclasts. Therefore, VEGF regulation has an important role in apical abscess healing, and radiographic images that are quantitatively analyzed can be used to quantify this healing process
Simultaneous lesions of complex odontoma associated with dentigerous cyst: case report and critical review in CBCT
No full textObjectives: To our knowledge, there is limited evidence reporting cystic lesions associated with odontoma. Therefore, this case report aims to describe the clinical, histological, and particularly the characteristic cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) diagnostic features .
Case Report: A 20-year-old male patient presented with a complaint of a lump in the upper right jaw. There was no history of systemic disease. A panoramic radiograph showed a solid radio-opaque mass surrounded by an osteolytic lesion with a radio-opaque margin causing impaction of the maxillary canine. Given the limitations of panoramic radiography in assessing lesion extent, a CBCT examination was performed. Multiplanar reconstruction revealed a well-defined unilocular hyperdense lesion with a hypodense encapsulation and corticated margin, measuring 31.5 x 32 mm, expanding the buccal cortical plate and pushing the upper right canine tooth into the maxillary sinus cavity. The extensive expansion of the lesion required histopathological analysis to confirm the final diagnosis. The histopathological examination concluded a dentigerous cyst.
Conclusion: Several reports in the literature discuss the development of cysts and tumors in the jaw, but some cases are very difficult to identify. The variability of lesions can complicate pattern identification, leading to misinterpretation of conventional radiographs, thus requiring additional CBCT evaluation
Pengaruh Aplikasi Gel Nanas (Ananas comosus) Terhadap Kekerasan Email Gigi: The Effect of Pineapple Gel (Ananas comosus) Application on Tooth Enamel Hardness
No full textTooth discoloration is one of the aesthetic problems that have a significant impact on psychological conditions. Pineapple is a natural ingredient that can be used as an alternative to dental bleaching. Citric acid and malic acid in pineapple can bind calcium in teeth and cause porosity of enamel crystals which in turn reduces the enamel hardness. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of pineapple gel (Ananas comosus) application on tooth enamel hardness. The study design was a pretest and post-test controlled group design. Twenty five post extraction maxillary premolars were divided into 5 groups. The pH test of pineapple gel was done before treatment, each group was applied pineapple gel 25%, 50%, 75%, 35% hydrogen peroxide gel, and gel without active compounds. The hardness test was carried out using Vickers Hardness Tester. Data analysis used Paired t-test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis, one way ANOVA using probability 0,05. Paired t-test results showed significant differences in tooth enamel hardness before and after application of pineapple gel 50% (0,04), 75% (0,00), 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (0,04), but no significant difference in tooth enamel hardness before and after application of 25% pineapple gel (0,16). Wilcoxon test results no significant difference in tooth enamel hardness before and after application of gel without active compounds (0,08). Kruskal Wallis (0,17) and one way ANOVA (0,06) test results no significant differences in tooth enamel hardness between groups. The results of this study concluded that pineapple gel application can be recommended as an alternative to dental bleaching
Effectiveness of Duration Time to Use the Digital Dental Calculator Application on DMFT Index Measurement
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Introduction: Caries is a dental and oral disease characterized by cavities. To assess the severity of caries using an index, namely the DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Tooth) index. The DMFT index is often used to monitor oral health status in the community. The results of the DMFT Index examination have often been calculated manually using paper and pen, so the time required is longer. Along with the development of technology, a digital dental calculator application was developed as a solution to shorten the duration and increase the accuracy of the DMFT Index calculation results. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the digital dental survey application on the duration of DMFT index measurement time. Methods: This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with Post-test Only Group Design. The sampling technique used convenience sampling with a total of 64 professional students at Baiturrahmah Dental Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The average time for the sample to measure the DMFT index manually was 220.81 seconds while the digital measurement was 30.17 seconds. The Mann Whitney test results showed a significant difference in time duration (p<0.05) between the use of digital dental applications and manual in measuring the DMFT Index. DMFT Index calculation using the application is shorter than the manual calculation. Conclusion: The digital dental calculator application is more effective in shortening the duration of time compared to manual calculations in calculating the DMFT Index results
The Forgotten Infection Cases: Leprosy Disease Oral Manifestations and Its Problem
No full textBackground: Leprosy, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, predominantly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes. Although highly contagious, most people are naturally resistant. Indonesia ranks third globally in leprosy cases, and the disease continues to pose a significant public health challenge. This report aims to highlight the oral manifestations of leprosy in order to aid in early detection and treatment, which are essential to prevent disability and stigma. Case(s): Five patients diagnosed with borderline lepromatous or lepromatous leprosy were examined. Their oral manifestations included gingivitis, periodontitis, ulceration, desquamation, anesthesia, and hypopigmented lesions. Some patients exhibited poor oral hygiene, which exacerbated their symptoms. Each patient was undergoing multidrug therapy with rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine, along with additional medications based on individual systemic conditions. Discussion: The oral manifestations observed in these cases, such as ulceration and epithelial desquamation, are characteristic of advanced leprosy. Early diagnosis through recognition of oral symptoms is critical in preventing irreversible physical and social consequences. Dentists can play a key role in identifying leprosy, particularly when examining patients in endemic regions. Conclusion: Oral manifestations of leprosy provide an important diagnostic tool for early detection, potentially preventing severe complications, including physical disability and the associated socio-economic challenges. Dentists should be aware of these symptoms to help improve treatment outcomes and patient quality of life
Distribution of dental anomalies in panoramic radiography at RSGMP Universitas Airlangga
No full textObjectives: This research was aimed to determine the distribution of dental anomaly cases on panoramic radiographs at Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital (RSGMP).
Materials and Methods: This research used a descriptive observational design with a total sampling technique from panoramic radiographic data at the Radiology Clinic of RSGMP Universitas Airlangga during 2018–2020, which had cases of dental anomalies.
Results: The result showed 116 cases of dental anomalies, with more incidence in female (64%) than in male (36%). The most common dental anomaly category was the number of teeth anomalies (47.41%), followed by tooth size anomalies (29.31%), tooth shape anomalies (23.28%), and there were no cases of anomalies in tooth structure and position. The most common types of dental anomalies were microdontia (27.59%), missing teeth/agenesis (25%), supernumerary teeth (22.41%), dilaceration (16.38%), talon cusp (3.45%), taurodontism (2.59%), macrodontia (1.72%), gemination (0.86%).
Conclusion: The most common cases of dental anomalies were based on their categories, namely anomalies in the number of teeth, followed by tooth size, and tooth shape
Correlation of age to classification of vertical relationship of maxillary sinus and maxillary first molar root by cone-beam computed tomography: a cross-sectional study
No full textObjectives: The maxillary first molar has a close relationship with the base of the maxillary sinus floor. Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) provides coronal, sagittal, occlusal, and 3D sectional images of maxillofacial structures without causing distortion. Thus, CBCT allows for a comprehensive analysis of the position of the maxillary first molar about the maxillary sinus. This study aims to determine the correlation between age and the classification of vertical relationship between the maxillary sinus and the roots of the maxillary first molar using CBCT.
Materials and Methods: The research design was the analytical observational research used a cross-sectional design. The study population includes all CBCT radiographs from patients aged 20-50 years who used CBCT at RSGMP Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani. The total sampling technique was used to include all CBCT radiograph data comforms to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The study resulted in 60 CBCT radiographs, with 54 data for the right maxillary first molar and 49 data for the left maxillary first molar. Data analysis using Spearman correlation test showed r = -0.191 with a p-value of 0.166 for the right maxillary first molar and r = -0.167 with a p-value of 0.252 for the left maxillary first molar.
Conclusion: There was no correlation between age and the classification of vertical relationship between the maxillary sinus and the maxillary first molar tooth root (p > 0.05). This is because the volume of the maxillary sinus decreases with age, leading to an increased distance between the maxillary sinus and the tooth roots
A Comprehensive Approach to Geriatric Patient Care Based on Geriatric Assessment
No full textBackground Care for geriatric patients must consider several factors. It is critical to conduct a thorough examination of elderly patients to develop an ideal treatment plan for patients using a series of geriatric assessments. Case report The first patient was a 63-year-old male complaining of an open wound on several loose upper left teeth. It is suspected that he had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The second patient was a 70-year-old female having difficulty eating due to a loose upper left tooth with generalized enlarged gingiva. The patient had hypertension and was taking the medication without any supervision. Geriatric Assessment was performed, which included the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) examination, the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini-Cognitive. The two patients consulted with the internist before receiving further treatment. Conclusion A comprehensive examination with Geriatric Assessment can help dentists determine the best treatment plan for geriatric patient