e-Journal Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI)
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The role of radiographic imaging and finite element analysis in evaluating occlusal loads and stress distribution in the periodontal ligament
No full textObjectives: Biomechanical behavior analysis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) under various loading conditions is essential for understanding the impact of occlusal force distribution. A comprehensive understanding of this aspect is fundamental, and radiographic examination is a crucial modality for evaluating periodontal health. This review aims to illustrate the role of radiographic examination in influencing dental prognosis through the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to assess occlusal load and stress distribution in PDLs.
Review: Radiographic imaging techniques are critical for assessing the extent of occlusal trauma and its impact on the periodontal ligament and surrounding structures. Modalities such as conventional radiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) are commonly used to evaluate occlusal load. Studies have demonstrated that a balanced occlusal scheme results in a more uniform stress distribution, while an unbalanced scheme leads to localized stress concentrations, increasing the risk of periodontal damage. FEA has emerged as a powerful tool for simulated and visualizing stress patterns in the PDL and quantitatively calculating stresses and deformations in the periodontium. Technological advances in imaging, when applied in conjunction with finite element computational techniques, have shown that oblique loading results in higher stress concentrations compared to vertical loading, particularly in the PDL of mandibular first molars. These higher stresses, often observed in the cervical and apical regions, highlight the potential for more significant PDL damage, making it useful for evaluating bone loss and PDL integrity. for eligibility and completeness of journals.
Conclusion: Integration of advance radiographic imaging with FEA has significantly enhanced the understanding of occlusal load and stress distribution in the periodontal ligament. This advancement has propelled the field of periodontal biomechanics, offering very valuable insights into PDL’s biomechanical behavior as it responds to varying occlusal loads, to optimize outcomes in periodontal and orthodontic care
Morphological variations of the mandibular condyle as assessed from panoramic radiographic images: a literature review
No full textObjectives: This literature review aims to analyze the morphological variations of the mandibular condyle as observed in panoramic radiographic images. It investigates recent findings on the correlation between condylar morphology and clinical factors, highlights the clinical relevance of these variations in diagnosis and treatment planning, and underscores the importance of early identification of structural abnormalities in dental practice.
Review: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords used were: mandibular condyle, morphological variation, panoramic radiograph, and TMJ. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies published in English from 2015 to 2023 focusing on human panoramic radiographic evaluations of condylar morphology. Exclusion criteria included studies using only CBCT without panoramic comparisons, case reports, and studies on animal subjects. The review synthesized retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational studies with sample sizes ranging from children to older adults to identify common condylar morphologies and their clinical implications.
Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs can effectively identify morphological variations of the mandibular condyle, such as round, flat, angled, convex, and rare bifid shapes. These variations are associated with factors like age, gender, dentition status, and occlusion. Understanding these differences is crucial for early diagnosis and proper management of temporomandibular disorders.
Keywords: Morphological variations, mandibular condyle, panoramic radiography, temporomandibular joint, TMJ disorder
Development of cephalometric radiography in orthodontic imaging: a literature review
No full textObjectives: This review article aims to discuss the development of lateral cephalometric radiography use in science until now.
Review: The search for studies on the identification of lateral cephalometric anatomical landmarks based on artificial intelligence was conducted by involving four databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The article selection was conducted using the keywords "Cephalometric Radiograph," "Automatic Cephalometric," "Cephalometric Landmarking," and "Cephalometric Digital" from January 2000 to March 2022. A total of 11 articles were obtained for this study. Cephalometric radiography is a radiographic technique that shows a picture of the skull and is widely used in dentistry to analyze and assess the relationship between teeth, jaws, and facial bones. Cephalometric analysis can be done by identifying anatomical landmark points and measuring angles on lateral cephalometric radiographs. The development of cephalometric radiography in biomedical imaging, especially in terms of the processing of cephalometric radiograph images from the process of forming X-rays to their potential use in the process of determining automatic anatomical landmark points.
Conclusion: The results of the literature review of the development of dental radiology, especially digital cephalometric radiography, continue to increase, and its development is supported by computing technology, especially Artificial Intelligence.
Keywords: Lateral cephalometric; biomedical imaging; artificial intelligenc
Assessment of the distance of maxillary posterior tooth roots to the maxillary sinus using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images
No full textObjectives: This research aims to determine the variation in the distance of maxillary posterior tooth roots to the maxillary sinus.
Materials and Methods: This research employed a descriptive observational design using 68 samples of CBCT radiographs of individuals aged 20–40 years from Dental Radiology Installation of Dental & Oral Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. The distance assessed in this study is the shortest vertical distance from the apices to the maxillary sinus floor of all roots in first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. The measurements were performed using i-Dixel 2.2 software (Morita-Japan).
Results: The result showed the mesiobuccal root of the second molar was the closest to the maxillary sinus, with a mean distance of -0.24 ± 1.23 mm. Conversely, the buccal root of the first premolar was the farthest, with a mean distance of 4.72 ± 3.11 mm.
Conclusion: The proximity order of roots relative to the maxillary sinus, from closest to farthest, is as follows: mesiobuccal root of the second molar, distobuccal root of the second molar, palatal root of the first molar, distobuccal root of the first molar, mesiobuccal root of the first molar, palatal root of the second molar, palatal root of the second premolar, the single root of the second premolar, buccal root of the second premolar, palatal root of the first premolar, the single root of the first premolar, buccal root of the first premolar.
Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, maxillary sinus, posterior teeth roots
The correlation between knowledge level of maxillary anatomical structures and panoramic radiograph interpretation among preclinical dentistry students at Mulawarman University
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to find out the correlation between the knowledge level of maxillary anatomical structures and the interpretation of panoramic radiographs among preclinical dentistry students at the University of Mulawarman.
Materials and Methods: This quantitative research utilized a cross-sectional design. The employed sample technique was non-probability total sampling, focusing on preclinical dentistry students from the 2021–2022 academic year who had finished courses in panoramic radiograph interpretation. The data collection included two validated questionnaires: one measuring knowledge of maxillary anatomical components and the other testing the ability to interpret panoramic radiographs. The Spearman correlation test was employed for data analysis.
Results: The findings revealed that 60.7% of students were classified as possessing a limited understanding of maxillary anatomical components, 73.8% had inadequate skills in reading panoramic radiographs, and 54.1% showed poor performance in both domains. The correlation test indicated a significant association between knowledge of maxillary anatomical structures and the interpretation of panoramic radiographs, with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of less than 0.001.
Conclusion: A significant correlation exists between the knowledge level of maxillary anatomical structures and the interpretation of panoramic radiographs among preclinical dentistry students at Mulawarman University.
Keywords: Knowledge level, maxillary anatomical structures, interpretation, panoramic radiography, preclinical student
Efektivitas Berkumur Jus Wortel (Daucus Carota l.) Terhadap Indeks Plak Pasien Prolanis: Effectiveness Carrot Juice (Daucus carota l.) Gargling The Plaque Index Prolanic Patients
No full textThe chronic disease management program (PROLANIS) seeks to tackle chronic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Data for 2018 Diabetes Mellitus in Kedungmundu Health Center were 3,165 cases and Hypertension as many as 4,417 cases. People with diabetes oral manifestations such as gingivitis, periodontitis, xerostomia and plaque accumulation. Hypertension sufferers with oral manifestations such as gingival hyperplasia and xerostomia. The purpose of this study to analyze the effectiveness of carrot juice (Daucus Carota L) gargling plaque the index prolanis patients Kedungmundu Public Health Center Semarang. This research is kind of quasi experimental which the research design is pretest-posttest with group design. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling. The treatment group using 100% carrot juice. Data analysis dependent t-test. The average of decreasing plaque index before gargling using carrot juice was 57,54 ± 27,07. The average of decreasing of in plaque index after gargling using carrot juice was 33,63 ± 23,36. Statistical test results showed that there were significant differences the Plaque Index of the treatment group p-value of 0,000 (p <0.05). Gargling using carrot juice is effective in order to decrease the plaque index of prolanis patients
Pasta Kalsium Hidroksida Sebagai Bahan Dressing pada Perawatan Trauma Insisif Permanen Imatur: Calcium Hydroxide Paste as a Dressing Material in The Treatment of Trauma to Immature Permanent Incisor
No full textExtrusive luxation is an outward or incisal displacement of teeth due to trauma with long- term complications, namely pulpal necrosis and periapical inflammation. Endodontic treatment that can be performed on immature permanent incisor is regenerative endodontics or apexification. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide paste as a dressing material in regenerative endodontic treatment. A 7 year old girl patient was brought by his mother to the Children's Dental Polyclinic at RSGM UNPAD with complaints that the front maxillary teeth touched the ground. The results of the clinical examination showed that tooth 11 was extruded by 4 mm and had a mobility level of 2 and the gums were swollen and exposed labial to apical third. The treatment carried out was fixation and orthodontic treatment but after 6 months of treatment tooth 11 returned to extrusion. Radiograph showed radiolucency in periapical region 11, negative vitality test, grade 1 mobility test and 4 mm probe test in mid-buccal region. The treatment performed is regenerative endodontics. Currently, patients use calcium hydroxide paste as a dressing material to treat periapical abscesses. After 3 months of treatment, from the patient's periapical X-ray, it can be seen that the radiolucent appearance in the periapical area has begun to decrease. Calcium Hydroxide Paste is an effective dressing material for regenerative endodontic treatment of immature permanent incisor with dentoalveolar trauma
Post-Orthodontic Evaluation of Incisor Position on Class I Malocclusion Patients: A Radiographic Study
No full textBackground: Malocclusion is the irregularity of teeth, considered as an oral health problem resulting from various etiological factors, causing esthetic dissatisfaction to functional impairment. Malocclusions must be fixed by orthodontic treatment. Achieving proper incisor inclination and angulation is essential for orthodontic treatment stability and facial harmony. However, limited evidence exists regarding post-treatment incisor positioning in Class I skeletal malocclusion patients within the Indonesian population. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the post-treatment inclination and angulation of maxillary and mandibular incisors in Class I skeletal malocclusion patients and to evaluate whether these parameters fall within established cephalometric norms. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary cephalometric data from 96 post-treatment medical records. Incisor inclination was measured using U1–SN, U1–PP, L1–MP, and IMPA angles, while angulation was assessed for upper and lower central incisors. Results: The mean upper incisor angles were 106° (U1-SN) and 115° (U1-PP), and the lower incisor angles were 94° (L1-MP) and 96° (IMPA). The mean angulation of individual incisors was approximately 89–91° for both upper and lower central incisors. Conclusion: Pre-adjusted bracket systems used in the study effectively guide incisors toward favorable positioning within normal ranges, with minor variations such as the IMPA angle, supporting both functional and esthetic outcomes.This study took the initiative to describe both post-treatment upper and lower incisor position in Indonesian orthodontic patients
A potential endodontic misdiagnosis: periapical central giant cell granuloma
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this case study was to report a periapical central giant cell granuloma post-endodontic treatment.
Case Report: A 32-year-old female patient presented to the Dental Radiology Unit of Dental Hospital Universitas Padjadjaran with a CBCT referral letter, diagnosed clinically with periapical abscess of tooth 22 post-endodontic treatment. The patient had a history of coming to the emergency room with a fair general condition and complained of pain and swelling of the left upper lip. The CBCT result demonstrated a large radiolucent lesion at the periapical of tooth 22 with a well-defined border that extended to the apical area of tooth 21. There was a cortical destruction on the palatal and labial alveolar bone. Density analysis revealed an average density of 145.2 Grayscale.
Conclusion: Lesions might be analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods with CBCT 3D. These methods lead to the suspicion of periapical central giant cell granuloma in this case's lesion.
Keywords: Periapical central giant cell granuloma, endodontic lesion, CBCT 3