e-Journal Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI)
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Curettage Treatment on Stage III and IV Periodontitis Patients
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Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of teeth supporting tissue caused by a group of specific microorganism that causes progressive damage to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontal pocket is one of the most important clinical features of periodontal disease. This case report aims to evaluate the results of curettage in periodontitis cases with different stages and grades.
Case reports: This report consists of two cases. The first case is a 41-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of gum bleeding during brushing and tooth mobility. Intraoral examination showed gingival redness and swelling, positive papillary bleeding index (PBI) in all regions, and an OHI-S score of 3.16 (poor). A probing depth of 4-5 mm was present on the upper right canine and the lower left central incisor. Gingival recession of 1 mm was also present on the upper right canine. Radiographic examination showed horizontal bone defect that reached the cervical third of the root on the upper right canine and the middle third of the root on the lower left central incisor. The second case is a 61-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of tooth hypersensitivity and tooth mobility since three years ago. Intraoral examination showed gingival redness and swelling with positive PBI in all regions. Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S) score was 3.6 (poor). A probing depth of 4-5 mm and gingival recession was present on both lower left incisors. Grade 1 tooth mobility was also present on the lower left central incisor. Radiographic examination showed horizontal bone defect reaching the apical third of the root. Curettage was performed for both cases after a thorough scaling and root planing.
Conclusion: Curettage as a treatment for patients with chronic periodontitis after 4 weeks shows an improvement of patient’s Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified (OHI-S) score and reduced probing depth
Diametral Tensile Strength of Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Composite Resins
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Introduction: Microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins are commonly used due to their high diametral tensile strength, which indicates the resistance of a material to chewing in posterior tooth restoration. Both composite resins have been widely produced via various modifications of their composition.
Objectives: To evaluate the diametral tensile strength of composite resins with microhybrid and nanohybrid fillers.
Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, microhybrid (DenFilTM) and nanohybrid (DenFilTM N) composite resins were shaped into 10 specimens each in cylindrical molds (6 mm diameter × 3 mm height) by the bulk-fill technique, and the upper layer was flattened using mylar strips and then polymerized using a light-curing unit for 20 s. Then, composite resin samples were immersed in cell culture plates filled with 2.5 mL of artificial saliva in a 37°C incubator for 24 h. Dimensions of the soaked specimens were examined using a digital caliper and tested using a universal testing machine.
Results: The diametral tensile strength values for microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins were 41.67 MPa and 45.42 MPa, respectively.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the diametral tensile strength of microhybrid and nanohybrid
Efficacy of World Health Organization-Recommended Homemade Hand Sanitizer Against Bacteria and Fungus
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Introduction: Handwashing is among the best practices to prevent the transmission of various diseases especially during the pandemic. Handwashing with soap can reduce respiratory tract infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines for making homemade hand sanitizer. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of antibacterial hand- rub, as recommended by WHO, containing ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol in varying concentrations against bacteria and fungus. Methods: This experimental laboratory study was designed to assay the efficacy of hand sanitizer ingredients—96% ethanol, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and 98% glycerol, as recommended by WHO—against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Commercial hand rubs were used in this study for comparison. Result: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing showed that the WHO hand rub at 25% concentration inhibited E. coli and S. aureus growth, while 12,5% concentration inhibited C. albicans. Conclusion: The WHO-recommended homemade hand sanitizer containing ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol at a concentration of 50% is effective in eliminating Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and concentration of 25% is effective on Candida albicans. Further study is needed to analyse these materials against other bacteria and viruses
Effects of Green Tea and Lemon Essential Oil Mouthwashes on Surface Roughness of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement
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Introduction: Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) is a restorative material developed with aim to overcome the weaknesses of GIC which has poor physical properties that can affect the surface roughness. A rough surface is a contributing factor to the accumulation of plaque and development of secondary caries. One of the factors that cause surface roughness is the use of mouthwash. Objective: To determine the effect of two essential oil mouthwashes on the surface roughness of RMGIC. Methods: Fifteen samples of RMGIC (cylindrical, 2 mm high and 10 mm in diameter) were divided into three treatment groups (n = 5 in each group). In group I, the samples were immersed in green tea essential oil mouthwash for 30 seconds. In group II, the samples were immersed in lemon essential oil mouthwash for 60 seconds. In group III, the samples were immersed in distilled water (control group). All the samples were immersed for 21 days at room temperature (37°C), with two repetitions. The surface roughness was then tested using a surface roughness tester (Taylor Hobson S100 Series; AMETEK Inc; United States of America). Results: The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA with Tukey’s Post Hoc test (p <0.05). Statistical analysis with One Way ANOVA test indicates a significant change in the value of surface roughness between the three groups. Tukey’s Post Hoc test with p=0.009 shows a significant difference in testing the effect of green tea essential oil mouthwash. Conclusion: Green tea essential oil mouthwash affected the surface roughness of RMGIC compared to lemon essential oil mouthwash. However, both did not have a significant difference with control groups
Image processing of periapical radiograph on granuloma detection by analysis method based on Android
No full textObjectives: The study assesses periapical radiograph image with various android based analysis method to detect granuloma.
Materials and Methods: The study uses survey descriptive cross sectional by using questionnaire. The questionnaire is distributed to 70 random respondents. The methods of the android application used are BLOB (Binary Large Object), DCT and LDA (Discrete Cosine Transform and Linier Discriminant Analysis), DWT and PCA (Discrete Wavelet Transform & Principal Component Analysis), and multiwavelet transformation. The questionnaire assessment included accuracy, effectiveness, attractiveness, innovativeness of the android application.
Results: Android application with BLOB has effectivity and accuracy of 62,5%, attractiveness and innovativeness of 75%. Android application with DCT and LDA has effectivity and accuracy of 50 %, attractiveness of 70% and innovativeness of 80%. Android application with DWT and PCA has effectivity of 50%, accuracy of 60%, attractiveness of 66,66% and innovativeness of 80%. Android application with multiwavelet transformation has effectivity and accuracy of 50%, attractiveness of 55% and innovativeness of 73%.
Conclusion: Based on assessment, the four methods used to detect granuloma are effective and applicative with android-based application. Android-based Application can detect granuloma with approximately more than 70% successful rate. These methods ease the practitioner to interpret the granuloma image
Gambaran idiopathic osteosclerosis gigi molar ketiga impaksi pada radiograf Cone Beam Computed Tomography
No full textObjectives: To analyze idiopathic osteosclerosis radiographs associated with impacted third molars (M3) on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Case Report: A 36-year-old woman came to the Dentology Clinic complaining that the right mandibular third molar area often felt sore. The patient was referred for CBCT examination and incidentally, a radiopaque image with clear boundaries, irregular shape was found on the periapical impacted third molar without caries in the tooth crown. The treatment plan that will be carried out on the tooth is extraction.
Conclusion: Idiopathic osteosclerosis lesions are lesions that occur in vital teeth that have the characteristics of a well-defined radiopaque appearance and are asymptomatic. Characteristics of idiopathic osteosclerosis lesions can be visualized by CBCT well. CBCT has the advantage of being able to display a detailed picture of the lesion in three dimensions (3D) with a fairly good image resolution
Odontogenic Keratocyst finding with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): a case report
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this case report is to analyze the incidental finding of an odontogenic keratocyst on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination for the case of an impacted tooth 48.
Case Report: A 48-year-old man came with a consul letter to perform a CBCT examination with complaints of loose teeth on the right posterior mandible starting from the premolars. Coincidentally found on a sagittal view showed a wide radiolucency lesion on the internal part of the jaw and not related to the impacted tooth. The treatment plan is to remove the lesion and perform a biopsy and perform postoperative panoramic radiograph.
Conclusion: The characteristics of the odontogenic keratocyst lesion can be visualized clearly on CBCT. The use of CBCT in analyzing the type and size of the lesion is very helpful in planning surgical treatment. Odontogenic keratocysts can be well-diagnosed using a combination of CBCT examination with histopathological examination to determine the most effective management and prevent a recurrence
The Level of Saliva Glutathione in Moderate Gingivitis Patients Increases After Gargling with 5% Cosmos (Cosmos caudatus) Extract
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Introduction: Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by bacterial plaque accumulation producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species is a harmful by-products from aerobic metabolisms of mitochondria, that when accumulated can cause large variety of diseases. Antioxidants can counter ROS activities. Oxidative stress may occur due to an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative damage. Cosmos caudatus is rich in antioxidants due to its flavonoid and phenolic contents. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the concentration of saliva GSH in moderate gingivitis patients after gargling with a solution containing 5% Cosmos (Cosmos caudatus) extract. Methods: Twenty subjects with moderate gingivitis were divided into two groups—the treatment and control group—by drawing lots in a randomized controlled trial. The treatment group gargled with 5% Cosmos extract whereas the control group gargled with Chlorhexidine 0.1%. Each subject was required to gargle for 60 seconds every morning and night, for five days consecutively. The GSH level was measured before and after gargling on the sixth day after treatment using a spectrophotometer with wavelength of 412 nm. Data was analyzed using an independent T-Test (p <0.05). Results: The study showed there was significant difference between the saliva GSH level of each group before and after gargling; moreover, after gargling with the solutions, no significant difference of saliva GSH was found when compared between the treatment group and the control group. Conclusion: The level of saliva GSH increases after gargling using 5% Cosmos extract and has the same effect with Chlorhexidine 0.1%
Kegunaan radiografi panoramik pada masa mixed dentition
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this review is to determine the usefulness of panoramic radiography during mixed dentition and also to capture panoramic radiographs during mixed dentition.
Review: Mixed dentition is a period of mixed dentition and a period of transition from sequential deciduous teeth followed by the eruption of the replacement tooth, namely the permanent tooth. The mixed dental phase occurs in children aged 6-12 years, beginning with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, usually a central incisor or mandibular first molar. Changes in occlusion occur significantly during this time due to the loss of the deciduous teeth and the eruption of the replacement permanent teeth.
Conclusion: The mixed dentition period can be classified into 3 phases, namely. (1) the first transitional period, occurs at 6-8 years of age. In this phase, the eruption of the permanent first molars and the replacement of the deciduous incisors with the permanent incisors occurred. (2) the inter-transitional period, after the first molars and permanent incisors erupt, there is a transient period of about 1-2 years before the second transition phase begins. In this phase, it is called inter-transitional because the maxillary and mandibular arches consist of deciduous and permanent teeth. In the inter-transitional phase it is relatively stable and no changes occur. (3) the second transitional period at age (10-13 years), the date of the mandibular canine at about 10 years of age usually begins the second transitional period
