e-Journal Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI)
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Fracture Toughness of Monolithic Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate CAD/CAM Endocrown
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Introduction: Endocrown is an indirect restoration following the endodontic treatment made of ceramic material as a substitute for post core crown. The endocrown is cemented to the inner wall of the pulp chamber and to the cavity margins to increase the macromechanical retention. Material commonly used are monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate; both can be obtained using the CAD/CAM technique. Good endocrown restoration must be able to handle the chewing workload especially on the posterior tooth. Objective: To determine the difference in fracture toughness of monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate CAD/CAM endocrown. Methods: This study used 6 endocrown CAD/CAM samples, attached to typodont prototype in 3D resin printing model produced by the printing machine. Samples were divided into 2 groups. Group A were monolithic zirconia endocrowns and group B were lithium disilicate endocrowns. The fracture toughness was calculated using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results: Fracture toughness of the monolithic zirconia endocrown were 2.747 N and lithium disilicate were 769 N. The unpaired t test showed that there was significant difference in fracture toughness between groups (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Monolithic zirconia endocrown has a higher fracture toughness compared to the lithium disilicate endocrown, but lithium disilicate is more recommended as an endocrown restoration material because its fracture toughness is closer to masticatory load of posterior teeth
The Effectiveness of Education Using Virtual Reality Video Media on Oral Health Knowledge in Elementary School Students 10 Sungai Sapih, Padang City
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Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that creates a simulated version of the real world. In recent years, VR has been increasingly utilized as a tool in education due to its potential to enhance the learning experience. One of the factors that causes oral health problems is the low level of knowledge of individual children. Objectives: this study aims to determine the effectiveness of education using virtual reality video media on dental and oral health knowledge in students of SDN 10 Sungai Sapih, Padang. Method: This is quasi-experimental research with a one-group pre-test post-test design. Convenience sampling was used to select 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis to determine the effectiveness of the use of VR media in increasing dental health knowledge using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Results: The study found that the average student knowledge score increased from 11.30 to 13.20 after using VR media for education. The Wilcoxon test results indicate a significant difference before and after the VR media intervention, with a p value of 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of virtual reality video media in education is effective in improving oral health knowledge among students of SDN 10 Sungai Sapih, Padang City. VR media is very innovative to be implemented in the classroom, however it requires readiness from teachers and schools to support the success of the media
The correlation of the change in vertical angulation of the beam in the bisecting technique to the length of the tooth
No full textObjectives: To find out the correlation between changes in vertical angle beam in periapical radiography of bisecting techniques to the length dimension of the tooth.
Materials and Methods: This study was a study using laboratory experimental methods. The samples used in this study were incisor 1, incisor 2, canine, premolar 1, premolar 2, molar 1, and molar 2 region 1. Based on the results of the minimum number of samples at G*power, measures of effect size f (0.4512937), α err prob (0.05), power (1-β err prob) (0.8), number of groups (5), number of measurements (2), corr among rep measurements (0.6), nonpersphericity correction € ( (1). All teeth are treated in the form of a change in angle from the standard angle recommended by White and Pharoah to -10°, -5°, 0°, +5°, +10° , +10° in each tooth using the Dental X-ray unit of Veraview V080 type EX-2 70 kV. 7 mA.
Results: Based on Saphiro-Wilk, Kruskall-Wallis, and Paired t-test tests, it is known that there is a significant relationship between the actual length of the tooth and the length of the radiograph result in the change of angle + foreshortening, and the change of angle - the elongation. However, this does not apply to molar teeth 1 and 2 at positive angle changes However, this does not apply to molar teeth 1 and 2. A change in angle -10° is a change in angle with a better degree.
Conclusion: There is a correlation between the change in vertical angle beam in the periapical radiography of bisecting techniques to the length dimension of the tooth
The Relationship Between Mother’s Education and The Level of Knowledge About Child Malocclusion
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Introduction: Malocclusion is a dental and oral health problem that often occurs in children and adolescents. The prevalence of dental and mouth problems in East Kalimantan Province is still quite high with the largest age group being 5-9 years. Knowledge about dental and oral health, especially in the aspect of child malocclusion, is related to the level of education of parents. Objective: To determine the relationship between the education of the mother of a student at SDN 005 Penajam, East Kalimantan and the level of knowledge about child malocclusion. Methods: using an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional, the instrument used was a modified questionnaire from Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences & Rural Dental College, Loni, India. The research population was female students at SDN 005 Penajam, East Kalimantan. Sampling using total sampling technique. Results: from 133 respondents, 60% (n=24) of mothers with tertiary education had good knowledge of malocclusion, 39.02% (n=16) of mothers with secondary education and 48.08% (n=25) of mothers with education have less knowledge about malocclusion. There is a relationship between the education of the mothers of SDN 005 Penajam, East Kalimantan and the level of knowledge about malocclusion in children (p=0.000) and r=0.371 (weak correlation strength). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the education of the mothers of students at SDN 005 Penajam, East Kalimantan and the level of knowledge about child malocclusion (p=0.000). The higher the education the better the results of knowledge. By having good knowledge about malocclusion, mothers can take preventive, curative, and rehabilitative actions so as to reduce the prevalence of malocclusion in children
The Effect of 1% Povidone Iodine Mouthwash on The Surface Roughness of Zirconia Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement
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Introduction: Zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement is a new generation glass ionomer cement restoration material with the addition of zirconia nanoparticles that is equivalent in strength to amalgam while maintaining ability to release fluoride like conventional glass ionomer cements. Surface roughness can be affected by various factors including the use of mouthwash. Mouthwash that is commonly used during pandemic COVID-19 is 1% povidone iodine. Previous study stated that povidone iodine mouthwash contains alcohol and acidic pH which can decrease the hardness of composite resins. Objective: To determine the effect of 1% povidone iodine mouthwash on the surface roughness of zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement. Methods: This was a true experimental laboratory research with a pre test and post test control group design. The research samples consisted of 36 samples of zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement with diameter of 10 mm and height of 2 mm. The samples were divided into two groups: the control group which was immersed in artificial saliva and the treatment group which was immersed in 1% povidone iodine mouthwash for 24 hours. Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test and Independent Sample T-Test. Results: Paired Sample T-test results showed no significant difference in the surface roughness of the control group between before and after immersion with p value = 0,074 (p>0,05) and a significant difference in the surface roughness of the treatment group between before and after immersion with p value = 0,000 (p<0,05). Independent Sample T-Test results showed significant difference in the surface roughness between the control group and the treatment group with p value = 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: 1% povidone iodine mouthwash has an effect on increasing the surface roughness of zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Accuracy for Morphological and Morphometric Evaluation of Mandibular Condyles Using Small FOV and Small Voxel Size
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in determining and visualizing the morphology and morphometry of the mandibular condyle. Narrative reviews with article searches were carried out through NCBI's PubMed database and Scopus from September 2021–October 2021, with the inclusion criteria articles published in 2011–2021. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a crucial role and is closely related to the masticatory system. The diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is not easy and is complex enough to require a comprehensive clinical and radiographic examination. Pathological changes such as erosion of the condyle, fracture, ankylosis, dislocation, and osteophyte can be well seen using CBCT imaging. CBCT images obtained with smaller field of view (FOV) have smaller a voxel size and a higher image resolution. FOV or scan volume refers to the anatomical area that will be included in the data volume or the area of the patient that will be irradiated. The dimension of FOV depends on the detector size and shape, the beam projection geometry, and the ability to collimate the beam. Voxel size is an important component of image quality, related to both the pixel size and the image matrix. Selection of small FOV and small voxel size is recommended because they provide better visualization and detail for the evaluation of morphology and morphometry of the condyle, especially the detection of erosion and defects on the condyle surface
Diagnosis of Proximal Dental Caries Using Intraoral and Extraoral Bitewing Radiographs: A Narrative Review
Get PDFRadiographic examination using intraoral bitewing (IOBW) radiography is an ideal examination to detect proximal carious lesions. Besides the risk of triggering gag reflex, the IOBW technique is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission through saliva-contaminated film or digital sensor. Examination using intraoral techniques during the COVID-19 pandemic should be avoided to minimize cross-contamination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The alteration from using IOBW to extraoral bitewing (EOBW) radiography can be a promising alternative to overcome these problems. This review article aims to describe the advantages of the EOBW technique and compares diagnostic performance of IOBW and EOBW radiographs in detecting proximal dental caries. The databases used for literature searching in the review include Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The inclusion criteria were original articles, case reports, and English and Indonesian scientific textbooks published from 2010 to 2021. The exclusion criteria were article reviews and original articles that did not contain research methods. A total of 29 literatures were discussed in this narrative review. The EOBW technique is recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the risk of cross-contamination in dental radiography. This technique ensures the patient for a more comfortable procedure, with shorter time needed and a wider field of view that allows it to be used to detect bone loss in the alveolar crest. Sensitivity, specificity, and area-under-curve in the IOBW technique were higher than in the EOBW. Nevertheless, EOBW shows good accuracy, so it can be used as an alternative technique for patients who find it difficult to undergo the IOBW technique, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic
Survey of Adhesive Systems Knowledge Among Conservative Dentistry Specialist Dentist in Indonesia
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Introduction: Knowledge of adhesive systems is an essential item in creating a successful tooth restoration. Adhesive systems are common among dentists in Indonesia, but no research has been found that evaluates the knowledge of the members of Indonesian Conservative Dentistry Association (IKORGI) - Central Jakarta Branch. Objectives: to determine dentists’ understanding regarding the use of adhesive systems during restorative procedures. Methods: This research used a descriptive study with a cross-sectional questionnaire design. One hundred and five dentist specialists in IKORGI - Central Jakarta Branch, completed an online survey form within two months comprising three sections: (a) demographics (6 items), (b) knowledge about the latest technology of adhesive systems (5 items), and (c) clinical implications of adhesive systems (10 items). Data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel and IBM SPSS. Results: The primary data was dominated by the female with the range of 0 to 5 years of experience since graduated from conservative dentistry program. They understood the adhesive system quite well, as seen from the maximum score of the respondents was 4.25. Among participants, 63.8% to 99% showed a strong knowledge about the adhesion terminology and type of adhesives. Conclusions: The understanding of adhesive systems knowledge among dentist specialists in IKORGI - Central Jakarta Branch is good, although there are some significant differences between the research variables. Further research is required to cover all areas of Indonesia with or without specialty in conservative dentistry
Fluoride Varnish with Antibacterial Agents for Dental Caries Prevention: A Short Review on Its Fabrication
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Introduction: In recent years, the medical field has begun to use medicinal plant in the manufacture of modern medicines. Most of the medicinal plants used have antibacterial properties such as cinnamon, clove, betel, and holy basil. These medicinal plants could be used in the manufacture of fluoride varnish to support antibacterial properties in preventing the development of dental caries. Objective: This study aimed to provide update review of medicinal plant used as antibacterial agent in the fabrication of fluoride varnish to prevent dental caries. Method: Data collection were carried out by searching the literature on article search sites, namely PubMed and Scopus which were published from 2017 to 2022. Data searches were carried out systematically using the keywords fluoride varnish, dental caries, antibacterial, and fabrication. The author performs data search, data selection, and data extraction. Results: Only nine articles were found after a thorough selection process and database search using search terms and keywords. Seven of the studies were in vitro study and two was randomized clinical trial (RCT). In the overall fluoride varnish efficacy study, adding medicinal plant as an antibacterial agent showed strong antibacterial action against S. mutans with great bacterial inhibition zone. Together with its constituent parts, the fabricating method, such as the temperature and stirring rate, influence the optimal result of fluoride varnish. Conclusion: The addition of medicinal plants and method modification in the fabrication of fluoride varnish showed potential antibacterial properties that enhance higher fluoride release
A suspect of large dentigerous cyst associated with impacted canine evaluated by CBCT: a case report in a young patient
No full textObjectives: This case report aims to describe a large radiolucent lesion associated with an impacted canine in a young patient from CBCT radiographs.
Case Report: A 12-year-old boy was referred for CBCT examination to the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology unit at the Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital with swelling on the right side of the face and a gingival lump on the upper right region suspected as an unerupted canine. The CBCT examination results showed an ectopic impacted tooth 13 and a large hypodense/radiolucent lesion with a well-defined and corticated border located on the coronal of tooth 13, expanding into the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity.
Conclusion: Based on the CBCT result in terms of location and radiographic features, this extensive radiolucent lesion led to a suspect radiodiagnosis of the dentigerous cyst within a young patient. However, histology examination is still required to establish a definitive diagnosis